土壤镉胁迫对甘薯品质和镉、锌吸收的影响
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摘要
【目的】揭示土壤镉污染对甘薯品质及镉、锌吸收能力的影响。【方法】通过盆栽试验,分析不同镉水平胁迫下甘薯产量、营养品质及镉、锌吸收的变化,同时采用迁移系数分析镉、锌在土壤-甘薯系统中的迁移转化特性。【结果】随着土壤镉处理浓度的增加,甘薯块根产量呈下降趋势,最大程度可降低32.6%;块根果肉中蛋白质指标受影响程度较大,含量显著下降,最大程度可降低32.1%。镉胁迫会显著增加土壤和甘薯植株各部位的镉含量,但会抑制块根果肉对锌的吸收。种植甘薯可在一定程度上降低土壤中的镉含量,甘薯属于低镉吸收作物,当镉处理质量浓度不超过5mg·kg~(-1)时,块根果肉中镉含量基本低于国家安全限量标准(GB 2762-2017食品中污染物限量标准,Cd≤0.1mg·kg~(-1))。甘薯不同部位镉含量高低顺序为柴根>茎段>块根皮部>叶片>块根果肉,其中柴根和茎段部位对镉的迁移能力较大,镉主要富集在柴根部位。【结论】在镉污染程度不高的土壤中,可以通过种植甘薯来富集镉,同时柴根部位对镉的截留可以减少镉通过食物链向人体迁移。
【Objective】Uptakes of Cd and Zn by sweet potato plants from Cd polluted soil was investigated. 【Method】 A pot experiment was conducted on the sweet potato to study the effects of Cd-stress on the yield,nutritional quality as well as the Cd and Zn uptakes of the plants. Migration and transformation of Cd and Zn from soil to plants were analyzed. 【Result】 The tuber yield of the plants decreased with increasing Cd in soil. It maximized at a reduction of 32.6%. The food quality of the tubers was greatly affected by the stress with a reduction on proteins as high as 32.1%. Cd-stress significantly increased the Cd concentrations in various parts of a plant land the soil,and inhibited the Zn absorption by the tubers. Sweet potato plants are not highly capable in absorbing Cd and can only reduce Cd in soil to a limited extent. Thus,so long as Cd in soil was less than 5 mg·kg~(-1),the tubers grown on it were basically safe for consumption as the Cd content in tuber would likely be below the national standard for safety(Cd≤0.1 mg·kg~(-1)). The Cd accumulations in parts of a plant were found to rank in the order of roots>stems>peel>leaves>flesh.The migration and transformation abilities of root and stem for Cd were higher,making Cd mainly accumulated in root. 【Conclusion】Planting sweet potatoes could help mitigate the pollution effect only in soils not heavily contaminated with Cd. By eliminating the more Cd-concentrated roots on a tuber for food,risks on health could be largely avoided.
【Objective】Uptakes of Cd and Zn by sweet potato plants from Cd polluted soil was investigated. 【Method】 A pot experiment was conducted on the sweet potato to study the effects of Cd-stress on the yield,nutritional quality as well as the Cd and Zn uptakes of the plants. Migration and transformation of Cd and Zn from soil to plants were analyzed. 【Result】 The tuber yield of the plants decreased with increasing Cd in soil. It maximized at a reduction of 32.6%. The food quality of the tubers was greatly affected by the stress with a reduction on proteins as high as 32.1%. Cd-stress significantly increased the Cd concentrations in various parts of a plant land the soil,and inhibited the Zn absorption by the tubers. Sweet potato plants are not highly capable in absorbing Cd and can only reduce Cd in soil to a limited extent. Thus,so long as Cd in soil was less than 5 mg·kg~(-1),the tubers grown on it were basically safe for consumption as the Cd content in tuber would likely be below the national standard for safety(Cd≤0.1 mg·kg~(-1)). The Cd accumulations in parts of a plant were found to rank in the order of roots>stems>peel>leaves>flesh.The migration and transformation abilities of root and stem for Cd were higher,making Cd mainly accumulated in root. 【Conclusion】Planting sweet potatoes could help mitigate the pollution effect only in soils not heavily contaminated with Cd. By eliminating the more Cd-concentrated roots on a tuber for food,risks on health could be largely avoided.
