湖南省栎类天然次生林胸径地位指数表研制
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摘要
为了对湖南省栎类天然次生林的立地质量进行准确的分析与评价,编制了湖南栎类天然次生林胸径地位指数表。以湖南省国家森林资源连续清查(1989—2014年,共6期)复查结果中以栎类为优势树种的146个样地的399组胸径-年龄数据为建模样本,首先拟合各种胸径生长方程,根据决定系数(R~2)、残差平方和(SSE)以及均方根误差(RMSE)确定最优导向曲线方程;然后,根据胸径变动系数随年龄变化趋于平缓时的年龄作为基准年龄,根据基准年龄时胸径的绝对变动幅度以及指数级个数的比值确定指数级距(C);最后利用标准差调整法、变动系数调整法以及相对胸径法分别编制湖南栎类天然次生林胸径地位指数表。结果表明:通过对7个常用的数学模型进行胸径生长方程的拟合,最后选定逻辑斯蒂方程作为最优导向曲线方程,选择基准年龄为40 a,指数级距为3 cm,编制了湖南栎类天然次生林胸径地位指数表。根据样本胸径理论值和实际值进行卡方检验的结果以及同一个样地的地位指数跳级情况,判别地位指数表的准确程度。检验结果表明,3种方法中相对胸径法编制的地位指数表精度最高,其卡方检验值低于临界值,同时验证样地的地位指数有跳级现象的样本数占总样本数23.6%,并且只是上下各跳一级,说明所编的地位指数表具有较高的准确性,可用于湖南省栎类天然次生林的立地质量评价。
In order to accurately analyze and evaluate the site quality of natural secondary oak forest in Hunan Province,China,a diameter at breast height( DBH) site index table of natural secondary oak forest in Hunan Province was compiled. Based on a continuous review of the national forest resources in Hunan Province from 1989 to 2014,a total of 399 pairs of DBH-age data from146 plots dominated by oak species were used as modeling samples. First,the growth equations for DBH were fitted. The optimal guiding curve equation was determined by the coefficient of determination( R~2),the sum of squares due to error( SSE),and the root mean squared error( RMSE). Then,the datum age was calculated according to the age at which the variation coefficient of the DBH tended to vary little with age. The exponential distance was determined according to the ratio of the absolute variable range of the DBH at the datum age to the exponential number. Finally,the DBH site index tables for natural secondary oak forests in Hunan Province were compiled using the standard deviation adjustment method,the coefficient of variation adjustment method,and the relative DBH method. The results showed that the growth equation for DBH could be fitted by seven commonly used mathematical models. The logistic equation was selected as the optimal guiding curve equation. The datum age was 40,and the exponential distance was 3 cm. The standard deviation adjustment method was used to compile the DBH site index table for natural secondary oak forest in Hunan. The accuracy of the DBH site index table was determined from the results of a chi-square test of the theoretical values and the actual values for the DBH sample and whether there was an advanced placement of the status index at the same sample site. The test results showed that the site index table compiled by the relative DBH method was the most accurate. Its chi-square test value was lower than the critical value,and the number of samples that showed a jump phenomenon for the site index in the sample plot accounted for 23.6% of the total number of samples. Furthermore,the samples showing a jumping phenomenon were only found at the upper and lower ends of the ranges. These results show that the compiled status index table is highly accurate and can be used in the site quality evaluation of natural secondary oak forest in Hunan Province.
