橡胶树叶片氮素营养特性及其对施氮量的响应
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摘要
以2 a橡胶树幼树为种植对象,采用单因素随机区组设计田间试验,设置3种施氮水平处理(低氮28 g/株、中氮56 g/株和高氮84 g/株),动态监测降雨量、日均气温、成熟叶氮含量、叶绿素含量等指标,各参数进行回归分析及相关分析。结果表明:①橡胶树叶片氮含量在周年生长期内整体呈下降趋势;不同施氮水平之间叶片氮含量差异不显著;②叶片叶绿素含量具有明显的季节变化特征,全年呈多峰型曲线波动;不同施氮水平间叶绿素含量差异不显著;③相关分析表明,叶片叶绿素含量与氮含量呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05);叶片氮含量与日均温度及降雨量均表现出正相关关系,其中与日均温度呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与降雨量呈显著相关(P<0.05);叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及叶绿素总量均与日均温度和降雨量表现出极显著正相关(P<0.01);叶绿素a/b周年平均值和施氮量之间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),随着施氮量的增加叶绿素a/b降低。施用氮肥后叶片氮素和叶绿素含量均出现明显增加的趋势,叶绿素含量一定程度上反映了橡胶树叶片氮营养状况,但受到季节和气候等因素的影响。
Rubber tree saplings planted after 2 years were used as the planting material, and a single-factor randomized block design field experiment was conducted to set three treatments with different nitrogen levels(low nitrogen 28 g/plant, medium nitrogen 56 g/plant and high nitrogen 84 g/plant). The parameters of rainfall, daily average temperature,nitrogen content of mature leaves, chlorophyll content and other indicators were dynamically observed for regression analysis and correlation analysis. The nitrogen content of rubber tree leaves showed a decline trend during the annual growth cycle. The difference of nitrogen contents in the leaves between different treatments was not significant. The dynamic change of chlorophyll content in the leaves had obvious seasonal variations, and several peaks were observed throughout the growth cycle. There was no significant chlorophyll content difference between different nitrogen levels.The results of correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content and total nitrogen content were positively correlated(P<0.05). The nitrogen contents in the leaves was positively correlated with rainfall and temperature, and its correlation with temperature was extremely significant(P<0.01) while its correlation with rainfall was significant(P<0.05). Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll content were all extremely correlated with rainfall and temperature(P<0.01).Chlorophyll a/b ratio was extremely negatively correlated with N application rate, and a decrease in chlorophyll a/b ratio was observed with an increase in N rate. Obvious increment of N content in rubber leaves were found after N fertilizer application. Chlorophyll content could be regarded as an indicator revealing N status of rubber leaves to some degree.However, season and climate factors should be considered together.
Rubber tree saplings planted after 2 years were used as the planting material, and a single-factor randomized block design field experiment was conducted to set three treatments with different nitrogen levels(low nitrogen 28 g/plant, medium nitrogen 56 g/plant and high nitrogen 84 g/plant). The parameters of rainfall, daily average temperature,nitrogen content of mature leaves, chlorophyll content and other indicators were dynamically observed for regression analysis and correlation analysis. The nitrogen content of rubber tree leaves showed a decline trend during the annual growth cycle. The difference of nitrogen contents in the leaves between different treatments was not significant. The dynamic change of chlorophyll content in the leaves had obvious seasonal variations, and several peaks were observed throughout the growth cycle. There was no significant chlorophyll content difference between different nitrogen levels.The results of correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content and total nitrogen content were positively correlated(P<0.05). The nitrogen contents in the leaves was positively correlated with rainfall and temperature, and its correlation with temperature was extremely significant(P<0.01) while its correlation with rainfall was significant(P<0.05). Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll content were all extremely correlated with rainfall and temperature(P<0.01).Chlorophyll a/b ratio was extremely negatively correlated with N application rate, and a decrease in chlorophyll a/b ratio was observed with an increase in N rate. Obvious increment of N content in rubber leaves were found after N fertilizer application. Chlorophyll content could be regarded as an indicator revealing N status of rubber leaves to some degree.However, season and climate factors should be considered together.
