黄腐酸对西北旱作区马铃薯产量及品质的影响
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摘要
黄腐酸(Fulvicacid,FA)是一类植物生长调节剂,对农作物具有增产、提质、增强抗逆的作用。为明确基施黄腐酸对旱地马铃薯的产量及品质影响,于2015～2016年设置了T1(黄腐酸10kg/667m2),T2(黄腐酸20kg/667m2),T3(黄腐酸30kg/667m2),T4(黄腐酸40kg/667m2)和T5[不施黄腐酸(CK)]5个处理,研究在西北陇中旱作区基施黄腐酸对马铃薯产量、商品薯率、生育期、块茎品质、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数的影响以及分析基施黄腐酸提高马铃薯产量及品质的最佳施用量。试验结果表明,2015～2016年,T3处理下马铃薯产量,商品薯率,生育期均显著高于CK处理(P <0.05)。2015年,T3处理对淀粉、干物质、粗蛋白、维生素C、还原糖含量影响最大,相比对照CK增加16.7%、51.6%、40.5%、37.9%、23.5%。除还原糖指标外,其余指标相比对照CK达到显著水平(P <0.05)。2016年,T3处理下的淀粉、干物质、粗蛋白、维生素C、还原糖含量最大,相比对照CK增加32.5%、56.0%、68.3%、28.0%、16.7%,除还原糖外,其余指标与对照CK差异达到显著水平(P <0.05)。2015～2016年,T3处理下的叶绿素含量相比对照增长幅度大,而且差异达到显著水平(P <0.05),T4处理下的叶面积指数相比对照增长最大。T3处理能够显著提高马铃薯产量,改善品质,所以黄腐酸施用量30kg/667m2为西北陇中旱作区马铃薯的最佳黄腐酸施用量。
Fulvic acid(FA) is a plant growth regulator, which could increase crop production, improve quality and enhance the ability of stress resistance. In order to evaluate the effects of FA application rate on potato yield and quality in arid areas under rain-fed agriculture in Northwest China, five treatments, T1(FA 10 kg/667 m2), T2(FA 20 kg/667 m2), T3(FA30 kg/667 m2), T4(FA 40 kg/667 m2), and T5(without FA application(CK)) were set in potato cultivation in 2015-2016 and the effects of FA on potato yield, marketable tuber percentage, growth duration, tuber quality, chlorophyll content and leaf area index were investigated. The most reasonable application rate of FA on potato yield and quality were analyzed and explored in the arid areas of Longzhong in Northwest China. In 2015-2016, the potato yield, marketable tuber percentage, and growth duration under T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK treatment(P < 0.05). In 2015, the contents of starch,dry matter, crude protein, vitamin C and reducing sugar were the higest under T3 treatment and increased by 16.7%,51.6%, 40.5%, 37.9% and 23.5%, respectively, compared with the control. The differences were significant(P < 0.05)except for reducing sugar content. In 2016, the contents of starch, dry matter, crude protein, vitamin C and reducing sugar under T3 treatment reached the highest value, and increased by 32.5%, 56.0%, 68.3%, 28.0%, and 16.7%, respectively,compared with the control, the differences being significant(P < 0.05), except for reducing sugar content. In 2015-2016, the chlorophyll content under T3 treatment was significantly increased(P < 0.05), and the leaf area index under T4 treatment was increased the most compared with the control. The potato yield and quality could be improved significantly under T3 treatment, therefore application of FA at the rate of 30 kg/667 m2 was most reasonable for potatoes in the arid areas of Longzhong in Northwest China.
Fulvic acid(FA) is a plant growth regulator, which could increase crop production, improve quality and enhance the ability of stress resistance. In order to evaluate the effects of FA application rate on potato yield and quality in arid areas under rain-fed agriculture in Northwest China, five treatments, T1(FA 10 kg/667 m2), T2(FA 20 kg/667 m2), T3(FA30 kg/667 m2), T4(FA 40 kg/667 m2), and T5(without FA application(CK)) were set in potato cultivation in 2015-2016 and the effects of FA on potato yield, marketable tuber percentage, growth duration, tuber quality, chlorophyll content and leaf area index were investigated. The most reasonable application rate of FA on potato yield and quality were analyzed and explored in the arid areas of Longzhong in Northwest China. In 2015-2016, the potato yield, marketable tuber percentage, and growth duration under T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK treatment(P < 0.05). In 2015, the contents of starch,dry matter, crude protein, vitamin C and reducing sugar were the higest under T3 treatment and increased by 16.7%,51.6%, 40.5%, 37.9% and 23.5%, respectively, compared with the control. The differences were significant(P < 0.05)except for reducing sugar content. In 2016, the contents of starch, dry matter, crude protein, vitamin C and reducing sugar under T3 treatment reached the highest value, and increased by 32.5%, 56.0%, 68.3%, 28.0%, and 16.7%, respectively,compared with the control, the differences being significant(P < 0.05), except for reducing sugar content. In 2015-2016, the chlorophyll content under T3 treatment was significantly increased(P < 0.05), and the leaf area index under T4 treatment was increased the most compared with the control. The potato yield and quality could be improved significantly under T3 treatment, therefore application of FA at the rate of 30 kg/667 m2 was most reasonable for potatoes in the arid areas of Longzhong in Northwest China.
