“人事组成的历史”:《湘行散记》地方书写中的文化记忆
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摘要
《湘行散记》从当下社会文化环境需求出发,以知识分子启蒙身份对回乡见闻做了有意识选择,运用文学书写手段对归乡经验和个体回忆进行重构,从而形成"人事组成的历史"。其通过对湘西船上水手、码头妓女、军队士兵、商铺小贩、煤矿工人及乡下中医与巫婆的描写刻画,不仅鲜明表现了在时间变迁的大力挤压下湘西经济发展与停滞、民众生活勤苦与麻木、个体生命雄强与猥琐、民俗风情古朴与愚昧的悖论式变化,而且以文学书写的形象化魅力再现了湘西地区集辰河水手、码头市民、民俗风情和民族品性等内容于一体的鲜活图景,绘就了一幅既五彩斑斓、粗犷雄强而又古朴苍凉、令人惆怅的文化记忆风俗画卷。这种"人事组成的历史"经过作家的文化记忆书写而进入"文学回忆话语"层面,因而能够成为反映湘西地域社会历史面貌的一个时代文学经典类型,由此而获得了"对集体同一性问题的观照和思考"的文化典型意义。
Taking into consideration of needs of the current social and cultural environment and conscious choice of own experiences as an intellectual, Sketches of Travels in Hunan adopted literature writing technique to re-construct the personal experience and memory after returning home so that the history on human affairs were formed. Trough portraying sailors, wharves, prostitutes, soldiers, shopkeepers, coal miners and rural Chinese medicine doctors and witches, the book demonstrates vividly the conservative and stagnation in economy, the numbness of lives of local people, the weakness and advantages of the personal life and the change of contradiction between the simplicity and stupidity of traditional custom under the pressure of time change. It also uses the charm of literature writing to present the vivid picture of natural scenery, folk customs and national characters, which consists of a colorful, simple and ancient desolate phantasy in culture memory. Such type of history constituted by local people and their stories is adopted into the discourse of literary memory through cultural remembrance; therefore, it could become a typical works reflecting the history of Xiangxi at that time, which has gained a typically cultural significance on the reflection and meditation of homogeneous issue.
Taking into consideration of needs of the current social and cultural environment and conscious choice of own experiences as an intellectual, Sketches of Travels in Hunan adopted literature writing technique to re-construct the personal experience and memory after returning home so that the history on human affairs were formed. Trough portraying sailors, wharves, prostitutes, soldiers, shopkeepers, coal miners and rural Chinese medicine doctors and witches, the book demonstrates vividly the conservative and stagnation in economy, the numbness of lives of local people, the weakness and advantages of the personal life and the change of contradiction between the simplicity and stupidity of traditional custom under the pressure of time change. It also uses the charm of literature writing to present the vivid picture of natural scenery, folk customs and national characters, which consists of a colorful, simple and ancient desolate phantasy in culture memory. Such type of history constituted by local people and their stories is adopted into the discourse of literary memory through cultural remembrance; therefore, it could become a typical works reflecting the history of Xiangxi at that time, which has gained a typically cultural significance on the reflection and meditation of homogeneous issue.
引文
[1] 沈从文.虎雏再遇记[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[2] 陈俊松.文化记忆批评—走向一种跨学科跨文化的批评范式[J].当代外国文学,2016(1).
[3] 沈从文.桃源与沅州[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[4] 沈从文.辰河小船上的水手[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:271.
[5] 沈从文.一九三四年一月十八[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:251.
[6] 沈从文.一个多情水手与一个多情妇人[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[7] 沈从文.鸭窠围的夜[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[8] 沈从文.箱子岩[M].沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[9] 冯亚琳,等.德语文学中的文化记忆与民族价值观[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013:107.
[2] 陈俊松.文化记忆批评—走向一种跨学科跨文化的批评范式[J].当代外国文学,2016(1).
[3] 沈从文.桃源与沅州[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[4] 沈从文.辰河小船上的水手[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:271.
[5] 沈从文.一九三四年一月十八[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002:251.
[6] 沈从文.一个多情水手与一个多情妇人[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[7] 沈从文.鸭窠围的夜[M]//沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[8] 沈从文.箱子岩[M].沈从文全集:11.太原:北岳文艺出版社,2002.
[9] 冯亚琳,等.德语文学中的文化记忆与民族价值观[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013:107.