模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征影响
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摘要
为阐明酸雨对水稻田土壤碳(TC)、氮(TN)、磷(TP)含量及其生态化学计量学特征影响,以福州平原水稻田为研究对象,在早稻和晚稻生长期中,设置对照(CK)、模拟酸雨(pH为2.5,3.5,4.5)处理,对酸雨影响下福州平原水稻田土壤TC、TN和TP含量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:综合早稻和晚稻生长期来看,酸雨处理下土壤TC、TN和TP含量均值均大于CK组(P<0.05),水稻成熟期各处理土壤TC含量均值均小于返青期和拔节期(P<0.01),水稻拔节期各处理土壤TN含量均值均小于返青期和成熟期(P<0.01),水稻成熟期各处理土壤TP含量均值均小于返青期和拔节期(P<0.01);整个生长期内,酸雨处理下土壤C/N、C/P和N/P的变化范围分别在7.87～10.86,8.38～9.91,0.82～1.26,早稻各生长期酸雨处理下土壤C/N、C/P和N/P均小于CK组(P<0.05);与早稻相比,晚稻N/P有显著下降,且C/N、C/P和N/P在返青期均大于CK组(P<0.05);早、晚稻拔节期各处理土壤C/N均大于返青期和成熟期(P<0.01);早、晚稻各生长期内C/P差异不显著;早、晚稻拔节期各处理土壤N/P均小于返青期和成熟期(P<0.01)。总体来看,酸雨处理提高了稻田土壤各生长期土壤碳、氮、磷含量,且稻田土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量学特征受酸雨影响显著,并具有较为明显的生长期变化。
In order to clarify the effect of acid rain on soil carbon(TC), nitrogen(TN), phosphorus(TP) content, and ecological stoichiometry characteristics, taking the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain as the research object, setting the control(CK), simulated acid rain(pH 2.5, 3.5, 4.5) treatment in the early rice and late rice growth period, the TC, TN and TP contents in paddy soil of Fuzhou Plain were measured and analyzed under the influence of acid rain. The results showed that the TC, TN, and TP contents in the soil under the acid rain treatments were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The average TC content in the soil at the maturity stage was lower than that at the greening stage and the jointing stage(P<0.01). The average TN content of each treatment in soil at the jointing stage of rice was less than that at the regreening stage and maturity stage(P<0.01). The average soil TP content at maturity stage was less than that at regreening stage and jointing stage(P<0.01). During the whole growth period, the C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios in the soil under acid rain treatment ranged from 7.87 ～ 10.86, 8.38 ～ 9.91 and 0.82 ～ 1.26, respectively. The C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios were smaller than that of the CK(P<0.05). Compared with early rice, the N/P ratio of late paddy decreased significantly, and the C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios were higher at the regreening stage than in the CK(P<0.05). The C/N ratio at jointing stage was higher than that at regreening and maturity stages(P<0.01). The difference of C/P ratio was not significant during the growth periods of early and late rice. The N/P ratio of each treatment at jointing stage of early and late rice was lower than that at regreening and maturity stages(P<0.01). In general, acid rain treatment increased soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in paddy soils, and the ecological stoichiometry characteristics in paddy soils was also significantly affected by acid rain, moreover, appeared obviously growth period variation.
In order to clarify the effect of acid rain on soil carbon(TC), nitrogen(TN), phosphorus(TP) content, and ecological stoichiometry characteristics, taking the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain as the research object, setting the control(CK), simulated acid rain(pH 2.5, 3.5, 4.5) treatment in the early rice and late rice growth period, the TC, TN and TP contents in paddy soil of Fuzhou Plain were measured and analyzed under the influence of acid rain. The results showed that the TC, TN, and TP contents in the soil under the acid rain treatments were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The average TC content in the soil at the maturity stage was lower than that at the greening stage and the jointing stage(P<0.01). The average TN content of each treatment in soil at the jointing stage of rice was less than that at the regreening stage and maturity stage(P<0.01). The average soil TP content at maturity stage was less than that at regreening stage and jointing stage(P<0.01). During the whole growth period, the C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios in the soil under acid rain treatment ranged from 7.87 ～ 10.86, 8.38 ～ 9.91 and 0.82 ～ 1.26, respectively. The C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios were smaller than that of the CK(P<0.05). Compared with early rice, the N/P ratio of late paddy decreased significantly, and the C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios were higher at the regreening stage than in the CK(P<0.05). The C/N ratio at jointing stage was higher than that at regreening and maturity stages(P<0.01). The difference of C/P ratio was not significant during the growth periods of early and late rice. The N/P ratio of each treatment at jointing stage of early and late rice was lower than that at regreening and maturity stages(P<0.01). In general, acid rain treatment increased soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in paddy soils, and the ecological stoichiometry characteristics in paddy soils was also significantly affected by acid rain, moreover, appeared obviously growth period variation.
