农村居民点时空变化特征及影响因素分析——以宁波市象山县为例
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摘要
分析农村居民点时空变迁及其影响因素,有利于了解农村居民点变化的内在机理,加快新农村建设、改造和乡村振兴的步伐。本文基于象山县1990—2015年6期土地利用数据,利用土地利用动态度、景观格局指数、平均最邻近指数、核密度分析等模型方法,探析象山县农村居民点的时空变化特征和驱动因子。结果表明:(1)农村居民点面积不断增长,其速度先下降后增加,农村居民点扩展以块状扩展为主,其次为分散扩展、条带状扩展。(2)农村居民点向耕地和其他建设用地转移,耕地作为主要补充来源。农村居民点形态趋于规则,其平均斑块形状指数和分维数值呈波动下降趋势,聚集度值增加了2.62%。(3)农村居民点集聚趋势明显,其核密度最高值上升,高值区域靠近城镇。核密度空间分布随时间变化较小,都呈现中部高南北低的特征,且南部地区核密度略高于北部地区。(4)农村居民点趋向于布局在高程和坡度较小、靠近城镇中心,并有相应道路联系的区域,其他影响农村居民点布局的因素还包括农村人口和农村政策等。
A better understanding of temporal-spatial changes of rural settlements and its influencing factors can provide significant implications for national rural revitalization strategy. This study attempts to analyze the temporal-spatial variations and driving factors of rural settlements by using Xiangshan County as a case. The land-use dynamic index, landscape pattern index, average nearest neighbor index, and kernel density analysis were incorporated under the land use data from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that:(1) the past decades had seen the continued growth of rural settlements. Block-shape expansion largely contributed to the spatial evolution of rural settlements, followed by scattered-and strip-shape expansion;(2) rural settlements were transferred to cultivated land and other constructive lands, and cultivated land was the main source of supplement. The average index of patch shape and fractal value experienced a downward trend, and the aggregation index value increased by 2.62%;(3) rural settlements showed a typical trend of spatial agglomeration. The high value of kernel density was observed in middle of Xiangshan as well as the regions close to urbanized areas;(4) rural settlements tended to be located in areas with low elevations and slopes, close to town centers, and with corresponding road links. In addition, the rural population and rural policies could affect the development of rural settlements.
A better understanding of temporal-spatial changes of rural settlements and its influencing factors can provide significant implications for national rural revitalization strategy. This study attempts to analyze the temporal-spatial variations and driving factors of rural settlements by using Xiangshan County as a case. The land-use dynamic index, landscape pattern index, average nearest neighbor index, and kernel density analysis were incorporated under the land use data from 1990 to 2015. The results showed that:(1) the past decades had seen the continued growth of rural settlements. Block-shape expansion largely contributed to the spatial evolution of rural settlements, followed by scattered-and strip-shape expansion;(2) rural settlements were transferred to cultivated land and other constructive lands, and cultivated land was the main source of supplement. The average index of patch shape and fractal value experienced a downward trend, and the aggregation index value increased by 2.62%;(3) rural settlements showed a typical trend of spatial agglomeration. The high value of kernel density was observed in middle of Xiangshan as well as the regions close to urbanized areas;(4) rural settlements tended to be located in areas with low elevations and slopes, close to town centers, and with corresponding road links. In addition, the rural population and rural policies could affect the development of rural settlements.
引文
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[19] 王成,费智慧,叶琴丽,等.基于共生理论的村域尺度下农村居民点空间重构策略与实现[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):205-214.[WANG Cheng,FEI Zhihui,YE Qinli,et al.Rural settlement space reconstruction strategy and implementation based on symbiosis theory on village scale [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(3):205-214]
[20] 孔雪松,金璐璐,郄昱,等.基于点轴理论的农村居民点布局优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):192-200.[KONG Xuesong,JIN Lulu,QIE Yu,et al.Layout optimization of rural settlements based on point-axis theory [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(8):192-200]
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[24] 王海军,刘艺明,张彬,等.基于Logistic-GTWR模型的武汉城市圈城镇用地扩展驱动力分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(19):248-257.[WANG Haijun,LIU Yiming,ZHANG Bin,et al.Analysis of driving forces of urban land expansion in Wuhan metropolitan area based on Logistic-GTWR model [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(19):248-257]
[25] 田鹏,李加林,姜忆湄,等.海湾景观生态脆弱性及其对人类活动的响应——以东海区为例[J].生态学报,2019,39(4):1463-1474.[TIAN Peng,LI Jialin,JIANG Yimei,et al.Ecological vulnerability of the bay landscape and its response to human activities:a case study of the East China Sea [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(4):1463-1474]
[26] 田鹏,龚虹波,叶梦姚,等.东海区大陆海岸带景观格局变化及生态风险评价[J].海洋通报,2018,37(6):695-706.[TIAN Peng,GONG Hongbo,YE Mengyao,et al.Landscape pattern change and ecological risk assessment of the continental coast of the East China Sea [J].Marine Science Bulletin,2018,37(6):695-706]
[27] ZHANG B L,JIANG G H,CAI W M,et al.Productive functional evolution of rural settlements:analysis of livelihood strategy and land use transition in eastern China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2017,14(12):2540-2554.
