秸秆与不同水平氮素配施对陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的影响
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摘要
为了探明秸秆配施氮素对陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的影响,采用Stanford间歇淋洗培养法,经过120 d室内培养,测定分析小麦秸秆0 t/hm~2+施纯氮0 kg/hm~2(N0)、小麦秸秆4.5 t/hm~2+施纯氮0 kg/hm~2(SN0)、小麦秸秆4.5 t/hm~2+施纯氮50 kg/hm~2(SN50)、小麦秸秆4.5 t/hm~2+施纯氮100 kg/hm~2(SN100)4种施肥方式下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的特征。研究发现:①秸秆配施氮素降低了土壤氨化速率和硝化速率;②与N0相比,SN0、SN50、SN100处理土壤氮素累积矿化量分别下降了19.14%、17.22%、13.47%;③土壤氮素累积矿化量的变化是硝态氮的变化引起的。表明秸秆配施氮素能够降低土壤氮素矿化水平。
In order to investigate the effects of straw combined with nitrogen application on nitrogen mineralization in the loess plateau of central Gansu province,Stanford batch elution culture method was used.After 120 days of indoor culture,4 fertilization application models including wheat straw 0 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 0 kg/hm~2(N0),wheat straw 4.5 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 0 kg/hm~2(SN0),wheat straw 4.5 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 50 kg/hm~2(SN50) and wheat straw 4.5 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 100 kg/hm~2(SN100) were set to discuss the characteristics of nitrogen mineralization in the loess plateau of central Gansu province.The results showed that:(a) the ammoniation rate and nitrification rate of soil were decreased by straw combined with nitrogen application;(b) compared with N0,the amount of soil nitrogen accumulation mineralization in SN0,SN50,SN100 treatment decreased by 19.14%,17.22% and 13.47% respectively;(c)the change of soil nitrogen accumulation mineralization was caused by the change of nitrate nitrogen.In conclusion,straw combined with nitrogen application can reduce the level of soil nitrogen mineralization.
In order to investigate the effects of straw combined with nitrogen application on nitrogen mineralization in the loess plateau of central Gansu province,Stanford batch elution culture method was used.After 120 days of indoor culture,4 fertilization application models including wheat straw 0 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 0 kg/hm~2(N0),wheat straw 4.5 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 0 kg/hm~2(SN0),wheat straw 4.5 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 50 kg/hm~2(SN50) and wheat straw 4.5 t/hm~2 + pure nitrogen 100 kg/hm~2(SN100) were set to discuss the characteristics of nitrogen mineralization in the loess plateau of central Gansu province.The results showed that:(a) the ammoniation rate and nitrification rate of soil were decreased by straw combined with nitrogen application;(b) compared with N0,the amount of soil nitrogen accumulation mineralization in SN0,SN50,SN100 treatment decreased by 19.14%,17.22% and 13.47% respectively;(c)the change of soil nitrogen accumulation mineralization was caused by the change of nitrate nitrogen.In conclusion,straw combined with nitrogen application can reduce the level of soil nitrogen mineralization.
引文
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[15] 石冰洁,李世清.地表覆盖对旱作玉米农田土壤氮素矿化的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):1-6,14.
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[19] Schulten HR,Schnitzer M.The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen:a review[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1997,26(1):1-15.
[2] 朱兴娟,李桂花,涂书新,等.秸秆和秸秆炭对黑土肥力及氮素矿化过程的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(12):2785-2792.
[3] 武均.不同管理措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤生态化学计量学特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文,2018.
[4] 田慎重,宁堂原,王瑜,等.不同耕作方式和秸秆还田对麦田土壤有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(2):373-378.
[5] 慕平,张恩和,王汉宁,等.不同年限全量玉米秸秆还田对玉米生长发育及土壤理化性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):291-296.
[6] 申源源,陈宏.秸秆还田对土壤改良的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(19):291-294.
[7] 宋庆妮,王兵,祁红艳,等.水分变化对毛竹林与常绿阔叶林土壤N素矿化的潜在影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3297-3304.
[8] 马力,杨林章,肖和艾,等.长期施肥和秸秆还田对红壤水稻土氮素分布和矿化特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):898-905.
[9] 唐淦海,刘郡英,谷春豪,等.作物秸秆与城市污泥高温好氧堆肥产物对土壤氮矿化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):326-331.
[10] Stanford G,Legg JO,Smith SJ.Soil nitrogen availability evaluations based on nitrogen mineralization potentials of soils and uptake of labeled and unlabeled nitrogen by plants[J].Plant & Soil,1973,39(1):113-124.
[11] Bremner JM.Organic nitrogen in soils[C]//Bartholomew WV,Clark FE.Soil Nitrogen.Am Soc Agron,Madison,Wisconsin,1965:93-149.
[12] 许明祥,刘国彬,卜崇峰,等.圆盘入渗仪法测定不同利用方式土壤渗透性试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):54-58.
[13] 袁瑞娜,赵英,张阿凤,等.生物质炭与不同形态氮肥配施对黄绵土氮素矿化的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):69-74.
[14] 王利利,董民,张璐,等.不同碳氮比有机肥对有机农业土壤微生物生物量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1073-1077.
[15] 石冰洁,李世清.地表覆盖对旱作玉米农田土壤氮素矿化的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(4):1-6,14.
[16] Harmsen GW,van Schreven DA.Mineralization of organic nitrogen in soil[J].Advances in Agronomy,1955,7:299-398.
[17] 张娟霞,刘伟刚,宁媛,等.长期秸秆还田与施氮后土壤活性碳、氮的变化[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):215-220.
[18] 沈其荣,史瑞和.不同土壤有机氮的化学组分及其有效性的研究[J].土壤通报,1990(2):54-57.
[19] Schulten HR,Schnitzer M.The chemistry of soil organic nitrogen:a review[J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,1997,26(1):1-15.