引文
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[3]王文斌,郭海超,罗雪华,等.应用15N尿素研究氮素在幼龄橡胶树中吸收和分配特性[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(1):7-10.
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[6]刘小勇,王发林,张坤,等.两个苹果品种不同枝类叶营养含量年周期变化及营养诊断方法研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):481-489.
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[10]吴家胜,应叶青,曹福亮,等.施氮对银杏叶产量及黄酮含量的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2002,19(4):372-375.
[11]周珺,林位夫,王军,等.低N胁迫下巴西橡胶实生苗叶片SPAD值、N素营养及农艺性状的变化[J].亚热带植物科学,2010,39(1):29-33.
[12]陆行正,何向东,吴小平.海南省主要胶园土壤配比施肥对胶树生长的影响--橡胶小苗盆栽试验报告[J].热带农业科学,1990,10(4):14-18.
[13]张宪政.植物叶绿素含量测定--丙酮乙醇混合液法[J].辽宁农业科学,1986(3):28-30.
[14]贝美容,罗雪华,杨红竹.AA3型连续流动分析仪(CFA)同时测定橡胶叶全氮、全磷、全钾的方法研究[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(7):1258-1264.
[15]Vitousek P M,Howarth R W.Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:how can it occur[J].Biogeochemistry,1991,13(2):87-115.
[16]史作民,唐敬超,程瑞梅,等.植物叶片氮分配及其影响因子研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5909-5919.
[17]朱海峰,马建江,刘艳,等.不同产量库尔勒香梨叶片矿质元素含量年动态变化研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017(3):66-73.
[18]陈倩,丁宁,彭玲,等.供氮水平对矮化苹果15N-尿素吸收、利用、损失及产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2247-2253.
[19]陆行正,何向东.橡胶树的营养诊断指导施肥[J].热带作物学报,1982,3(1):27-39.
[20]Kitajima K,Hogan K P.Increases of chlorophyll a/b ratios during acclimation of tropical woody seedlings to nitrogen limitation and high light[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2003,26:857.
[21]Li J W,Yang J P,Fei P P,et al.Responses of rice leaf thickness,SPAD readings and chlorophyll a/b ratios to different nitrogen supply rates in paddy field[J].Field Crops Research,2009,114(3):426-432.
[22]Guo X,Wang R Q,Chang R Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Acer truncatum seedlings[J].Dendrobiology,2014,72:151-161.
[23]Lovelock C E,Feller I C,Mckee K L,et al.The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth,photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá[J].Functional Ecology,2004,18(1):25-33.
[24]Elvir J A,Wiersma G B,Day M E,et al.Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on foliar chemistry and physiological processes of forest trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2006,221(1-3):207-214.
[25]Ji D H,Mao Q Z,Watanabe Y,et al.Effect of nitrogen loading on the growth and photosynthetic responses of Japanese larch seedlings grown under different light regimes[J].Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,2015,71(3):232-238.
[26]Raese J T,Drake S R,Curry E A.Nitrogen fertilizer influences fruit quality,soil nutrients and cover crops,leaf color and nitrogen content,biennial bearing and cold hardiness of‘Golden Delicious’[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2007,30(10):1585-1604.
[27]钟小莉,马晓东,吕豪豪,等.干旱胁迫下氮素对胡杨幼苗生长及光合的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2777-2786.
[28]彭礼琼,金则新,王强.模拟氮沉降对夏蜡梅幼苗生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):989-995.
[29]李娟,安锋,林位夫,等.不同氮磷钾肥用量对五指毛桃叶绿素含量的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):193-200.
[2]赵春梅,蒋菊生,曹建华.橡胶林氮素研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2009,29(3):44-50.
[3]王文斌,郭海超,罗雪华,等.应用15N尿素研究氮素在幼龄橡胶树中吸收和分配特性[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(1):7-10.
[4]何向东,吴小平.海南垦区胶园肥力演变探研[J].热带农业科学,2002,22(1):16-22.