引文
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[10]曹亚茹,孙凯宁,王克安,等.镉(Cd)胁迫对5种类型黄瓜幼苗生长,抗氧化酶活性及镉积累量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(9):107-113.CAO Y R,SUN K N,WANG K A,et al.Effects of Cd2+stress on growth,antioxidant enzvme actiVity and cadmium enrichment of cucumber seedings[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2017,49(9):107-113.(in Chinese)
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[12]胡玉龙,李雪华,赵苹艺,等.镉胁迫对甘薯苗生理生化指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(4):858-861.HU Y L,LI X H,ZHAO P Y,et al.Effects of cadmium stress on physiologic and biochemical characteristics of sweet potato[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(4):858-861.(in Chinese)
[13]GUPTA S,NAYEK S,SAHA R N,et al.Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte,agricultural soil,and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(4):731-739.
[14]刘侯俊,梁吉哲,韩晓日,等.东北地区不同水稻品种对Cd的累积特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):220-227.LIU H J,LIANG J Z,HAN X R,et al.Accumulation and distribution of cadmium in different rice cultivars of Northeastern China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):220-227.(in Chinese)
[15]王英,李正文,贺紫荆.不同水稻品种积累镉的差异及其动态变化[J].广西农业生物科学,2007,26(B06):82-85.WANG Y,LI Z W,HE Z J.Difference and dynamics of Cd up takeinfourrice cultivars[J].Guangxi Agricultural Biology Science,2007,26(B06):82-85.(in Chinese)
[16]张辉,张永春.肥料对甘薯营养品质影响的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(17):1-5.ZHANG H,ZHANG Y C.Research progress on effect of fertilizer on nutritional quality of sweet potato[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2017,45(17):1-5.(in Chinese)
[17]朱勇,叶宇飞,江潇潇,等.铅镉污染土壤上蔬菜种类的选择[J].浙江农业科学,2010(2):383-385.ZHU Y,YE Y F,JIANG X X,et al.Selection of vegetable species in lead and cadmium contaminated soils[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Science,2010(2):383-385.(in Chinese)
[18]张超凡,张道微,黄艳岚,等.甘薯与马铃薯在土壤镉污染治理中的应用研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2015(9):87-90.ZHANG C F,ZHANG D W,HUANG Y L,et al.Application research progress of sweet potato and potato in soil Cd pollution control[J].Hunan Agricultural Science,2015(9):87-90.(in Chinese)
[19]艾伦弘,汪模辉,李鉴伦,等.镉及镉锌交互作用的植物效应[J].广东微量元素科学,2005,12(12):6-11.AI L H,WANG M H,LI J L,et al.Effects of single Cd and interaction between Cd andZn on plant growth[J].Guangdong Trace Elements Science,2005,12(12):6-11.(in Chinese)
[20]史静,潘根兴,张乃明.镉胁迫对不同杂交水稻品种Cd,Zn吸收与积累的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2904.SHI J,PAN G X,ZHANG N M.Effects of cadmium stress on Cd and Zn uptake and accumulation of different cultivarsof hybrid rice[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(10):2904.(in Chinese)
[21]CHANEY R L,REEVES P G,RYAN J A,et al.An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks[J].Biometals,2004,17(5):549-553.
[22]KLELI N,EKER S,CAKMAK L.Effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in zinc-deficient soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,131(3):453-459.
[2]李兆君,马国瑞,徐建民,等.植物适应重金属Cd胁迫的生理及分子生物学机理[J].土壤通报,2004,35(2):234-238.LI Z J,MA G R,XU J M,et al.Physiological and biological mechanism of plant for adapting the stress by cadmium[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(2):234-238.(in Chinese)
[3]SATO A,TAKEDA H,OYANAGI W,et al.Reduction of cadmium uptake in spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)by soil amendment with animal waste compost[J].Joumal of Hazardous Materials,2010,181(1/3):298-304.
[4]于方明,刘可慧,刘华,等.镉污染对水稻不同生育期抗氧化系统的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(1):88-93.YU F M,LIU K H,LIU H,et al.Antioxidative responses to cadmium stress in the leaves of Oryza saliva L.in different growth period[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(1):88-93.(in Chinese)
[5]龚伟群,潘根兴.中国水稻生产中Cd吸收及其健康风险的有关问题[J].科技导报,2006,24(5):43-47.GONG W Q,PAN G X.Issues of grain Cd uptake and the potential health risk of rice production sector of China[J].Science and Technology Herald,2006,24(5):43-47.(in Chinese)
[6]XU J,WANG W,YIN H,et al.Exogenous nitric oxide improves antioxidative capacity and reduces auxin degradation in roots of Medicago truncatula seedlings under cadmium stress[J].Plant and Soil,2010,326(1):321-330.
