不同用量专用生物炭基肥对贵州朝天椒提质增效的影响
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摘要
为探究生物炭基肥对贵州黄壤朝天椒的施用效果,采用大田试验,以自制生物炭基肥为供试材料,研究不同生物炭基肥施用量[1 758(BCF1)、2 167.5(BCF2)、2 550(BCF3)、2 932.5(BCF4)和3 315 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF5)]对贵州朝天椒产量、品质、养分积累、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与习惯施肥(FP)处理相比,施用生物炭基肥可以显著提高朝天椒产量,其中鲜椒增产12.0%～32.8%、干椒增产12.6%～31.6%,且以BCF2处理效果最佳;施用生物炭基肥对朝天椒的硝酸盐和Vc含量影响显著,其中硝酸盐含量降低了3.9%～14.4%、Vc含量提高了1.0%～19.3%,但对还原糖和游离氨基酸含量无影响;与FP处理相比,施用生物炭基肥使氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别提高了4.97～13.93、8.49～26.41 kg·kg~(-1),BCF1、BCF2和BCF3处理的钾肥农学效率提高了3.12～8.32 kg·kg~(-1),以BCF1处理为最高,氮、磷、钾肥的表观利用率分别提高了24.11～43.90、2.63～7.76、7.50～44.60个百分点,其中BCF2处理的氮肥表观利用率和钾肥表观利用率最高,分别为55.0%和74.1%,BCF1和BCF2处理的磷肥表观利用率最高,均为10.3%;与FP处理相比,施用生物炭基肥后的朝天椒纯收入提高了19.4%～74.8%,以BCF2效果最佳。综上,本试验条件下生物炭基肥施用量为2 167.5 kg·hm~(-2)时朝天椒生物效应和经济效益最好,可作为贵州朝天椒种植的最佳施用量。本研究结果为生物炭基肥在贵州黄壤朝天椒高产栽培技术中的应用提供了理论依据。
To evaluate the effect of self-made biochar-based fertilizer on the yields, quality, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and economic performance of hot pepper in Guizhou, a field experiment was carried out with five contrasting application rates(i.e., including 1 758 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF1), 2 167.5 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF2), 2 550 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF3), 2 932.5 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF4), and 3 315 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF5)). The results showed that, compared with FP treatment, the application of biochar-based fertilizers significantly increased the yield, in which fresh pepper increased yield by 12.0% to 32.8%, and dried pepper increased yield by 12.6% to 31.6%, respectively. BCF2 treatment was the best among five treatments, and the yield was significantly higher than others. Biochar-based fertilizer also considerably affected the nitrate and Vc content of hot pepper. The nitrate content decreased by 3.9%～14.4% and the Vc content increased by 1.0%～19.3%, but had no effect on reducing sugar and free amino acid content. Compared with FP treatment, biochar-based fertilizer treatments increased the agronomic efficiency of the N and P fertilizer by 4.97～13.93 and 8.49～26.41 kg·kg~(-1), the agronomic efficiency of K fertiliaer of BCF1, BCF2 and BCF3 increased by 3.12～8.32 kg·kg~(-1), among which the BCF1 treatment was the highest. The N, P and K fertilizer apparent utilization rate was increased by 24.11～43.90%, 2.63～7.76% and 7.50～44.60%, respectively. The REN and REK of BCF2 treatment were highest, which were 55.0% and 74.1%, respectively, and the REP of BCF1 and BCF2 treatment was both the highest 10.3%. The application of biochar-based fertilizer improved pure income by 22.1%～74.8% compared with FP treatment, with highest being situated in BCF2 treatment. Compared with FP treatment, the net income of hot pepper after application of biochar-based fertilizer increased by 19.4% to 74.8%, and BCF2 was the best. In conclusion, 2 167.5 kg·hm~(-2) was the optimal applied rate of biochar-based fertilizer, of which the treatment obtained the best biological effects and economic benefits and could be recommended in the production of hot pepper in Guizhou. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar-based fertilizer in the high-yielding cultivation of hot pepper in yellow soil of Guizhou province.
