不同贮藏年限对燕麦种子活力的影响
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摘要
对采自甘肃省通渭县华家岭镇、并在甘肃农业大学牧草实训基地种子室分别贮藏了0年(收获当年)、1年、2年、4年和8年。供试白燕2号、坝莜14号、坝莜9号3个燕麦品种进行了发芽试验,研究了其萌发特性、膜透性以及幼苗生长状况,以明确燕麦种子活力随贮藏年限的变化状况,结果表明:燕麦种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗芽长和根长均随贮藏年限的增加而显著下降,种子浸提液电导率则明显上升,膜透性增大。试验当年收获的燕麦种子含水量普遍高于贮藏后的,但均显著低于安全含水量。不同燕麦品种随贮藏年限的延长其种子活力变化不尽相同。白燕2号和坝莜14号种子在贮藏4年仍有90%发芽率,活力指数在66;而坝莜9号发芽率只有60%,活力指数降为48.45。贮藏8年后燕麦种子发芽率低于40%,丧失种用价值。3个品种中,坝莜9号耐贮性最差,安全贮藏期只有2年。
In order to understand the variation of oat seed vigor with storage time and explore its safe storage period under room temperature in central Gansu,seeds of three oat varieties(Baiyan No.2,BayouNo.14 and Bayou No.9) produced in Huajialing Township,Tongwei County,stored for 0,1,2,4 and 8 years in seed room in Forage Training Base,were used for the germination experiment.Their germination characteristics,membrane permeability and seedling growth were studied.The results showed that with the increasing storage time,oat seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling shoot length and root length reduced significantly,while the conductivity of seed extract increased significantly and membrane permeability increased accordingly.The moisture content of oat seeds harvested in 2017 was higher than those stored,but all significantly lower than the safe moisture content.Different varieties had different seed vigor variation with the increasing storage period.Baiyan No.2 and Bayou No.14 had germination rate higher than 90% and vigor index higher than 66,while Bayou No.9 only gave 60% germination rate and 48.45 vigor index.After 8 years of storage,the germination rate of oat was lower than 40% and lost their seeding value.Among three varieties,Bayou No.9 had the poorest storability with only 2-year safe storage time.
In order to understand the variation of oat seed vigor with storage time and explore its safe storage period under room temperature in central Gansu,seeds of three oat varieties(Baiyan No.2,BayouNo.14 and Bayou No.9) produced in Huajialing Township,Tongwei County,stored for 0,1,2,4 and 8 years in seed room in Forage Training Base,were used for the germination experiment.Their germination characteristics,membrane permeability and seedling growth were studied.The results showed that with the increasing storage time,oat seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling shoot length and root length reduced significantly,while the conductivity of seed extract increased significantly and membrane permeability increased accordingly.The moisture content of oat seeds harvested in 2017 was higher than those stored,but all significantly lower than the safe moisture content.Different varieties had different seed vigor variation with the increasing storage period.Baiyan No.2 and Bayou No.14 had germination rate higher than 90% and vigor index higher than 66,while Bayou No.9 only gave 60% germination rate and 48.45 vigor index.After 8 years of storage,the germination rate of oat was lower than 40% and lost their seeding value.Among three varieties,Bayou No.9 had the poorest storability with only 2-year safe storage time.
引文
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[24] 黄振艳,石凤翎,高霞,等.2种不同贮藏年限牧草种子的活力和营养物质变化[J].种子,2012,31(12):5-8.
[25] 陈泉竹,毛培胜,孔令琪,等.劣变时间和温度对不同含水量燕麦种子的活力影响[J].种子,2016,35(11):31-35.
[26] 赵鹏,张轶婷,郝丽珍,等.超干处理对沙芥属蔬菜种子活力及抗氧化代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(2):334-342.
[27] 朱萍,孔令琪,李高,等.贮藏温度对不同含水量老芒麦种子生理特性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):101-108.
[28] 郑光华.种子生理学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[29] 白亚利,云岚,宋百枝.新麦草种子贮藏时间对种子活力的影响[J].种子,2015,34(8):33-38.
[30] 许如根,吕超,杨荣伟,等.大麦种子贮藏期间的生理变化及其安全贮藏年限[J].麦类作物学报,2004(2):61-64.
[31] 帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,林辰壹,艾克怕尔·吾买尔.实葶葱种子老化过程生理生化变化的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2011,34(2):125-128.
[32] 李茂柏,王慧,朴钟泽,等.杂草稻人工老化和耐储藏特性的初步研究[J].作物杂志,2010(5):30-33.
[33] 邸宏,吕婷婷,刘玲玲,等.不同人工老化法测定玉米种子耐储性的比较分析[J].玉米科学,2015,23(3):71-75.
