魔芋种芋的机械损伤敏感性因素分析
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摘要
【目的】分析不同种魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)球茎的机械损伤敏感性因素,为魔芋种芋调种运输提供参考依据。【方法】测定花魔芋(A. konjac)、白魔芋(A. albus)、珠芽魔芋(A. bulbifer)、西盟魔芋(A. krausei)、疣柄魔芋(A. paeoniifolius)及红薯(Sweet potato)、马铃薯(Potato)和芋(Taro)等8种薯芋类作物球茎的耐撞击性、水含量、硬度及观察其表皮细胞形态,比较分析不同种魔芋种芋与马铃薯、红薯和芋的机械损伤敏感性因素差异。【结果】各薯芋类作物的球茎撞击损伤后27℃培养3 d,其中,花魔芋、白魔芋、珠芽魔芋和西盟魔芋球茎发病腐烂,而疣柄魔芋、红薯、马铃薯和芋的球茎无任何发病特征。花魔芋、白魔芋、珠芽魔芋和西盟魔芋球茎的水含量分别为86.73%、82.34%、80.01%和80.32%,均不同程度高于疣柄魔芋、马铃薯、红薯和芋;花魔芋、白魔芋、珠芽魔芋和西盟魔芋球茎的硬度较接近,相互间差异不显著(P>0.05),其中花魔芋球茎的硬度最低,为14.40 kg/cm~2,显著低于红薯(37.70 kg/cm~2)和芋(34.17 kg/cm~2);花魔芋、白魔芋和珠芽魔芋球茎的细胞壁较薄,容易破裂,细胞排列不规则;西盟魔芋球茎的细胞较小,但细胞壁松弛,边缘间隙不明显,支持力较弱;疣柄魔芋和芋的细胞壁较松弛且粗糙,细胞排列不规则但相对密集;红薯和马铃薯的细胞壁平滑坚挺,支持力较强。相关性分析结果表明,薯芋类作物球茎的机械损伤差异与其水含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同),与细胞大小呈正相关,与硬度呈显著负相关;水含量分别与硬度和细胞大小呈负相关和正相关;硬度与细胞大小呈负相关。【结论】水含量高、硬度小、表皮细胞壁薄且体积大是不同种魔芋球茎机械伤敏感性高的关键因素,因此在调种环节应采用有效的缓冲包装材料对种芋进行包装后再运输,以减轻魔芋种芋的机械损伤。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the key factors of mechanical damage sensitivity of different species of Amorphophallus konjac root tuber,and provide reference for the allocating and transportation of A. konjac.【Method】The impact resistance,water content and hardness of A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei,A. paeoniifolius,sweet potato,potato and taro were determined and the morphology of epidermal cells was observed,in order to compare the different sensitive factors of mechanical damage of different species of A. konjac,potato,sweet potato and taro.【Result】The bulbs of each tuble vegetable were cultured for 3 d at 27 ℃ after impact damage,A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei have decayed,while A. paeoniifolius,sweet potato,potato,taro had no pathogenic features. The water contents of A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei were 86.73%,82.34%,80.01% and 80.32%,respectively,which were higher than A. paeoniifolius,sweet potato and potato,taro. The hardness of the A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei were close to each other,and the difference between them was not significant(P>0.05),The A. konjac bulb had the lowest hardness(14.40 kg/cm~2),which was significantly lower than the sweet potato(37.70 kg/cm~2)and taro(34.17 kg/cm~2). A.konjac,A. albus and A. bulbifer had thin cell walls,they were easily broken,and the cells were irregularly arranged. A.krausei cells were small,but the cell wall was slack,the marginal gap was not obvious,and the support was weak. The cell walls of A. paeoniifolius and taro were slack and rough,and the cells were arranged irregularly but relatively dense,and the cell walls of sweet potato and potato were smooth and firm,and the support was relatively strong. The correlation ana-lysis indicated that mechanical damage sensitivity of different species of A. konjac root tuber had significantly positive correlation with water conten(tP<0.05,the same below),it had positive correlation with cell size,and had significantly negative correlation with hardness. Water content was negatively correlated with hardness and positively correlated with cell size,hardness was negatively correlated with cell size.【Conclusion】The high water content,low hardness,thin epidermal cell wall and large cell size are the key factors for the strong sensitivity of different kinds of A. konjac bulbs. A. konjac should be packaged in an efficient buffering material during the transportation of the allocating to reduce the mechanical damage to A. konjac for seeding.
