选择螺旋与城市传播
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摘要
本文尝试链接和整合"选择螺旋"和"城市传播"这两种源自不同哲学传统的学术思想。文章认为,选择螺旋理论起始于实证传统,受益于过程哲学;而城市传播理论起始于思辨传统,注重于空间、地点、现代性及其互动。若把这些理论涉及的传播关系视为过程哲学所说的"现实",那么,过程哲学影响下的选择螺旋理论,不仅关心这些"现实",也更关心制造、促成或维护这种种"现实"的螺旋过程。这些领悟,可能加深对城市空间里的群体和身份构建的理解。
This study attempts to link two families of theories from very different traditions,namely selective spiral from the empirical tradition and process philosophy,and urban communication from the critical school.The paper observes that,in consistency with realism and empiricism,the theory of selective spiral summarizes and integrates the theories of communication effects,focusing on the process;whereas the(Western) urban communication theories analyze social space in modern cities,paying particular attention to the interactions and interrelations between people,space,place,information and their meanings.To the extent that these interrelations constitute a part of what the process philosophy considers "reality",the selective spiral theory would emphasize the processes that produce,shape,maintain,and interpret the reality.This is crucial for the understanding of groups and identity construction in urban space.
This study attempts to link two families of theories from very different traditions,namely selective spiral from the empirical tradition and process philosophy,and urban communication from the critical school.The paper observes that,in consistency with realism and empiricism,the theory of selective spiral summarizes and integrates the theories of communication effects,focusing on the process;whereas the(Western) urban communication theories analyze social space in modern cities,paying particular attention to the interactions and interrelations between people,space,place,information and their meanings.To the extent that these interrelations constitute a part of what the process philosophy considers "reality",the selective spiral theory would emphasize the processes that produce,shape,maintain,and interpret the reality.This is crucial for the understanding of groups and identity construction in urban space.
引文
[1]Craig,Robert T."Communication Theory as a Field."Communication theory 9.2(1999):119-161.
[2]Park,Robert E."The City:Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment."American journal of sociology 20.5(1968):577-612.
[3]Entman,Robert M."Framing:Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm."Journal of communication 43.4(1993):51-58.
[4]Gerbner,G.,Gross,L.,Morgan,M.,and Signorielli,N."The'Mainstreaming'of America:Violence Profile no.11."Journal of communication 30.3(1980):10-29.
[5]McCombs,M.E.,and Shaw.,D.L."The Agenda-setting Function of Mass Media."Public opinion quarterly 36.2(1972):176-187.
[6]Gramsci,A.Prison Notebooks(Vol.2).New York:Columbia University Press,1992.
[7]Said,Edward W.Orientalism.Vintage,1979.
[8]Katz,E.,Blumler,J.G.,and Gurevitch,M."Uses and Gratifications Research."The public opinion quarterly 37.4(1973):509-523.
[9]Festinger,L.A theory of cognitive dissonance(Vol.2).Stanford university press,1957.
[10]Petty,R.E.,and Cacioppo,J.T."The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion."Communication and Persuasion.Eds.Petty,R.E.,et al.,Springer-Verlag New York Inc,1986:1-24.
[11]White,D.M."The'Gate Keeper':A Case Study in the Selection of News."Journalism Bulletin 27.4(1950):383-390.Shoemaker,P.J.,and Tim P.Vos.Gatekeeping Theory.New York:Routledge,2009.
[12]赵心树.中国奥运传播中的“失衡螺旋”与中华民族“成长的烦恼”[A].史安斌,郭云强,李宏刚编.清华新闻传播学
[13]前沿讲座录(续编)[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[14]赵心树,冯继峰.政治传播研究的新发展[A].洪俊浩编.传播学新趋势(下)[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2014
[15]Jamieson,K.H.,and Cappella,J.N.Echo Chamber:Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment.Oxford University Press,2008.
[16]赵心树.选举的困境-民选制度及宪政改革批判[EB/OL].http://doi.org/www.chinaelections.org/uploadfi le/201003/20100304175038608.pdf,2009.
[17]Griffin,E.A.A First Look at Communication Theory/Em Griffin.New York:McGraw-Hill,,2012.
[18]Hall,S.Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse.Birmingham:University of Birmingham,1973.
[19]吴予敏.从“媒介化都市生存”到“可沟通的城市”--关于城市传播研究及其公共性问题的思考[J].新闻与传播研究,2014(3),第6-19页,第126页.
[20]Meier,Richard L.A Communications Theory of Urban Growth.Published for the Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University by MIT Press,1962.
[21]Lefebvre,H.,and Donald Nicholson-Smith.The Production of Space(Vol.142).Blackwell:Oxford,1991.
[22]卞冬磊.路上无风景:城市“移动空间”中的交流[J].传播与社会学刊,2019(47),第29-54页.
[23][美]桑内特.查理著,李继宏译.公共人的衰落[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2008.
[24]黄旦.城市传播:基于中国城市的历史与现实[EB/OL].http://www.cssn.cn/zzx/xstj_zzx/201601/t20160104_2810849.shtml,2016.
[25]孙玮.城市传播:重建传播与人的关系[J].新闻与传播研究,2015(7),第5-15页,第126页.
[26]Couldry,N.,and Hepp,A.The Mediated Construction of Reality.John Wiley&Sons,2018.
[27]Meyrowitz,J."Power,Pleasure,Patterns:Intersecting Narratives of Media Influence."Journal of Communication 58.4(2008):641-663.