[34] 付艺峰,李鸿雁,黄帆,等.人工老化对老芒麦种子活力和生理生化变化的影响[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(6):1360-1363.
[2] 高荣岐,张庆春.作物种子学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1997.
[3] 韩建国.实用牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1997.
[4] 龙金飞,郑清岭,杨忠仁,等.不同年限对沙芥属植物种子寿命及贮藏物质的影响[J].种子,2017,36(10):15-20.
[5] 陈云霞,赵复泉,白文斌,等.不同贮藏年限的柠条种子发芽试验研究[J].农学学报,2012,2(1):8-11.
[6] 秦源源,张桓溥,罗富成,等.自然储藏过程中纳罗克非洲狗尾草种子活力及其营养含量动态[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(15):139-14.
[7] 陈玲玲,程航,张阳阳,等.不同贮藏年限敖汉苜蓿种子活力及生理特性的研究[J].种子,2017,36(3):23-27.
[8] 张熙颖.贮藏年限及种子处理对甜瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
[9] 杨云贵,程天亮,杨雪娇,等.3个燕麦品种不同收获期对青贮饲草营养价值的影响[J].草地学报,2013,2(4):683-688.
[10] 杨海鹏,孙泽民.中国燕麦[M].北京:农业出版社,1989.
[11] 戚向阳,曹少谦,刘合生,等.不同品种燕麦的油脂组成及与其它营养物质相关性研究[J].中国食品学报,2014,14(5):63-71
[12] PekkaL,KatjaK,Ilkka L,et al.Effect of heat treatment on lipid stability in processed oats[J]Journal of Cereal Science,2003,37:215-221.
[13] 杨苗苗.裸燕麦种子老化处理对其种质资源遗传完整性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2017.
[14] 孔令琪.不同老化处理对燕麦种子生理、蛋白质及抗氧化基因的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[15] 韩亮亮,毛培胜.燕麦种子人工加速老化条件的筛选优化[J].种子,2007,26(11):31-34.
[16] 郝楠,王建华,李宏飞,等.种子活力的发展及评价方法[J].种子,2015,34(5):44-45.
[17] Mira S,EstrellesE,Gonzálezbenito M E.Effect of water content and temperature on seed longevity of seven Brassicaceae species after 5 years of storage[J].Plant Biology,2015,17(1):153-162.
[18] Mcdonald M B.Seed deterioration:physiology,repair and assessment[J].Seed Science & Technology,1999,27(1):177-237.
[19] 闫慧芳,夏方山,毛培胜.种子老化及活力修复研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):20-26.
[20] 周国栋.种子老化对老芒麦种质生理特性及遗传完整性变化的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[21] 王勇,徐春波,韩磊.不同贮藏年限老芒麦种子活力研究[J].种子,2012,31(8):14-17.
[22] 申青岭.不同贮藏年限对春小麦种子活力的影响[J].种子科技,2007(5):51.
[23] 纪亚君,刘勇.储藏时间对燕麦种子发芽力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(30):14641-14642.
[24] 黄振艳,石凤翎,高霞,等.2种不同贮藏年限牧草种子的活力和营养物质变化[J].种子,2012,31(12):5-8.
[25] 陈泉竹,毛培胜,孔令琪,等.劣变时间和温度对不同含水量燕麦种子的活力影响[J].种子,2016,35(11):31-35.
[26] 赵鹏,张轶婷,郝丽珍,等.超干处理对沙芥属蔬菜种子活力及抗氧化代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(2):334-342.
[27] 朱萍,孔令琪,李高,等.贮藏温度对不同含水量老芒麦种子生理特性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):101-108.
[28] 郑光华.种子生理学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[29] 白亚利,云岚,宋百枝.新麦草种子贮藏时间对种子活力的影响[J].种子,2015,34(8):33-38.
[30] 许如根,吕超,杨荣伟,等.大麦种子贮藏期间的生理变化及其安全贮藏年限[J].麦类作物学报,2004(2):61-64.
[31] 帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,林辰壹,艾克怕尔·吾买尔.实葶葱种子老化过程生理生化变化的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2011,34(2):125-128.
[32] 李茂柏,王慧,朴钟泽,等.杂草稻人工老化和耐储藏特性的初步研究[J].作物杂志,2010(5):30-33.
[33] 邸宏,吕婷婷,刘玲玲,等.不同人工老化法测定玉米种子耐储性的比较分析[J].玉米科学,2015,23(3):71-75.
[34] 付艺峰,李鸿雁,黄帆,等.人工老化对老芒麦种子活力和生理生化变化的影响[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(6):1360-1363.