[28] 寇相玮,李伟芳,姜文达,等.宁波四明山区农村聚落空间格局及影响因素[J].山地学报,2018,36(5):784-791.[KOU Xiangwei,LI Weifang,JIANG Wenda,et al.Spatial pattern and influence factors of rural settlements:a case of Siming Mountain Area in Ningbo City [J].Mountain Research,2018,36(5):784-791]
[29] LONG H L.Land consolidation:An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(2):211-225.
[30] LONG H L,JIAN Z,LIU Y.Differentiation of rural development driven by industrialization and urbanization in eastern coastal China [J].Habitat International,2009,33(4):454-462.
[2] 马小娥,白永平,纪学朋,等.干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点时空格局演变及影响因素[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):106-116.[MA Xiao’e,BAI Yongping,JI Xuepeng,et al.The spatial and temporal patterns of rural settlements and the influencing factors in the Inland River Basin of arid region [J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,China,2018,39(1):106-116]
[3] 李玉华,高明,吕煊,等.重庆市农村居民点分形特征及影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(12):225-232.[LI Yuhua,GAO Ming,LV Xuan,et al.Analysis on fractal characteristics of rural settlements in Chongqing and its influencing factors [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(12):225-232]
[4] 周国华,贺艳华,唐承丽,等.论新时期农村聚居模式研究[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(2):186-192.[ZHOU Guohua,HE Yanhua,TANG Chengli,et al.On rural settlement patterns in new era [J].Progress inGeography,2010,29(2):186-192]
[5] 樊天相,杨庆媛,何建,等.重庆丘陵地区农村居民点空间布局优化——以长寿区海棠镇为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(5):883-894.[FAN Tianxiang,YANG Qingyuan,HE Jian,et al.Spatial distribution optimization of rural residential land in hilly areas:a case study of Haitang town in Changshou district [J].Geographical Research,2015,34(5):883-894]
[6] 曲衍波,姜广辉,张佰林,等.山东省农村居民点转型的空间特征及其经济梯度分异[J].地理学报,2017,72(10):1845-1858.[QU Yanbo,JIANG Guanghui,ZHANG Bailin,et al.Spatial characteristics of rural residential land transition and its economic gradient differentiation [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(10):1845-1858]
[7] 谭雪兰,周国华,朱苏晖,等.长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):204-210.[TAN Xuelan,ZHOU Guohua,ZHU Suhui,et al.Landscape pattern changes and the characteristic of spatio-temporal differentiation of rural residential area in Changsha in recent 20 years [J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(2):204-210]
[8] BAN’SKI J,WESOLOWSKA M.Transformations in housing construction in rural areas of Poland’s Lublin region-influence on the spatial settlement structure and landscape aesthetics[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,94(2):116-126.
[9] PORTA J,PARAPAR J,DOALLO R,et al.A population-based iterated greedy algorithm for the delimitation and zoning of rural settlements [J].Computers Environment and Urban Systems,2013,39(3):12-26.
[10] IRWIN E G.Determinants of residential land-use conversion and sprawl at the rural-urban fringe [J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2004,86(4):889-904.
[11] JOHNSON J,MAXWELL B.The role of the Conservation Reserve Program in controlling rural residential development [J].Journal of Rural Studies,2001,17(3):323-332.
[12] GUDE P H,HANSEN A J,RASKER R,et al.Rates and drivers of rural residential development in the Greater Yellowstone [J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,77(1-2):131-151.
