当代希腊剧作法:现代剧场寻根与古代神话新生
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摘要
希腊的戏剧活动在当代严峻的社会形势下依旧保持活跃。除国立剧院和私立文化机构外,独立戏剧也艰难求生。在持续全年的演出季中,有数百部作品于各色各样的戏剧空间上演。当代希腊戏剧所涉猎的主题广泛,形式多样,催生了一种新的剧作法。不同代际的剧作家们都创造性地从古代神话中汲取剧作素材,并将希腊的社会现实融入其中,试图从文化的根源寻找自我。一些剧作家使用与古代悲剧相同的题材和形式来撰写自己的作品,如尼可斯·卡赞扎基斯、安杰洛斯·斯克里亚诺斯等;另一些则对神话作了原创性的个人阐释。希腊戏剧界始终对神话这一古老的素材抱有强烈的兴趣,正是由于这些神话才直接引向了探讨人类问题的源头。
Despite the current severe social situation, Greek theatre is still active. In addition to the state houses and private cultural institutions, independent theatre is also struggling to survive.Hundreds of productions are staged in all kinds of venues in a single year-round season.Contemporary Greek theatre has a wide palette of themes and forms, giving rise to a new type of dramaturgy. Playwrights of different generations have creatively drawn their materials from the ancient myths, trying at the same time to incorporate the surrounding social atmosphere, seeking their identity from the root of the culture. Some Greek playwrights, such as Nikos Kazantzakis and Angelos Sikelianos, write their own plays following the model of ancient tragedy and working with the same materials. Others offer their original and personal interpretations of the myths. It is because myths lead directly to the archetypical questions of humankind that the Greek theatre community always has great interest in such ancient materials.
Despite the current severe social situation, Greek theatre is still active. In addition to the state houses and private cultural institutions, independent theatre is also struggling to survive.Hundreds of productions are staged in all kinds of venues in a single year-round season.Contemporary Greek theatre has a wide palette of themes and forms, giving rise to a new type of dramaturgy. Playwrights of different generations have creatively drawn their materials from the ancient myths, trying at the same time to incorporate the surrounding social atmosphere, seeking their identity from the root of the culture. Some Greek playwrights, such as Nikos Kazantzakis and Angelos Sikelianos, write their own plays following the model of ancient tragedy and working with the same materials. Others offer their original and personal interpretations of the myths. It is because myths lead directly to the archetypical questions of humankind that the Greek theatre community always has great interest in such ancient materials.
引文
(1)“剧作法”一词原文为Dramaturgy,国内多译为“戏剧学”或“戏剧构作”。本文主要探讨的是当代希腊剧作家们从古代神话中汲取灵感的作品,因而据此译成“剧作法”。——译注
(1)指演员暂时退场,歌队走向前台直接向观众讲话。——译注
(1)指演员暂时退场,歌队走向前台直接向观众讲话。——译注