[7]KOVCˇIK J,BABULA P,KLEJDUS B,et al.Unexpected behavior of some nitric oxide modulators under cadmium excess in plant tissue[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):e91685.
[8]李君,葛跃,王明新,等.镉对蓖麻耐性生理及营养元素吸收迁移的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):3081-3087.LI J,GE Y,WANG M X,et al.Effects of Cd on tolerance physiology,nutrientsuptake and translocationinRicinus communis L.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(8):3081-3087.(in Chinese)
[9]肖厚军,芶久兰,何佳芳,等.镉胁迫下芹菜产量和氮,磷,钾吸收及镉积累量的变化[J].环境科技,2014,27(4):10-13.XIAO H J,GOU J L,HE J F,et al.Effect of cadmium stress on yield,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and cadmium uptake of apium graveolens[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014,27(4):10-13.(in Chinese)
[10]曹亚茹,孙凯宁,王克安,等.镉(Cd)胁迫对5种类型黄瓜幼苗生长,抗氧化酶活性及镉积累量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(9):107-113.CAO Y R,SUN K N,WANG K A,et al.Effects of Cd2+stress on growth,antioxidant enzvme actiVity and cadmium enrichment of cucumber seedings[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2017,49(9):107-113.(in Chinese)
[11]刘昭兵,纪雄辉,田发祥,等.不同基因型甘薯(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)吸收累积Cd的特征差异性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(9):1653-1658.LIU Z B,JI X H,TIAN F X,et al.Absorption and accumulation of Cd in different sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)genotypes[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(9):1653-1658.(in Chinese)
[12]胡玉龙,李雪华,赵苹艺,等.镉胁迫对甘薯苗生理生化指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(4):858-861.HU Y L,LI X H,ZHAO P Y,et al.Effects of cadmium stress on physiologic and biochemical characteristics of sweet potato[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(4):858-861.(in Chinese)
[13]GUPTA S,NAYEK S,SAHA R N,et al.Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in macrophyte,agricultural soil,and crop plants adjacent to discharge zone of sponge iron factory[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(4):731-739.
[14]刘侯俊,梁吉哲,韩晓日,等.东北地区不同水稻品种对Cd的累积特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):220-227.LIU H J,LIANG J Z,HAN X R,et al.Accumulation and distribution of cadmium in different rice cultivars of Northeastern China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):220-227.(in Chinese)
[15]王英,李正文,贺紫荆.不同水稻品种积累镉的差异及其动态变化[J].广西农业生物科学,2007,26(B06):82-85.WANG Y,LI Z W,HE Z J.Difference and dynamics of Cd up takeinfourrice cultivars[J].Guangxi Agricultural Biology Science,2007,26(B06):82-85.(in Chinese)
[16]张辉,张永春.肥料对甘薯营养品质影响的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(17):1-5.ZHANG H,ZHANG Y C.Research progress on effect of fertilizer on nutritional quality of sweet potato[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2017,45(17):1-5.(in Chinese)
[17]朱勇,叶宇飞,江潇潇,等.铅镉污染土壤上蔬菜种类的选择[J].浙江农业科学,2010(2):383-385.ZHU Y,YE Y F,JIANG X X,et al.Selection of vegetable species in lead and cadmium contaminated soils[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Science,2010(2):383-385.(in Chinese)
[18]张超凡,张道微,黄艳岚,等.甘薯与马铃薯在土壤镉污染治理中的应用研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2015(9):87-90.ZHANG C F,ZHANG D W,HUANG Y L,et al.Application research progress of sweet potato and potato in soil Cd pollution control[J].Hunan Agricultural Science,2015(9):87-90.(in Chinese)
[19]艾伦弘,汪模辉,李鉴伦,等.镉及镉锌交互作用的植物效应[J].广东微量元素科学,2005,12(12):6-11.AI L H,WANG M H,LI J L,et al.Effects of single Cd and interaction between Cd andZn on plant growth[J].Guangdong Trace Elements Science,2005,12(12):6-11.(in Chinese)
[20]史静,潘根兴,张乃明.镉胁迫对不同杂交水稻品种Cd,Zn吸收与积累的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2904.SHI J,PAN G X,ZHANG N M.Effects of cadmium stress on Cd and Zn uptake and accumulation of different cultivarsof hybrid rice[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(10):2904.(in Chinese)
[21]CHANEY R L,REEVES P G,RYAN J A,et al.An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks[J].Biometals,2004,17(5):549-553.
[22]KLELI N,EKER S,CAKMAK L.Effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in zinc-deficient soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,131(3):453-459.