生石灰为掺料的土遗址锚固浆液选型和性能研究
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摘要
锚固浆液的兼容性不理想、类型发展的滞后性成为制约土遗址锚固技术发展的关键问题。为了丰富锚固浆液类型和提高其兼容性,研究以传统材料生石灰为掺料,通过其与质量浓度为1.5%的SH黏结剂、黏土和粉煤灰拌和组成的SH-(CaO+C+F)锚固浆液进行流动性测试以及结石体进行物理、力学特性测试,确定了水灰比为0.5的浆液作为优选浆液。并以该型锚固浆液与2种不同材质的锚杆,在3种长度为变量的条件下组成的6种锚固系统开展原位试验。原位试验以获取6种锚固系统的破坏模式、极限荷载与极限荷载-位移特征以及锚固段应力沿锚固深度分布特征为目的,并对其进行分析与讨论。最后,通过对锚固力学机制的分析,对比并评价了该型锚固浆液的兼容性和锚固性能。该研究结果为土遗址锚固浆液的多样性选择提供了参考。
The incompatibility and the lag of type development of anchorage slurry have become the key problems restricting the development of anchorage technology in earthen sites. To improve the compatibility and enrich the types of anchorage slurry, the fluidity of SH-(CaO+C+F) anchorage slurry composed of traditional quicklime, clay and fly ash was tested, so did the physical and mechanical properties of stones. During the tests, the mass concentration of SH binder was 1.5%. Then, the anchorage slurry with water cement ratio of 0.5 was selected as the preferred slurry. Based on this, the in-situ anchorage test was performed in which six different kinds of anchorage systems composed of the selected slurry and two different kinds of anchorage bolts were tested at three variable lengths. The in-situ test aimed to obtain and analyze the failure modes, ultimate load and ultimate load-displacement characteristics and the distribution characteristics of stress along anchorage depth of six kinds of anchorage systems. Finally,compatibility and anchorage performance of this type of anchorage slurry were compared and evaluated through analysis of anchorage mechanics mechanism. The research results provided a reference for the selection of anchorage slurry diversity of earthen sites.
The incompatibility and the lag of type development of anchorage slurry have become the key problems restricting the development of anchorage technology in earthen sites. To improve the compatibility and enrich the types of anchorage slurry, the fluidity of SH-(CaO+C+F) anchorage slurry composed of traditional quicklime, clay and fly ash was tested, so did the physical and mechanical properties of stones. During the tests, the mass concentration of SH binder was 1.5%. Then, the anchorage slurry with water cement ratio of 0.5 was selected as the preferred slurry. Based on this, the in-situ anchorage test was performed in which six different kinds of anchorage systems composed of the selected slurry and two different kinds of anchorage bolts were tested at three variable lengths. The in-situ test aimed to obtain and analyze the failure modes, ultimate load and ultimate load-displacement characteristics and the distribution characteristics of stress along anchorage depth of six kinds of anchorage systems. Finally,compatibility and anchorage performance of this type of anchorage slurry were compared and evaluated through analysis of anchorage mechanics mechanism. The research results provided a reference for the selection of anchorage slurry diversity of earthen sites.
引文
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[16]王东华.土遗址中基于改性糯米灰浆和SH混合浆液锚杆锚固性能与机理研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.WANG Dong-hua.Performance and mechanism of bolts fully grouted by the modified glutinous rice mortar and SH-(C+F)mortar in earthen sites[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2016.
[17]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄,等.木质锚杆加固生土遗址研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2156-2159.SUN Man-li,WANG Xu-dong,LI Zui-xiong,et al.Study on immature earthen sites reinforced with wood anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2156-2159.
[18]王南,张景科,谌文武,等.基于水硬石灰与粉煤灰浆液的木锚杆锚固性能试验[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):313-319.WANG Nan,ZHANG Jing-ke,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Anchor performance of wood bolts fully grouted by natural hydraulic lime and fly ash slurry[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2016,52(3):313-319.
[19]谌文武,刘建,崔凯,等.土遗址裂隙注浆材料PS-(C+F)与SH-(C+F)性能对比研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2017(5):70-76.CHEN Wen-wu,LIU Jian,CUI Kai,et al.The comparative study to performance of the earthen sites fissure grouting material PS-(C+F)and SH-(C+F)[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2017(5):70-76.
