三江平原气象水文干旱演变特征
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摘要
利用三江平原6个气象站和4个水文站近50年的数据,采用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和径流干旱指数(SDI),探究了三江平原近50 a气象干旱和水文干旱时空演变特征,并对气象干旱与水文干旱进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1) 1970—1980年和2000—2010年气象干旱较为频发,从季节上看,三江平原大部分地区春季和冬季有变湿的趋势,而夏和秋两季有变干的趋势,但趋势均不显著。(2) 1960s末、1974—1981年和1999—2010年发生了持续时间长且强度大的水文干旱。挠力河流域菜咀子站水文干旱频发且严重,挠力河下游地区水文干旱程度强于上游地区。(3)水文干旱滞后于气象干旱1～7个月,且时间尺度越长,水文干旱滞后气象干旱的现象越明显。研究结果可以为三江平原地区干旱应对和水资源综合管理提供参考。
The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) and runoff drought index(SDI) were used to examine spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in the Sanjiang Plain in the past 50 years. We collected data from 1961 to 2010 in 6 meteorological stations and 4 hydrological stations in the study area. The results showed that:(1) meteorological drought was frequent during the period 1970—1980 and period 2000—2010; the wet tendency in spring and winter occurred in most parts of Sanjiang Plain from a seasonal perspective; however, there was a non-significant dry tendency in summer and autumn in the study area;(2) in the late 1960 s, 1974—1981 and 1999—2010, a longer and more intense hydrologic drought occurred; the hydrological drought intensity in the downstream was more serious than that in the upper stream;(3) hydrological drought had 1～7 months lag to meteorological drought; the time lag prolonged with the increase of the time scale. This study can provide the reference for drought management and integrated water resources management in Sanjiang Plain.
The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) and runoff drought index(SDI) were used to examine spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in the Sanjiang Plain in the past 50 years. We collected data from 1961 to 2010 in 6 meteorological stations and 4 hydrological stations in the study area. The results showed that:(1) meteorological drought was frequent during the period 1970—1980 and period 2000—2010; the wet tendency in spring and winter occurred in most parts of Sanjiang Plain from a seasonal perspective; however, there was a non-significant dry tendency in summer and autumn in the study area;(2) in the late 1960 s, 1974—1981 and 1999—2010, a longer and more intense hydrologic drought occurred; the hydrological drought intensity in the downstream was more serious than that in the upper stream;(3) hydrological drought had 1～7 months lag to meteorological drought; the time lag prolonged with the increase of the time scale. This study can provide the reference for drought management and integrated water resources management in Sanjiang Plain.
引文
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[22]李运刚,何娇楠,李雪.基于SPEI和SDI指数的云南红河流域气象水文干旱演变分析[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(6):758-767.
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[25]刘吉平,马海超,赵丹丹.三江平原孤立湿地景观空间结构[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4307-4316.
[26]吴志刚,杜春晓,王世岩.三江平原沼泽湿地退化现状及因素分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2007,35(5):119-121.
[27]吴燕锋,章光新.松花江区气象水文干旱演变特征[J].地理科学,2018,38(10):1731-1739.
[28]关静,梁川,赵璐,等.3种干旱指数在宁夏中部干旱带的适用性分析[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(3):122-127.
[29]Shi P,Ma X,Hou Y,et al.Effects of land-use and climate change on hydrological processes in the upstream of Huai River,China[J].Water Resources Management,2013,27(5):1263-1278.
[2]Schwalm C R,Anderegg W R L,Michalak A M,et al.Global patterns of drought recovery[J].Nature,2017,548(7666):202-205.
[3]冯波,章光新,李峰平.松花江流域季节性气象干旱特征及风险区划研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(3):466-474.
[4]安莉娟,任福民,李韵婕,等.近50年华北区域性气象干旱事件的特征分析[J].气象,2014,40(9):1097-1105.
[5]何福力,胡彩虹,王纪军,等.基于标准化降水、径流指数的黄河流域近50年气象水文干旱演变分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(3):69-75.
[6]Shokoohi A,Morovati R.Basinwide comparison of RDIand SPI within an IWRM Framework[J].Water Resources Management,2015,29(6):2011-2026.
[7]王孟和,何桂芳,徐建辉,等.基于GIS的安徽省江淮分水岭区域气象干旱研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):162-167.
[8]蒋忆文,张喜风,杨礼箫,等.黑河上游气象与水文干旱指数时空变化特征对比分析[J].资源科学,2014,36(9):1842-1851.
[9]刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智,等.1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[10]徐羽,许有鹏,吴艳飞,等.近50年重庆市气象干旱时空分布特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):363-368.
[11]康蕾,张红旗.我国五大粮食主产区农业干旱态势综合研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(8):928-937.
[12]邹立尧,国世友,牛宁.三江平原1960-2004年农业气候环境年代际变化[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(8):844-850.
[13]Vicente-Serrano S M,Beguería,Santiago,et al.A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming:The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index[J].Journal of Climate,2010,23(7):1696-1718.
[14]Hong X J,Guo S L,Zhou Y L,et al.Uncertainties in assessing hydrological drought using Streamflow Drought Index for the upper Yangtze River Basin[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2014,29(4):1235-1247.
[15]Li Y,He D,Hu J,et al.Variability of extreme precipitation over Yunnan Province,China 1960-2012[J].International Journal of Climatology,2015,35(2):245-258.
[16]李红霞,张永强,张新华,等.遥感Penman-Monteith模型对区域蒸散发的估算[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(4):457-461.
[17]王海波,马明国.基于遥感和Penman-Monteith模型的内陆河流域不同生态系统蒸散发估算[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5617-5626.
[18]Shukla S,Wood A W.Use of a standardized runoff index for characterizing hydrologic drought[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(2):41-46.
[19]Dai A.Drought under global warming:a review[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Climate Change,2011,2(1):45-65.
[20]张利利,周俊菊,张恒玮,等.基于SPI的石羊河流域气候干湿变化及干旱事件的时空格局特征研究[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):996-1007.
[21]陈琰,肖伟华,王建华,等.基于SPEI的三江平原干旱时空分布特征分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2018,16(2):122-129.
[22]李运刚,何娇楠,李雪.基于SPEI和SDI指数的云南红河流域气象水文干旱演变分析[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(6):758-767.
[23]Fossey M,Rousseau A N.Assessing the long-term hydrological services provided by wetlands under changing climate conditions:A case study approach of a Canadian watershed[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,32(541):1287-1302.
[24]汪爱华,张树清,张柏.三江平原沼泽湿地景观空间格局变化[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):237-243.
[25]刘吉平,马海超,赵丹丹.三江平原孤立湿地景观空间结构[J].生态学报,2016,36(14):4307-4316.
[26]吴志刚,杜春晓,王世岩.三江平原沼泽湿地退化现状及因素分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2007,35(5):119-121.
[27]吴燕锋,章光新.松花江区气象水文干旱演变特征[J].地理科学,2018,38(10):1731-1739.
[28]关静,梁川,赵璐,等.3种干旱指数在宁夏中部干旱带的适用性分析[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(3):122-127.
[29]Shi P,Ma X,Hou Y,et al.Effects of land-use and climate change on hydrological processes in the upstream of Huai River,China[J].Water Resources Management,2013,27(5):1263-1278.