In order to accurately analyze and evaluate the site quality of natural secondary oak forest in Hunan Province,China,a diameter at breast height( DBH) site index table of natural secondary oak forest in Hunan Province was compiled. Based on a continuous review of the national forest resources in Hunan Province from 1989 to 2014,a total of 399 pairs of DBH-age data from146 plots dominated by oak species were used as modeling samples. First,the growth equations for DBH were fitted. The optimal guiding curve equation was determined by the coefficient of determination( R~2),the sum of squares due to error( SSE),and the root mean squared error( RMSE). Then,the datum age was calculated according to the age at which the variation coefficient of the DBH tended to vary little with age. The exponential distance was determined according to the ratio of the absolute variable range of the DBH at the datum age to the exponential number. Finally,the DBH site index tables for natural secondary oak forests in Hunan Province were compiled using the standard deviation adjustment method,the coefficient of variation adjustment method,and the relative DBH method. The results showed that the growth equation for DBH could be fitted by seven commonly used mathematical models. The logistic equation was selected as the optimal guiding curve equation. The datum age was 40,and the exponential distance was 3 cm. The standard deviation adjustment method was used to compile the DBH site index table for natural secondary oak forest in Hunan. The accuracy of the DBH site index table was determined from the results of a chi-square test of the theoretical values and the actual values for the DBH sample and whether there was an advanced placement of the status index at the same sample site. The test results showed that the site index table compiled by the relative DBH method was the most accurate. Its chi-square test value was lower than the critical value,and the number of samples that showed a jump phenomenon for the site index in the sample plot accounted for 23.6% of the total number of samples. Furthermore,the samples showing a jumping phenomenon were only found at the upper and lower ends of the ranges. These results show that the compiled status index table is highly accurate and can be used in the site quality evaluation of natural secondary oak forest in Hunan Province.
引文
[1]祝维,张西,贾黎明.伏牛山地区栓皮栎天然次生林地位指数表的编制[J].东北林业大学学报,2017,45(12):32-37.
[2]胡芳名,李建安.湖南省栎类资源开发利用研究[J].经济林研究,1999,17(2):1-5.
[3]王敬贤.我国栎类资源利用技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].防护林科技,2017(4):72-74.
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[6]黄国胜,马炜,王雪军,等.基于一类清查数据的福建省立地质量评价技术[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):1-8.
[7]孟宪宇,陈东来.山杨次生林地位指数表编制方法的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(3):47-51.
[8]张瑜,贾黎明,郑聪慧,等.秦岭地区栓皮栎天然次生林地位指数表的编制[J].林业科学,2014,50(4):47-54.
[9]翟文元,许玉婷,夏泰英,等.山东省107-杨树地位指数表的编制[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(2):227-231.
[10]杨传强,李士美,孔雨光,等.山东省松类人工林立地指数表的编制与应用[J].林业资源管理,2018(2):43-47,118.
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[12]吴恒.秦岭林区松栎混交林立地质量评价[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[13]王艳辉,曾思齐,王伟,等.马尾松次生林地位指数表的编制[J].内蒙古林业科技,2007,33(3):17-20.
[14]LEI X D,PENG C H,WANG H Y,et al.Individual height-diameter models for young black spruce(Picea mariana)and jack pine(Pinus banksiana)plantations in New Brunswick,Canada[J].The Forestry Chronicle,2009,85(1):43-56.
[15]SHARMA M,PARTON J.Height-diameter equations for boreal tree species in Ontario using a mixed-effects modeling approach[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,249(3):187-198.
[16]胡芳名,李建安,李若婷.湖南省主要橡子资源综合开发利用的研究[J].中南林学院学报,2000,20(4):41-45,95.
[17]龙时胜,曾思齐,甘世书,等.基于林木多期直径测定数据的异龄林年龄估计方法[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):1-8.
[18]孟宪宇.测树学[M].3版.北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[19]张咏祀.标准差法在森林立地质量评价中的应用:用标准差法编制恩施州马尾松人工林地位指数表[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(4):348-351.
[20]陶吉兴,唐明荣.常规立地指数表的误差来源与分析[J].浙江林学院学报,1990,7(4):391-395.
[21]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京低山地区油松人工林立地指数表的编制及应用[J].林业科学,2009,45(3):7-12.
[22]郑聪慧,贾黎明,段劼,等.华北地区栓皮栎天然次生林地位指数表的编制[J].林业科学,2013,49(2):79-85.
[23]施灵栋.规划设计调查数据在林分生长模型中的应用初探[J].华东森林经理,2006,20(2):14-16.
[24]李海奎,法蕾.基于分级的全国主要树种树高-胸径曲线模型[J].林业科学,2011,47(10):83-90.
[25]赵俊卉,刘燕,张慧东,等.长白山天然林不同树种树高曲线对比研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2009,26(6):865-869.
[26]袁晓红,李际平.杉木人工林南北坡向树高-胸径生长曲线研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(2):180-183.
[27]朱光玉,罗小浪.湖南栎类天然混交林优势木树高曲线哑变量模型研究[J].林业资源管理,2017(4):22-29.