[20]崔凯,王东华,谌文武,等.基于改性糯米灰浆的3种锚杆锚固性能对比研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):498-506.CUI Kai,WANG Dong-hua,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Comparative study of anchorage performance of three types of bolts fully grouted by the modified glutinous rice mortar[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):498-506.
[21]吴国宾.二灰稳定土有关石灰问题的试验研究[J].交通世界,2010(9):148-149.WU Guo-bin.Experimental study on lime problem of lime-fly ash stabilized soil[J].Transpoworld,2010(9):148-149.
[22]王云夫.二灰稳定土底基层配合比设计及使用特性分析[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2011(4):129-131.WANG Yun-fu.Analysis of mixture ratio design and working feature of lime fly ash stabilized soil base[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research(Application Technology Edition),2011(4):129-131.
[23]李国维,高磊,黄志怀,等.全长黏结玻璃纤维增强聚合物锚杆破坏机制拉拔模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1653-1663.LI Guo-wei,GAO Lei,HUANG Zhi-huai,et al.Pullout model experiment on failure mechanism of full length bonding glass fiber reinforced polymer rebar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1653-1663.
[24]范俊奇,董宏晓,高永红,等.全长注浆锚杆锚固段剪应力分布特征试验研究[J].实验力学,2014,29(2):250-256.FAN Jun-qi,DONG Hong-xiao,GAO Yong-hong,et al.Experimental study of shear stress distribution in internal anchoring section of a full length grouting anchor[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2014,29(2):250-256.
[25]杨校辉,朱彦鹏,郭楠,等.软岩深基坑预应力锚杆承载特性与滑移面确定试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):4287-4298.YANG Xiao-hui,ZHU Yan-peng,GUO Nan,et al.Experimental research on bearing behavior of prestressed anchor and determination of slip surface in deep excavation of weak rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Suppl.2):4287-4298.
[2]张景科,谌文武,李最雄,等.土遗址加固中木锚杆锚固机理的现场试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(6):1166-1171.ZHANG Jing-ke,CHEN Wen-wu,LI Zui-xiong,et al.Field tests on anchorage mechanism of wood bolts for conservation of earthen sites[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(6):1166-1171.
[3]张景科,谌文武,和法国,等.土遗址加固中GFRP锚杆锚固性能现场试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(5):804-810.ZHANG Jing-ke,CHEN Wen-wu,HE Fa-guo,et al.Field experimental study on anchorage performance of GFRP at conservation earthen sites[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(5):804-810.
[4]崔凯,王东华,谌文武,等.基于SH-(C+F)浆液锚杆锚固性能与机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(1):19-26.CUI Kai,WANG Dong-hua,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Performance and mechanism of bolts fully grouted with SH-(C+F)slurry[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(1):19-26.
[5]任小燕,王国道,蔡林海,等.青海民和县喇家遗址2000年发掘简报[J].考古,2002(12):12-28.REN Xiao-yan,WANG Guo-dao,CAI Lin-hai,et al.Abrief report on the excavation of the Rahab site in Minhe County,Qinghai,in 2000[J].Archaeology,2002(12):12-28.
[6]米海珍,高春.生石灰膨胀特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1253-1256.MI Hai-zhen,GAO Chun.Experimental study of expansive behaviors of quick lime[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1253-1256.
[7]李黎,赵林毅.中国古代石灰类材料研究[M].北京:文物出版社,2015.LI Li,ZHAO Lin-yi.Study on ancient chinese lime materials[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Cultural Relics Publishing House,2015.
[8]郭青林,孙满利,张景科,等.新疆交河故城东北佛寺加固技术中的保护理念[J].西部考古,2015(9):219-225.GUO Qing-lin,SUN Man-li,ZHANG Jing-ke,et al.Conception of conservation and consolidation technologies to buddhist temple in the northeast Jiaohe Sites in Xinjiang[J].Western Archaeology,2015(9):219-225.
[9]陆寿麟.我国文物保护理念的探索[J].东南文化,2012(2):6-9.LU Shou-lin.China's exploration for the concepts of cultural relics conservation[J].Southeast Culture,2012(2):6-9.
[10]兰州大学.甘肃明长城天祝段松山新城修缮工程勘察报告[R].兰州:兰州大学,2017.Lanzhou University.The Ming Great Wall section of Songshan Metro repair engineering investigation report,Tianzhu,Gansu[R].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2017.