引文
[1]王天立.黄腐酸在农业上的应用[J].腐植酸, 1992(1):14-36.
[2]卢林纲.黄腐酸及其在农业上的应用[J].现代化农业, 2001(5):9-10.
[3]周莉娜,孙丽蓉,毛晖.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(1):154-158.
[4]韩玉国,任树梅,李云开.黄腐酸(FA)旱地龙在苹果节水生产中的应用效果研究[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(6):93-97.
[5]回振龙,李自龙,刘文瑜,等.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013, 33(8):1621-1629.
[6]梁强,叶燕萍,桂杰,等.喷施黄腐酸对干旱胁迫下甘蔗苗期叶绿素荧光参数及丙二醛的影响[J].广西植物, 2009, 29(4):527-532.
[7]韩玉竹,李阳春,刘晓静.黄腐酸对紫花苜蓿种子活力的影响[J].种子, 2009, 28(7):50-52.
[8]回振龙,李朝周,史文煊.黄腐酸改善连作马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的研究[J].草业学报, 2013, 22(4):130-136.
[9]赵永峰,吴林科,周皓蕾.黄腐酸在马铃薯上的应用效果初报[J].甘肃农业科技, 2002(5):41-42.
[10]王官茂,杨茂峰,李志燕.黄腐酸对马铃薯产量和商品薯率的影响[J].中国马铃薯, 2016, 30(1):25-30.
[11]邱孟柯,回振龙,黄晓鹏.黄腐酸对雾培马铃薯幼苗抗旱性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(3):155-161.
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[16]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 4版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2009.
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[18]庞庆阳,宣毓龙,蔡旭,等.棉粕腐植酸肥对土壤团聚体、酶及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2017, 35(4):54-60.
[19]彭正萍,门明新,薛世川,等.腐植酸复合肥对土壤养分转化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报, 2005, 28(4):1-4.
[20]马瑞昆,贾秀领.黄腐酸对小麦的生理作用及在节水栽培上的应用[J].腐植酸, 1995(3):17-25.
[21]边文骅,边志立.发酵黄腐酸对植物叶片气孔开张度的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版, 1997(3):311-313.
[22]马志军,杨旭升,郭春景.腐植酸生物活性影响植物根系发育的研究[J].腐植酸, 2004(1):16-20.
[2]卢林纲.黄腐酸及其在农业上的应用[J].现代化农业, 2001(5):9-10.
[3]周莉娜,孙丽蓉,毛晖.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(1):154-158.
[4]韩玉国,任树梅,李云开.黄腐酸(FA)旱地龙在苹果节水生产中的应用效果研究[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(6):93-97.
[5]回振龙,李自龙,刘文瑜,等.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013, 33(8):1621-1629.
[6]梁强,叶燕萍,桂杰,等.喷施黄腐酸对干旱胁迫下甘蔗苗期叶绿素荧光参数及丙二醛的影响[J].广西植物, 2009, 29(4):527-532.
[7]韩玉竹,李阳春,刘晓静.黄腐酸对紫花苜蓿种子活力的影响[J].种子, 2009, 28(7):50-52.
[8]回振龙,李朝周,史文煊.黄腐酸改善连作马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的研究[J].草业学报, 2013, 22(4):130-136.
[9]赵永峰,吴林科,周皓蕾.黄腐酸在马铃薯上的应用效果初报[J].甘肃农业科技, 2002(5):41-42.
[10]王官茂,杨茂峰,李志燕.黄腐酸对马铃薯产量和商品薯率的影响[J].中国马铃薯, 2016, 30(1):25-30.
[11]邱孟柯,回振龙,黄晓鹏.黄腐酸对雾培马铃薯幼苗抗旱性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(3):155-161.
[12]张宪政.作物生理研究法[M].北京:农业出版社, 1992.
[13]郝建军,康宗利,于洋.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2007.
[14]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2007.
[15]李向荣,方晓.果蔬与饮品中Vc的碘化钾萃取分光光度测定[J].浙江农业大学学报, 1994, 20(5):522-524.
[16]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 4版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2009.
[17]中华人民共和国农业部. NY/T 1489-2007农作物品种试验技术规程马铃薯[S].北京:中国农业出版社, 2008.
[18]庞庆阳,宣毓龙,蔡旭,等.棉粕腐植酸肥对土壤团聚体、酶及养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2017, 35(4):54-60.
[19]彭正萍,门明新,薛世川,等.腐植酸复合肥对土壤养分转化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报, 2005, 28(4):1-4.
[20]马瑞昆,贾秀领.黄腐酸对小麦的生理作用及在节水栽培上的应用[J].腐植酸, 1995(3):17-25.
[21]边文骅,边志立.发酵黄腐酸对植物叶片气孔开张度的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版, 1997(3):311-313.
[22]马志军,杨旭升,郭春景.腐植酸生物活性影响植物根系发育的研究[J].腐植酸, 2004(1):16-20.