[5]李晶,姜远茂,魏绍冲,等.不同施氮水平苹果矮化中间砧幼树光合产物的周年分配利用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):800-806.
[6]刘小勇,王发林,张坤,等.两个苹果品种不同枝类叶营养含量年周期变化及营养诊断方法研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):481-489.
[7]李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.模拟氮沉降对三种南亚热带树苗生长和光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):876-882.
[8]孙金伟,吴家兵,任亮,等.氮添加对长白山阔叶红松林2种树木幼苗光合生理生态特征的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6777-6785.
[9]Schaberg P G,Perkins T D,Mcnulty S G.Effects of chronic low-level N additions on foliar elemental concentrations,morphology,and gas exchange of mature montane red spruce[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1997,27(10):1622-1629.
[10]吴家胜,应叶青,曹福亮,等.施氮对银杏叶产量及黄酮含量的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2002,19(4):372-375.
[11]周珺,林位夫,王军,等.低N胁迫下巴西橡胶实生苗叶片SPAD值、N素营养及农艺性状的变化[J].亚热带植物科学,2010,39(1):29-33.
[12]陆行正,何向东,吴小平.海南省主要胶园土壤配比施肥对胶树生长的影响--橡胶小苗盆栽试验报告[J].热带农业科学,1990,10(4):14-18.
[13]张宪政.植物叶绿素含量测定--丙酮乙醇混合液法[J].辽宁农业科学,1986(3):28-30.
[14]贝美容,罗雪华,杨红竹.AA3型连续流动分析仪(CFA)同时测定橡胶叶全氮、全磷、全钾的方法研究[J].热带作物学报,2011,32(7):1258-1264.
[15]Vitousek P M,Howarth R W.Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:how can it occur[J].Biogeochemistry,1991,13(2):87-115.
[16]史作民,唐敬超,程瑞梅,等.植物叶片氮分配及其影响因子研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5909-5919.
[17]朱海峰,马建江,刘艳,等.不同产量库尔勒香梨叶片矿质元素含量年动态变化研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017(3):66-73.
[18]陈倩,丁宁,彭玲,等.供氮水平对矮化苹果15N-尿素吸收、利用、损失及产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2247-2253.
[19]陆行正,何向东.橡胶树的营养诊断指导施肥[J].热带作物学报,1982,3(1):27-39.
[20]Kitajima K,Hogan K P.Increases of chlorophyll a/b ratios during acclimation of tropical woody seedlings to nitrogen limitation and high light[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2003,26:857.
[21]Li J W,Yang J P,Fei P P,et al.Responses of rice leaf thickness,SPAD readings and chlorophyll a/b ratios to different nitrogen supply rates in paddy field[J].Field Crops Research,2009,114(3):426-432.
[22]Guo X,Wang R Q,Chang R Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Acer truncatum seedlings[J].Dendrobiology,2014,72:151-161.
[23]Lovelock C E,Feller I C,Mckee K L,et al.The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth,photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá[J].Functional Ecology,2004,18(1):25-33.
[24]Elvir J A,Wiersma G B,Day M E,et al.Effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on foliar chemistry and physiological processes of forest trees at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2006,221(1-3):207-214.
[25]Ji D H,Mao Q Z,Watanabe Y,et al.Effect of nitrogen loading on the growth and photosynthetic responses of Japanese larch seedlings grown under different light regimes[J].Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,2015,71(3):232-238.
[26]Raese J T,Drake S R,Curry E A.Nitrogen fertilizer influences fruit quality,soil nutrients and cover crops,leaf color and nitrogen content,biennial bearing and cold hardiness of‘Golden Delicious’[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2007,30(10):1585-1604.
[27]钟小莉,马晓东,吕豪豪,等.干旱胁迫下氮素对胡杨幼苗生长及光合的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(10):2777-2786.
[28]彭礼琼,金则新,王强.模拟氮沉降对夏蜡梅幼苗生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):989-995.
[29]李娟,安锋,林位夫,等.不同氮磷钾肥用量对五指毛桃叶绿素含量的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):193-200.