【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the key factors of mechanical damage sensitivity of different species of Amorphophallus konjac root tuber,and provide reference for the allocating and transportation of A. konjac.【Method】The impact resistance,water content and hardness of A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei,A. paeoniifolius,sweet potato,potato and taro were determined and the morphology of epidermal cells was observed,in order to compare the different sensitive factors of mechanical damage of different species of A. konjac,potato,sweet potato and taro.【Result】The bulbs of each tuble vegetable were cultured for 3 d at 27 ℃ after impact damage,A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei have decayed,while A. paeoniifolius,sweet potato,potato,taro had no pathogenic features. The water contents of A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei were 86.73%,82.34%,80.01% and 80.32%,respectively,which were higher than A. paeoniifolius,sweet potato and potato,taro. The hardness of the A. konjac,A. albus,A. bulbifer,A. krausei were close to each other,and the difference between them was not significant(P>0.05),The A. konjac bulb had the lowest hardness(14.40 kg/cm~2),which was significantly lower than the sweet potato(37.70 kg/cm~2)and taro(34.17 kg/cm~2). A.konjac,A. albus and A. bulbifer had thin cell walls,they were easily broken,and the cells were irregularly arranged. A.krausei cells were small,but the cell wall was slack,the marginal gap was not obvious,and the support was weak. The cell walls of A. paeoniifolius and taro were slack and rough,and the cells were arranged irregularly but relatively dense,and the cell walls of sweet potato and potato were smooth and firm,and the support was relatively strong. The correlation ana-lysis indicated that mechanical damage sensitivity of different species of A. konjac root tuber had significantly positive correlation with water conten(tP<0.05,the same below),it had positive correlation with cell size,and had significantly negative correlation with hardness. Water content was negatively correlated with hardness and positively correlated with cell size,hardness was negatively correlated with cell size.【Conclusion】The high water content,low hardness,thin epidermal cell wall and large cell size are the key factors for the strong sensitivity of different kinds of A. konjac bulbs. A. konjac should be packaged in an efficient buffering material during the transportation of the allocating to reduce the mechanical damage to A. konjac for seeding.
引文
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黄远洁,李卫东,孟春梅,成晓静,莫肖敏.2017.胖大海三种扫描电镜制样方法的观察比较[J].电子显微学报,36(1):76-79.[Huang Y J,Li W D,Meng C M,Cheng X J,Mo X M.2017.Observation and comparison of the semen sterculiae Lychnophera prepared by 3 kinds of scanning electron microscope methods[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,36(1):76-79.]
李川.2006.白魔芋种子发芽过程中的生理生化研究[D].重庆:西南大学.[Li C.2006.Phyciological and biochemical research in the germinating process of A.albus seeds[D].Chongqing:Southwest University.]
梁艳丽,李建,岩对,吴诗斌,罗成进,岩罕龙,谢庆华,谢世清,赵庆云.2010.橡胶树与魔芋间作对魔芋净光合速率及产量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,(24):35-38.[Liang Y L,Li J,Yan D,Wu S B,Luo C J,Yan H L,Xie Q H,Xie SQ,Zhao Q Y.2010.Effects of konjac intercropped in rubber plantation on net photosynthetic rate and yield[J].Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(24):35-38.]
林婷婷,宁梅红,王任翔,邵文.2018.瘤足蕨科及其近缘类群植物叶表皮微形态扫描电镜观察[J].广西植物,38(2):233-240.[Lin T T,Ning M H,Wang R X,Shao W.2018.Micromorphology of leaf epidermis in Plagiogyriaceae and its related taxa under SEM[J].Guihaia,38(2):233-240.]
刘佩瑛.2004.魔芋学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Liu PY.2004.Konjac[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press.]
马军妮,何斐,张忠良,崔鸣,李建国,薛泉宏.2016.魔芋球茎药剂消毒效果研究[J].陕西农业科学,62(8):53-56.[Ma J N,He P,Zhang Z L,Cui M,Li J G,Xue Q H.2016.Study on disinfection effect of konjac bulbs[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,62(8):53-56.]
孟凡冰,蒋勇,熊家艳,张仁龙,张晨曦,钟耕.2016.疣柄魔芋淀粉理化及功能性质研究[J].中国粮油学报,31(4):41-46.[Meng F B,Jiang Y,Xiong J Y,Zhang R L,Zhang C X,Zhong G.2016.The study on physicochemical and functional properties of Elephant yam Starch[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,31(4):41-46.]
苏晶.2011.采后苹果果实机械伤诱导的抗病性机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.[Su J.2011.The mechanisms of wound-inducde resistance in apple fruit after harvest[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University.]
潘程.2012.花魔芋微卫星标记开发及魔芋属植物遗传结构研究[D].武汉:武汉大学.[Pan C.2012.The development of microsatellite loci in Amorphophallus konjac and genetic structure in Amorphophallus[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University.]
司玉芹,郑红玲,张秀荣.2006.魔芋软腐病的综合防治[J].中国农村科技,(11):17.[Si Y Q,Zheng H L,Zhang XR.2006.Integrated control of konjac soft rot[J].China Rural Science&Technology,(11):17.]
王晓娥,张春辉,卢美欢,王建明,王国军,陈浩.2017.不同质量的魔芋球茎及药剂处理对魔芋软腐病田间控病保苗效果研究[J].农业科技通讯,(12):173-176.[Wang XE,Zhang C H,Lu M H,Wang J M,Wang G J,Chen H.2017.Study on the effects of different quality konjac bulbs and chemicals on the control of konjac soft rot in the field[J].Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology,(12):173-176.]
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