To evaluate the effect of self-made biochar-based fertilizer on the yields, quality, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and economic performance of hot pepper in Guizhou, a field experiment was carried out with five contrasting application rates(i.e., including 1 758 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF1), 2 167.5 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF2), 2 550 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF3), 2 932.5 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF4), and 3 315 kg·hm~(-2)(BCF5)). The results showed that, compared with FP treatment, the application of biochar-based fertilizers significantly increased the yield, in which fresh pepper increased yield by 12.0% to 32.8%, and dried pepper increased yield by 12.6% to 31.6%, respectively. BCF2 treatment was the best among five treatments, and the yield was significantly higher than others. Biochar-based fertilizer also considerably affected the nitrate and Vc content of hot pepper. The nitrate content decreased by 3.9%～14.4% and the Vc content increased by 1.0%～19.3%, but had no effect on reducing sugar and free amino acid content. Compared with FP treatment, biochar-based fertilizer treatments increased the agronomic efficiency of the N and P fertilizer by 4.97～13.93 and 8.49～26.41 kg·kg~(-1), the agronomic efficiency of K fertiliaer of BCF1, BCF2 and BCF3 increased by 3.12～8.32 kg·kg~(-1), among which the BCF1 treatment was the highest. The N, P and K fertilizer apparent utilization rate was increased by 24.11～43.90%, 2.63～7.76% and 7.50～44.60%, respectively. The REN and REK of BCF2 treatment were highest, which were 55.0% and 74.1%, respectively, and the REP of BCF1 and BCF2 treatment was both the highest 10.3%. The application of biochar-based fertilizer improved pure income by 22.1%～74.8% compared with FP treatment, with highest being situated in BCF2 treatment. Compared with FP treatment, the net income of hot pepper after application of biochar-based fertilizer increased by 19.4% to 74.8%, and BCF2 was the best. In conclusion, 2 167.5 kg·hm~(-2) was the optimal applied rate of biochar-based fertilizer, of which the treatment obtained the best biological effects and economic benefits and could be recommended in the production of hot pepper in Guizhou. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar-based fertilizer in the high-yielding cultivation of hot pepper in yellow soil of Guizhou province.
引文
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[2] 肖敏,常志州,石祖梁,李想.秸秆过剩原因解析及对秸秆利用途径的思考[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(5):106-114
[3] 中国人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.国家发展改革委办公厅、农业部办公厅联合印发《关于编制“十三五”秸秆综合利用实施方案的指导意见》 [DB/OL].(2016-11-24)[2018-01-24].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161207_829417.html
[4] 陈温福,张伟明,孟军.农用生物炭研究进展与前景[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(16):3324-3333
[5] 孔丝纺,姚兴成,张江勇,姚晓东,曾辉.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(4):716-723
[6] 李大伟.生物质炭基肥对番茄和辣椒产量、品质和氮素农学利用率的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015
[7] 赵欢,张萌,秦松,安江勇,王正银,肖厚军.贵州黄壤小白菜生长、品质、光合特性及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1320-1327
[8] 李艳梅,张兴昌,廖上强,杨俊刚,张琳,孙焱鑫.生物炭基肥增效技术与制备工艺研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):1-14
[9] 陈琳,乔志刚,李恋卿,潘根兴.施用生物质炭基肥对水稻产量及氮素利用的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(5):671-675
[10] 康日峰,张乃明,史静,包立,张传光.生物炭基肥料对小麦生长、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(6):33-38
[11] 刘文秀.生物炭基肥料对玉米和菠菜生长的影响研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016
[12] 付嘉英,乔志刚,郑金伟,李恋卿,潘根兴,刘福礼,张旭辉,郑聚峰,王家芳,俞欣妍.不同炭基肥料对小白菜硝酸盐含量、产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(34):162-165
[13] 王育红,肖辉,程文娟,王立艳,潘洁,高贤彪.炭基肥对设施土壤肥力、番茄产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):390-392
[14] 焦瑞枣,任少勇,王姣,魏翠果,蒙美莲,陈有君.炭基肥对马铃薯田土壤容重、孔隙度和养分的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):231-238
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[16] 张萌,肖厚军,赵欢,安江勇,秦松,芶久兰,胡岗.贵州黄壤区辣椒干物质、氮素积累与分配及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):2983-2990
[17] 李凯旭,鲁剑巍,鲁明星,徐维明,王振,彭文勇,李小坤.不同专用配方肥对水稻产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(1):100-107
[18] 杨劲峰,江彤,韩晓日,李丹,张春芳,王月,黄玉茜.连续施用炭基肥对花生土壤性质和产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(3):68-73
[19] 武春成,李天来,曹霞,张勇勇,杨丽娟.添加生物炭对连作营养基质理化性质及黄瓜生长的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(8):1534-1539
[20] 高海英.一种生物炭基氮肥的特征及其对土壤作物的效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012
[21] 张旭辉,李治玲,李勇,王洋清.施用生物炭对西南地区紫色土和黄壤的作用效果[J].草业学报,2017,26(4):63-72
[22] 廖上强,陈延华,李艳梅,张琳,孙焱鑫.生物炭基尿素对芹菜产量、品质及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(5):443-448
[23] Khan M A,Kim K W,Wang M Z,Lim B K,Lee W H,Lee J Y.Nutrient-impregnated charcoal:An environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer[J].Environmentalist,2008,28(3):231-236
[24] 乔志刚,付嘉英,郑金伟,李恋卿,潘根兴.不同炭基肥对青椒生长、品质和氮素农学利用率的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):174-179
[25] 赵婉伊,徐卫红,王崇力,王卫中,陈永勤,迟荪琳,陈序根,秦余丽,王正银.脲酶-硝化抑制剂缓释肥对不同土壤氮素释放特性及黄瓜NPK吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):250-257
[26] 王洪媛,盖霞普,翟丽梅,刘宏斌.生物炭对土壤氮循环的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):5998-6011
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