涉核项目“邻避效应”的生成机理及干预策略
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摘要
核"邻避效应"是具有典型特征的"邻避效应"类型。核"邻避效应"的发生不仅与核邻避设施客观风险分配不均有关,而且与各利益主体风险感知的变化相关,是多元力量激烈交锋、演化、融合的结果。有效应对核"邻避效应",需要依托政府、企业、科研教育机构和公众的"合力",从决策模式、舆论应对、科技普及、民众教育等不同维度探索立体综合的策略模型,化解社会风险,实现利益共赢,推动国家"安全高效发展核电"战略的顺利实现。
The nuclear program is an important NIMBY facility. Nuclear "NIMBY effect"is a type of "NIMBY effect"with typical characteristics. The occurrence of nuclear evasion effect is not only related to the uneven distribution of objective risk of nuclear evasion facilities,but also related to the change of risk perception of various stakeholders. It is the result of intense interaction,evolution and fusion of multiple forces. Effectively responding to the nuclear NIMBY effect requires relying on the "joint forces"of governments,enterprises,scientific research and educational institutions. It also needs to depend on the public to explore a different-dimensional integrated strategic model from the different perspectives of decision-making mode,public opinion response,popularization of science and technology,and popular education. In this way,they resolve social risks and achieve the win-win benefits,thus promoting the smooth realization of the country's "safe and efficient development of nuclear power".
The nuclear program is an important NIMBY facility. Nuclear "NIMBY effect"is a type of "NIMBY effect"with typical characteristics. The occurrence of nuclear evasion effect is not only related to the uneven distribution of objective risk of nuclear evasion facilities,but also related to the change of risk perception of various stakeholders. It is the result of intense interaction,evolution and fusion of multiple forces. Effectively responding to the nuclear NIMBY effect requires relying on the "joint forces"of governments,enterprises,scientific research and educational institutions. It also needs to depend on the public to explore a different-dimensional integrated strategic model from the different perspectives of decision-making mode,public opinion response,popularization of science and technology,and popular education. In this way,they resolve social risks and achieve the win-win benefits,thus promoting the smooth realization of the country's "safe and efficient development of nuclear power".
引文
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[2]安东尼·吉登斯.现代性的后果[M].田禾,译.南京:译林出版社,2011:6-9.
[3]O’hare M. Not on My Block You Don’t:Facility Siting and the Strategic Importanceof Compensation[J]. Public Policy,1977,25(4):407-458.
[4]Morell D. Siting and the politics of Equity[J]. HazardousWaste,1984,1(4):555-571.
[5]Sellers MartinP. NIMBY:A case study in conflict Politics[J]. Public Administration Quarterly,1993(4):460-477.
[6]Kuhn,R. G.&Ballard,K. R. Canadian innovation in siting hazardous waste anagementfacilities[J]. Environmental Management,1998,22(4):533-545.
[7]Kasperson R E. The Social Amplification of Risk and LowLevel Radiation[J]. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,2012,68(3):59-66.
[8]李永展,陈柏廷.环境认知的观点探讨邻避设施的再利用[J].国立台湾大学建筑与城乡研究学报,1996(8):53-65.
[9]何艳玲.“邻避冲突”及其解决:基于一次城市集体抗争的分析[J].公共管理研究,2006(4):93-103.
[10]张乐,童星.公众的“核邻避情结”及其影响因素分析[J].社会科学研究,2014(1):105-111.
[11]谭爽.邻避项目社会稳定风险的生成与防—以“彭泽核电站争议”事件为例[J].北京交通大学学报:社会科学版,2014(4):46-51.
[12]侯光辉,王元地.“邻避风险链”:邻避危机演化的一个风险解释框架[J].公共行政评论,2015(1):4-28.
[13]邓理峰,王大鹏.重思邻避困境的风险沟通与治理问题:基于核电的讨论[J].南华大学报:社会科学版,2017(3):5-15.
[14]牛文元,叶文虎.全面构建中国社会稳定预警系统[J].中国发展,2003(4):1-4.
[15]保罗·斯洛维奇,《风险的感知》[M]//赵延东,等,译.北京出版社,2007年,250-263.
[16]Peter M. Sandman. Risk Communication:Evolution and Revolution,Anthony Wolbarst(ed.),Solutions to an Environment in Peril,Baltimore[M],John Hopkins University Press. 2001,164-178
[17]朱正威.重大工程项目社会稳定风险的新态势与治理策略[N].光明日报,2014-5-21.
[18]李颖,曹薇,邓偊.核电企业构建安全文化评价体系研究[J].东华理工大学学报:社会科学版,2015(4):314-320.
[19]杨波,魏强林,李然.科技转化驱动核专业人才培养创新创业教育探索与实践[J].东华理工大学学报:社会科学版,2017(4):377-380.