民法典继承编应弘扬社会主义核心价值观——兼论《民法典各分编继承编(草案)》
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摘要
《民法总则》第1条规定,"弘扬社会主义核心价值观"是民事立法的目的之一,未来的民法典的继承编应当通过完善和制定相关制度践行这一立法目的。确认自然人的私有财产都可为遗产,确保遗产不被遗漏和不受损害,并通过扩大法定继承人的范围、扩大继承权相对丧失的情形,确保遗产能够有人继承,以弘扬"富强"价值观。规定特留份制度和归扣制度,明确承认继承协议的效力,维护家庭关系的稳定和谐,以弘扬"和谐"价值观。对公婆、岳父母尽了赡养义务的丧偶儿媳、女婿,赋予其酌情分得遗产请求权,以弘扬"公正"、"平等"价值观。对于在形式上存在一定瑕疵但不影响真实性的遗嘱,应当认可该遗嘱的效力,并承认替补继承、后位继承,认可夫妻共同遗嘱,以弘扬"自由"价值观。
Article 1 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that "carrying forward core socialist values" is one of the purposes of civil legislation, and the inheritance part of civil code should fulfill it by perfecting and formulating relevant systems. The value of "prosperity" can be carried forward by recognizing that the private property of natural persons can be heritages, ensuring that the heritages are not left out or damaged and can be inherited by people by expanding the scope of legal heirs and expanding the situation of relative loss of inheritance rights. The special retention system and the referral system are stipulated, the validity of the inheritance agreement is clearly recognized, and the stability and harmony of family relations are maintained to carry forward the value of "harmony". The widowed daughter-in-law and son-in-law who have fulfilled their obligation to support their parents-in-law have given them the right to request the inheritance at their discretion to carry forward values of "justice" and "equality". For a will that has a certain form but does not affect the authenticity, the validity of it should be recognized, and the succession of the substitute, the succession of the latter, and the common will of the husband and wife should be recognized to carry forward the value of "freedom".
Article 1 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that "carrying forward core socialist values" is one of the purposes of civil legislation, and the inheritance part of civil code should fulfill it by perfecting and formulating relevant systems. The value of "prosperity" can be carried forward by recognizing that the private property of natural persons can be heritages, ensuring that the heritages are not left out or damaged and can be inherited by people by expanding the scope of legal heirs and expanding the situation of relative loss of inheritance rights. The special retention system and the referral system are stipulated, the validity of the inheritance agreement is clearly recognized, and the stability and harmony of family relations are maintained to carry forward the value of "harmony". The widowed daughter-in-law and son-in-law who have fulfilled their obligation to support their parents-in-law have given them the right to request the inheritance at their discretion to carry forward values of "justice" and "equality". For a will that has a certain form but does not affect the authenticity, the validity of it should be recognized, and the succession of the substitute, the succession of the latter, and the common will of the husband and wife should be recognized to carry forward the value of "freedom".
引文
(1)参见杨立新:《外孙子女等继承权的保障制度改革》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(2)杨震:《我国法定继承人范围与顺序的历史检视与当代修正》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(3)郭明瑞:《论继承法修订应考虑的因素》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(4)特留份的理论基础见郭明瑞:《论继承法修订应考虑的因素》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(5)参见彭诚信主编:《继承法》(修订版),长春:吉林大学出版社,2007年,第197页。
(6)杨立新:《民法分则继承编立法研究》,《中国法学》2017年第2期。
(7)关于继承协议的意义可参见王歌雅:《〈继承法〉修正:体系构建与制度选择》,《求是学刊》2013年第2期。
(8)张玉敏:《继承法律制度研究》,北京:法律出版社,1999年,第206页。
(9)依我国法规定,只有近亲属之间才有相互扶养的法定义务。儿媳、女婿不属于近亲属。《民法典各分编(草案)》第822条第3款规定,“共同生活的公婆、岳父母、儿媳、女婿,视为亲属。”丧偶儿媳或女婿属于这种情形的,可视为子女即可,而不必以其他条件作为确定为继承人的根据。
(10)参见彭诚信主编:《继承法》(修订版),第110页。
(11)参见王毅纯:《共同遗嘱的效力认定与制度构造》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(2)杨震:《我国法定继承人范围与顺序的历史检视与当代修正》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(3)郭明瑞:《论继承法修订应考虑的因素》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(4)特留份的理论基础见郭明瑞:《论继承法修订应考虑的因素》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。
(5)参见彭诚信主编:《继承法》(修订版),长春:吉林大学出版社,2007年,第197页。
(6)杨立新:《民法分则继承编立法研究》,《中国法学》2017年第2期。
(7)关于继承协议的意义可参见王歌雅:《〈继承法〉修正:体系构建与制度选择》,《求是学刊》2013年第2期。
(8)张玉敏:《继承法律制度研究》,北京:法律出版社,1999年,第206页。
(9)依我国法规定,只有近亲属之间才有相互扶养的法定义务。儿媳、女婿不属于近亲属。《民法典各分编(草案)》第822条第3款规定,“共同生活的公婆、岳父母、儿媳、女婿,视为亲属。”丧偶儿媳或女婿属于这种情形的,可视为子女即可,而不必以其他条件作为确定为继承人的根据。
(10)参见彭诚信主编:《继承法》(修订版),第110页。
(11)参见王毅纯:《共同遗嘱的效力认定与制度构造》,《四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2018年第1期。