[28]马炜,孙玉军.长白落叶松人工林立地指数表和胸径地位级表的编制[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(12):21-25,38.
[29]SABATIA C O,BURKHART H E.Predicting site index of plantation loblolly pine from biophysical variables[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,326:142-156.
[30]YUE C F,MAKINEN H,KLADTKE J,et al.An approach to assessing site index changes of Norway spruce based on spatially and temporally disjunct measurement series[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,323:10-19.
[2]胡芳名,李建安.湖南省栎类资源开发利用研究[J].经济林研究,1999,17(2):1-5.
[3]王敬贤.我国栎类资源利用技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].防护林科技,2017(4):72-74.
[4]EVERETT C J,THORP J H.Site quality evaluation of loblolly pine on the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain,USA[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2008,19(3):187-192.
[5]吴恒,党坤良,田相林,等.秦岭林区天然次生林与人工林立地质量评价[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):78-88.
[6]黄国胜,马炜,王雪军,等.基于一类清查数据的福建省立地质量评价技术[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):1-8.
[7]孟宪宇,陈东来.山杨次生林地位指数表编制方法的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(3):47-51.
[8]张瑜,贾黎明,郑聪慧,等.秦岭地区栓皮栎天然次生林地位指数表的编制[J].林业科学,2014,50(4):47-54.
[9]翟文元,许玉婷,夏泰英,等.山东省107-杨树地位指数表的编制[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(2):227-231.
[10]杨传强,李士美,孔雨光,等.山东省松类人工林立地指数表的编制与应用[J].林业资源管理,2018(2):43-47,118.
[11]郭小阳.秦岭中段南坡松栎混交林立地分类及评价[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[12]吴恒.秦岭林区松栎混交林立地质量评价[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[13]王艳辉,曾思齐,王伟,等.马尾松次生林地位指数表的编制[J].内蒙古林业科技,2007,33(3):17-20.
[14]LEI X D,PENG C H,WANG H Y,et al.Individual height-diameter models for young black spruce(Picea mariana)and jack pine(Pinus banksiana)plantations in New Brunswick,Canada[J].The Forestry Chronicle,2009,85(1):43-56.
[15]SHARMA M,PARTON J.Height-diameter equations for boreal tree species in Ontario using a mixed-effects modeling approach[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,249(3):187-198.
[16]胡芳名,李建安,李若婷.湖南省主要橡子资源综合开发利用的研究[J].中南林学院学报,2000,20(4):41-45,95.
[17]龙时胜,曾思齐,甘世书,等.基于林木多期直径测定数据的异龄林年龄估计方法[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):1-8.
[18]孟宪宇.测树学[M].3版.北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[19]张咏祀.标准差法在森林立地质量评价中的应用:用标准差法编制恩施州马尾松人工林地位指数表[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(4):348-351.
[20]陶吉兴,唐明荣.常规立地指数表的误差来源与分析[J].浙江林学院学报,1990,7(4):391-395.
[21]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.北京低山地区油松人工林立地指数表的编制及应用[J].林业科学,2009,45(3):7-12.
[22]郑聪慧,贾黎明,段劼,等.华北地区栓皮栎天然次生林地位指数表的编制[J].林业科学,2013,49(2):79-85.
[23]施灵栋.规划设计调查数据在林分生长模型中的应用初探[J].华东森林经理,2006,20(2):14-16.
[24]李海奎,法蕾.基于分级的全国主要树种树高-胸径曲线模型[J].林业科学,2011,47(10):83-90.
[25]赵俊卉,刘燕,张慧东,等.长白山天然林不同树种树高曲线对比研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2009,26(6):865-869.
[26]袁晓红,李际平.杉木人工林南北坡向树高-胸径生长曲线研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(2):180-183.
[27]朱光玉,罗小浪.湖南栎类天然混交林优势木树高曲线哑变量模型研究[J].林业资源管理,2017(4):22-29.
[28]马炜,孙玉军.长白落叶松人工林立地指数表和胸径地位级表的编制[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(12):21-25,38.
[29]SABATIA C O,BURKHART H E.Predicting site index of plantation loblolly pine from biophysical variables[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,326:142-156.
[30]YUE C F,MAKINEN H,KLADTKE J,et al.An approach to assessing site index changes of Norway spruce based on spatially and temporally disjunct measurement series[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,323:10-19.