[11]中华人民共和国水利部.GB/T50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.GB/T50123-1999 Standard for soil test method[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.
[12]任晓茹,张景科,王南,等.土遗址锚固用烧料礓石拌合遗址土浆液龄期性能[J].材料科学与工程学报,2017,35(1):62-66.REN Xiao-ru,ZHANG Jing-ke,WANG Nan,et al.Age performance of grout mixed with calcined ginger nuts and earthen fabric in anchoring conservation of earthen sites[J].Journal of Materials Science and Engineering,2017,35(1):62-66.
[13]张景科,谌文武,李最雄,等.土遗址锚固用PS-(C+F)浆液性能与结石体耐久性室内试验[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(10):1802-1809.ZHANG Jing-ke,CHEN Wen-wu,LI Zui-xiong,et al.Laboratory tests on property and durability of PS-(C+F)slurry used in anchoring conservation of earthen sites[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(10):1802-1809.
[14]中华人民共和国国家文物局.WW/T0038-2012干燥类土遗址保护加固工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.National Cultural Heritage Administration of the People's Republic of China.WW/T0038-2012 Design specification for preservation and reinforcement engineering of arid earthen sites in 2012[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2012.
[15]中国工程建设标准化协会.CECS22:2005岩土锚杆(索)技术规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization.CECS22:2005 Technical specification for ground anchors[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2005.
[16]王东华.土遗址中基于改性糯米灰浆和SH混合浆液锚杆锚固性能与机理研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.WANG Dong-hua.Performance and mechanism of bolts fully grouted by the modified glutinous rice mortar and SH-(C+F)mortar in earthen sites[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2016.
[17]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄,等.木质锚杆加固生土遗址研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(12):2156-2159.SUN Man-li,WANG Xu-dong,LI Zui-xiong,et al.Study on immature earthen sites reinforced with wood anchor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(12):2156-2159.
[18]王南,张景科,谌文武,等.基于水硬石灰与粉煤灰浆液的木锚杆锚固性能试验[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):313-319.WANG Nan,ZHANG Jing-ke,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Anchor performance of wood bolts fully grouted by natural hydraulic lime and fly ash slurry[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2016,52(3):313-319.
[19]谌文武,刘建,崔凯,等.土遗址裂隙注浆材料PS-(C+F)与SH-(C+F)性能对比研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2017(5):70-76.CHEN Wen-wu,LIU Jian,CUI Kai,et al.The comparative study to performance of the earthen sites fissure grouting material PS-(C+F)and SH-(C+F)[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2017(5):70-76.
[20]崔凯,王东华,谌文武,等.基于改性糯米灰浆的3种锚杆锚固性能对比研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):498-506.CUI Kai,WANG Dong-hua,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Comparative study of anchorage performance of three types of bolts fully grouted by the modified glutinous rice mortar[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):498-506.
[21]吴国宾.二灰稳定土有关石灰问题的试验研究[J].交通世界,2010(9):148-149.WU Guo-bin.Experimental study on lime problem of lime-fly ash stabilized soil[J].Transpoworld,2010(9):148-149.
[22]王云夫.二灰稳定土底基层配合比设计及使用特性分析[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2011(4):129-131.WANG Yun-fu.Analysis of mixture ratio design and working feature of lime fly ash stabilized soil base[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research(Application Technology Edition),2011(4):129-131.
[23]李国维,高磊,黄志怀,等.全长黏结玻璃纤维增强聚合物锚杆破坏机制拉拔模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1653-1663.LI Guo-wei,GAO Lei,HUANG Zhi-huai,et al.Pullout model experiment on failure mechanism of full length bonding glass fiber reinforced polymer rebar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1653-1663.
[24]范俊奇,董宏晓,高永红,等.全长注浆锚杆锚固段剪应力分布特征试验研究[J].实验力学,2014,29(2):250-256.FAN Jun-qi,DONG Hong-xiao,GAO Yong-hong,et al.Experimental study of shear stress distribution in internal anchoring section of a full length grouting anchor[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2014,29(2):250-256.
[25]杨校辉,朱彦鹏,郭楠,等.软岩深基坑预应力锚杆承载特性与滑移面确定试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊2):4287-4298.YANG Xiao-hui,ZHU Yan-peng,GUO Nan,et al.Experimental research on bearing behavior of prestressed anchor and determination of slip surface in deep excavation of weak rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Suppl.2):4287-4298.