保水剂和氮肥混施对沿海沙地3个竹种抗性生理及叶绿素荧光特性的影响
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摘要
以勃氏甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii)、花吊丝竹(Dendrocalamus minor)和大头典竹(Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana)3个竹种为试验材料,研究不同用量保水剂与氮肥混施对竹子叶片抗性生理和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:(1)保水剂和氮肥混施减缓了3个竹种叶片叶绿素含量的下降,增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,减少了丙二醛(MDA)含量和电解质渗透率的上升;(2)在一定用量保水剂和氮肥处理下,3个竹种能够提高最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN),但不同处理间差异不显著;(3)不同用量保水剂和氮肥混施处理对3个竹种抗性生理与叶绿素荧光特性的影响存在差异,主成分分析法表明勃氏甜龙竹和花吊丝竹最佳处理为30 g·丛~(-1)保水剂和200 g·丛~(-1)氮肥混施,大头典竹最佳处理为60 g·丛~(-1)保水剂和400 g·丛~(-1)氮肥混施,勃氏甜龙竹和花吊丝竹在较低用量的保水剂和氮肥混施处理下就能够达到明显的效果.
Dendrocalamus brandisii, Dendrocalamus minor and Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana were used to study the effects of super absorbent polymers(SAP) and nitrogen(N) fertilizer mixture on the resistance physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of bamboo leaves. The results showed that compared with the control, SAP and N fertilizer mixture alleviated the loss of leaf chlorophyll content, strengthened superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) activities, increased soluble sugar and soluble protein contents, and slowed down the increase of malondialdehyde(MDA) content and electrolyte permeability of 3 bamboo species. Under a certain dosage of SAP, the primary energy conversion efficiency(F_v/F_m), PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)), coefficient of photochemical quenching(qP) and non photochemical quenching(qN) increased, but no significant differences occurred between different treatments. Resistance physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence varied among different dosages of SAP and N fertilizer mixture. Referring to principal component analysis, the optimum dosage for D.brandisii was 30 g SAP and 200 g N fertilizer per bundle while it was 60 g SAP and 400 g N fertilizer for every buddle D.beecheyana. Mixture was able to facilitae growths of D.brandisii and D.minor under low dowsage.
Dendrocalamus brandisii, Dendrocalamus minor and Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana were used to study the effects of super absorbent polymers(SAP) and nitrogen(N) fertilizer mixture on the resistance physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of bamboo leaves. The results showed that compared with the control, SAP and N fertilizer mixture alleviated the loss of leaf chlorophyll content, strengthened superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) activities, increased soluble sugar and soluble protein contents, and slowed down the increase of malondialdehyde(MDA) content and electrolyte permeability of 3 bamboo species. Under a certain dosage of SAP, the primary energy conversion efficiency(F_v/F_m), PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)), coefficient of photochemical quenching(qP) and non photochemical quenching(qN) increased, but no significant differences occurred between different treatments. Resistance physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence varied among different dosages of SAP and N fertilizer mixture. Referring to principal component analysis, the optimum dosage for D.brandisii was 30 g SAP and 200 g N fertilizer per bundle while it was 60 g SAP and 400 g N fertilizer for every buddle D.beecheyana. Mixture was able to facilitae growths of D.brandisii and D.minor under low dowsage.
引文
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[23] 刘青青,马祥庆,黄智军,等.不同光质对木荷、杉木幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(3):869-876.
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[26] 王萍,张希吏,石磊.干旱胁迫下沙芥幼苗叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):159-163.
[27] 李强,罗延宏,余东海,等.低氮胁迫对耐低氮玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1 132-1 141.
[2] HUTTERMANN A,ZOMMORODI M,REISE K.Addition of hydrogels to soil for prolonging the survival of Pinus halepensis seedling subjected to drought[J].Soil & Tillage Research,1999,50(4):295-304.
[3] HAILIN M A,LIU F,BINGYAO M A.Effects of super-absorbent polymer on the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil and drought resistance of Platycladus orientalis container seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Applied & Envrionmental Biology,2016,22(1):43-48.
[4] 杨永辉,武继承,吴普特,等.保水剂用量对小麦不同生育期根系生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):73-78.
[5] 苟春林,王新爱,李永胜,等.保水剂与氮肥的相互影响及节水保肥效果[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(19):4 015-4 021.
[6] MAHDAVINIA G R,POURJAVADIA A,HOSSEINZADEH H,et al.Modified chitosan 4 superabsorbent hydrogels from poly (aerylieaeid acid-co-acrylamide) grafted ehitosan with salt- and PH-responsiveness properties[J].European Polymer Journal,2004,40(7):1 399-1 407.
[7] 李晶晶,白岗栓.保水剂在水土保持中的应用及研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(1):114-120.
[8] 陈羡德,陈礼光,荣俊冬,等.施肥对沿海沙地麻竹笋期叶片养分动态的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2007,36(6):585-590.
[9] 苏金德.闽南滨海沙地丛生竹造林技术研究[J].防护林科技,2001(2):4-5.
[10] 章桂芝.沿海沙地竹林施肥效应与经营管理措施研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[11] 裴宗平,余莉琳,汪云甲,等.4种干旱区生态修复植物的苗期抗旱性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):204-208.
[12] HSIAO T C.Plant responses to water stress[J].Annual Review of Plant Physical,1973,24:519-570.
[13] 邵怡若,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫时间对4种幼苗生理生化及光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(14):4 237-4 247.
[14] 王东清,李国旗,苏德喜.干旱胁迫对两种罗布麻渗透调节物质积累和保护酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境.2012,26(12):177-181.
[15] 孙映波,尤毅,朱根发,等.干旱胁迫对文心兰抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1 675-1 680.
[16] 马彦茹,吴湘琳,葛春辉.干旱胁迫条件下施用保水剂对棉花植株生理生化的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(2):277-282.
[17] 肖姣娣.3种刺篱植物对干旱胁迫的生理生化响应[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(7):155-160.
[18] 杨杰,曹昀,王秀文,等.保水剂对高羊茅种子萌发及幼苗生理的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):351-356.
[19] 刘煜宇,马焕成,黄金义.保水剂与肥料交互作用对石楠抗旱效应的影响[J].西南林学院学报,2005,25(3):10-13.
[20] 时丽冉,刘志华.干旱胁迫对苣荬菜抗氧化酶和渗透调节物质的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(5):673-677.
[21] 高凤文,罗盛国,姜佰文.保水剂对土壤蒸发及玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,36(1):11-14.
[22] 赖金莉,陈剑成,陈凌艳,等.凹叶厚朴和无患子光响应特征与叶绿素荧光参数的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(2):174-180.
[23] 刘青青,马祥庆,黄智军,等.不同光质对木荷、杉木幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(3):869-876.
[24] DEMMIG B.Comparison of the effect of excessive light on chlorophyll fluorescence (77K) and photon yield of O2 evolution in leaves of higher plants[J].Planta,1987,171(2):171-184.
[25] 温国胜,田海涛,张明如.叶绿素荧光分析技术在林木培育中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1 973-1 977.
[26] 王萍,张希吏,石磊.干旱胁迫下沙芥幼苗叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):159-163.
[27] 李强,罗延宏,余东海,等.低氮胁迫对耐低氮玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1 132-1 141.