[28]赵心树.螺旋恶化的陆港矛盾(代前言)[A].陈弘毅,赵心树,张小佳编.民主与选举-香港政改的回顾前瞻[C].香港:天地图书有限公司,2017.
[29]赵心树.选择螺旋-一个传播学大理论、元理论、预测理论和预设理论[J].国际新闻界,2018(2),第140-153页。
[30]Dyer,H.Watch this Space:Designing,Defending and Sharing Public Spaces.Kids Can Press Ltd,2010.
[31]Lefebvre,H.Critique of Everyday Llife:Foundations For a Sociology of the Everyday(Vol.2).Verso,1991.
[1]对于cultivation有几种不同译法,如“教养”“培养”“培育”等,其中“涵化”最常见。本文采用“培植”表述这个概念,因为“涵化”不达意,不确切,而“培植”更接近cultivation原意,也更易解。
[2]Park,Robert E."The City:Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment."American journal of sociology 20.5(1968):577-612.
[3]Entman,Robert M."Framing:Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm."Journal of communication 43.4(1993):51-58.
[4]Gerbner,G.,Gross,L.,Morgan,M.,and Signorielli,N."The'Mainstreaming'of America:Violence Profile no.11."Journal of communication 30.3(1980):10-29.
[5]McCombs,M.E.,and Shaw.,D.L."The Agenda-setting Function of Mass Media."Public opinion quarterly 36.2(1972):176-187.
[6]Gramsci,A.Prison Notebooks(Vol.2).New York:Columbia University Press,1992.
[7]Said,Edward W.Orientalism.Vintage,1979.
[8]Katz,E.,Blumler,J.G.,and Gurevitch,M."Uses and Gratifications Research."The public opinion quarterly 37.4(1973):509-523.
[9]Festinger,L.A theory of cognitive dissonance(Vol.2).Stanford university press,1957.
[10]Petty,R.E.,and Cacioppo,J.T."The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion."Communication and Persuasion.Eds.Petty,R.E.,et al.,Springer-Verlag New York Inc,1986:1-24.
[11]White,D.M."The'Gate Keeper':A Case Study in the Selection of News."Journalism Bulletin 27.4(1950):383-390.Shoemaker,P.J.,and Tim P.Vos.Gatekeeping Theory.New York:Routledge,2009.
[12]赵心树.中国奥运传播中的“失衡螺旋”与中华民族“成长的烦恼”[A].史安斌,郭云强,李宏刚编.清华新闻传播学
[13]前沿讲座录(续编)[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.
[14]赵心树,冯继峰.政治传播研究的新发展[A].洪俊浩编.传播学新趋势(下)[C].北京:清华大学出版社,2014
[15]Jamieson,K.H.,and Cappella,J.N.Echo Chamber:Rush Limbaugh and the Conservative Media Establishment.Oxford University Press,2008.
[16]赵心树.选举的困境-民选制度及宪政改革批判[EB/OL].http://doi.org/www.chinaelections.org/uploadfi le/201003/20100304175038608.pdf,2009.
[17]Griffin,E.A.A First Look at Communication Theory/Em Griffin.New York:McGraw-Hill,,2012.
[18]Hall,S.Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse.Birmingham:University of Birmingham,1973.
[19]吴予敏.从“媒介化都市生存”到“可沟通的城市”--关于城市传播研究及其公共性问题的思考[J].新闻与传播研究,2014(3),第6-19页,第126页.
[20]Meier,Richard L.A Communications Theory of Urban Growth.Published for the Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University by MIT Press,1962.
[21]Lefebvre,H.,and Donald Nicholson-Smith.The Production of Space(Vol.142).Blackwell:Oxford,1991.
[22]卞冬磊.路上无风景:城市“移动空间”中的交流[J].传播与社会学刊,2019(47),第29-54页.
[23][美]桑内特.查理著,李继宏译.公共人的衰落[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2008.
[24]黄旦.城市传播:基于中国城市的历史与现实[EB/OL].http://www.cssn.cn/zzx/xstj_zzx/201601/t20160104_2810849.shtml,2016.
[25]孙玮.城市传播:重建传播与人的关系[J].新闻与传播研究,2015(7),第5-15页,第126页.
[26]Couldry,N.,and Hepp,A.The Mediated Construction of Reality.John Wiley&Sons,2018.
[27]Meyrowitz,J."Power,Pleasure,Patterns:Intersecting Narratives of Media Influence."Journal of Communication 58.4(2008):641-663.
[28]赵心树.螺旋恶化的陆港矛盾(代前言)[A].陈弘毅,赵心树,张小佳编.民主与选举-香港政改的回顾前瞻[C].香港:天地图书有限公司,2017.
[29]赵心树.选择螺旋-一个传播学大理论、元理论、预测理论和预设理论[J].国际新闻界,2018(2),第140-153页。
[30]Dyer,H.Watch this Space:Designing,Defending and Sharing Public Spaces.Kids Can Press Ltd,2010.
[31]Lefebvre,H.Critique of Everyday Llife:Foundations For a Sociology of the Everyday(Vol.2).Verso,1991.
[1]对于cultivation有几种不同译法,如“教养”“培养”“培育”等,其中“涵化”最常见。本文采用“培植”表述这个概念,因为“涵化”不达意,不确切,而“培植”更接近cultivation原意,也更易解。