[13] 杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,等.基于格网的农村居民点用地时空特征及空间指向性的地理要素识别——以环渤海地区为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(6):1077-1087.[YANG Ren,LIU Yansui,LONG Hualou,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics of rural residential land use change and spatial directivity identification based on grid in the Bohai Rim in China [J].Geographical Research,2015,34(6):1077-1087]
[14] 贾文臣,贾香云,李福印,等.威海市土地利用分形特征动态变化[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(2):193-198.[JIA Wenchen,JIA Xiangyun,LI Fuyin,et al.Dynamic changes of land use fractal characteristic in Weihai,China [J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(2):193-198]
[15] 谭雪兰,刘卓,贺艳华,等.江南丘陵区农村居民点地域分异特征及类型划分——以长沙市为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(11):2144-2154.[TAN Xuelan,LIU Zhuo,HE Yanhua,et al.Regional differentiation and type division of rural settlements to South of Yangtse River:a case study of Changsha [J].Geographical Research,2015,34(11):2144-2154]
[16] 马小娥,白永平,纪学朋,等.干旱区内陆河流域农村居民点空间格局及分异[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):281-287.[MA Xiao’e,BAI Yongping,JI Xuepeng,et al.Spatial pattern and difference of rural settlements in the Inland River Basin of the arid region [J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(2):281-287]
[17] 冯佰香,李加林,何改丽,等.农村居民点时空变化特征及驱动力分析——以宁波市北仑区为例[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):523-533.[FENG Baixiang,LI Jialin,HE Gaili,et al.Spatial-temporal changes and driving forces of rural settlements:a case study of Beilun District,Ningbo [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(2):523-533]
[18] 杨成波,刘秀华.重庆市北碚区农村居民点用地景观变化及驱动因素分析[J].山地学报,2017,35(6):890-898.[YANG Chengbo,LIU Xiuhua.Rural settlements landscape evolution and driving factorin Beibei District of Chongqing [J].Mountain Research,2017,35 (6):890-898]
[19] 王成,费智慧,叶琴丽,等.基于共生理论的村域尺度下农村居民点空间重构策略与实现[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):205-214.[WANG Cheng,FEI Zhihui,YE Qinli,et al.Rural settlement space reconstruction strategy and implementation based on symbiosis theory on village scale [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(3):205-214]
[20] 孔雪松,金璐璐,郄昱,等.基于点轴理论的农村居民点布局优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):192-200.[KONG Xuesong,JIN Lulu,QIE Yu,et al.Layout optimization of rural settlements based on point-axis theory [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(8):192-200]
[21] LI Y R,LONG H L,LIU Y S.Spatio-temporal pattern of China’s rural development:a rurality index perspective [J].Journal of Rural Studies,2015,38(4):12-26.
[22] 任平,洪步庭,刘寅,等.基于RS与GIS的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3331-3340.[REN Ping,HONG Buting,LIU Yin,et al.A study of spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements and influences of landscape patterns on their distribution using GIS and RS [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3331-3340]
[23] 罗建美,张学儒.基于logistic模型的人类开发活动影响下河北省滨海湿地演变驱动分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(9):169-174.[LUO Jianmei,ZHANG Xueru.Driving forces analysis of coastal wetland evolution in Hebei coastal zone based on logistic regressiong model[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2018,39 (9):169-174]
[24] 王海军,刘艺明,张彬,等.基于Logistic-GTWR模型的武汉城市圈城镇用地扩展驱动力分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(19):248-257.[WANG Haijun,LIU Yiming,ZHANG Bin,et al.Analysis of driving forces of urban land expansion in Wuhan metropolitan area based on Logistic-GTWR model [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(19):248-257]
[25] 田鹏,李加林,姜忆湄,等.海湾景观生态脆弱性及其对人类活动的响应——以东海区为例[J].生态学报,2019,39(4):1463-1474.[TIAN Peng,LI Jialin,JIANG Yimei,et al.Ecological vulnerability of the bay landscape and its response to human activities:a case study of the East China Sea [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(4):1463-1474]
[26] 田鹏,龚虹波,叶梦姚,等.东海区大陆海岸带景观格局变化及生态风险评价[J].海洋通报,2018,37(6):695-706.[TIAN Peng,GONG Hongbo,YE Mengyao,et al.Landscape pattern change and ecological risk assessment of the continental coast of the East China Sea [J].Marine Science Bulletin,2018,37(6):695-706]
[27] ZHANG B L,JIANG G H,CAI W M,et al.Productive functional evolution of rural settlements:analysis of livelihood strategy and land use transition in eastern China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2017,14(12):2540-2554.
[28] 寇相玮,李伟芳,姜文达,等.宁波四明山区农村聚落空间格局及影响因素[J].山地学报,2018,36(5):784-791.[KOU Xiangwei,LI Weifang,JIANG Wenda,et al.Spatial pattern and influence factors of rural settlements:a case of Siming Mountain Area in Ningbo City [J].Mountain Research,2018,36(5):784-791]
[29] LONG H L.Land consolidation:An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(2):211-225.
[30] LONG H L,JIAN Z,LIU Y.Differentiation of rural development driven by industrialization and urbanization in eastern coastal China [J].Habitat International,2009,33(4):454-462.