引文
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[18] 宋晓梅,曹向阳.模拟酸雨对不同园林植物叶片生理生态特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,31(2):365-370.
[19] Lv Y,Wang C Y,Jia Y Y,et al.Effects of sulfuric,nitric,and mixed acid rain on litter decomposition,soil microbial biomass,and enzyme activities in subtropical forests of China [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,79:1-9.
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[21] Wang Z P,Delaune R D,Lindau C W,et al.Methane production from anaerobic soil amended with rice straw and nitrogen fertilizers [J].Fertilizer Research,1992,33(2):115-121.
[22] Zhang X M,Liu W ,Zhang G M,et al.Mechanisms of soil acidification reducing bacterial diversity [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,81:275-281.
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[25] 徐华勤,章家恩,余家瑜,等.模拟酸雨对赤红壤磷素及Ca2+、Al3+、Fe2+淋失特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011(5):1172-1178.
[26] 徐一兰,唐海明,程爱武,等.长期不同施肥模式对双季稻田土壤养分及水稻产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(6):192-197.
[27] Becker M ,Asch F ,Maskey S L,et al.Effects of transition season management on soil N dynamics and system N balances in rice-wheat rotations of Nepal [J].Field Crops Research,2007,103(2):98-108.
[28] 李占斌,周波,马田田,等.黄土丘陵区生态治理对土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):312-318.
[29] Zhang P,Wei T,Li Y L,et al.Effects of straw incorporation on the stratification of the soil organic C,total N and C∶N ratio in a semiarid region of China [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,153:28-35.
[30] Liu Y X,Yang M,Wu Y M,et al.Reducing CH4 and CO2 emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar [J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(6):930-939.
[31] 赵维俊,刘贤德,金铭,等.祁连山青海云杉林叶片-枯落物-土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):477-489.
[32] 俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章.不同氮肥管理模式对太湖流域稻田土壤氮素渗漏的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):988-995.
[33] 周娟,袁珍贵,郭莉莉,等.土壤酸化对作物生长发育的影响及改良措施[J].作物研究,2013,27(1):96-102.
[2] 季晓燕,江洪,洪江华,等.模拟酸雨对亚热带3个树种凋落叶分解速率及分解酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2027-2035.
[3] 陈彬彬,王宏,郑秋萍,等.福建省区域酸雨特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(4):70-76.
[4] 朱迎迎,金琎,朱勇良.两种叶面肥对酸雨胁迫下水稻分蘖期生理指标影响[J].分子植物育种,2018,16(14):4785-4792.
[5] Berger T W,Muras A.Predicting recovery from acid rain using the micro-spatial heterogeneity of soil columns downhill the infiltration zone of beech stem flow:Introduction of a hypothesis [J].Modeling Earth Systems and Environment,2016,2(3):154-160.
[6] 梁国华,张德强,卢雨宏,等.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林土壤CNP生态化学计量特征对长期模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(5):844-851.
[7] 张宇飞,方向民,陈伏生,等.模拟酸雨对红壤区茶树器官氮磷含量及其化学计量比的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1309-1316.
[8] 叶春,蒲玉琳,张世熔,等.湿地退化条件下土壤碳氮磷储量与生态化学计量变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):181-187.
[9] 洪江涛,吴建波,王小丹.全球气候变化对陆地植物碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2658-2665.
[10] 戚德辉,温仲明,王红霞,等.黄土丘陵区不同功能群植物碳氮磷生态化学计量特征及其对微地形的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6420-6430.
[11] 李路,常亚鹏,许仲林.等.天山雪岭云杉林土壤CNP化学计量特征随水热梯度的变化[J].生态学报,2018,38(22):8139-8148.
[12] 付姗,吴琴,尧波,等.南矶湿地土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量比沿水位梯度的分布[J].湿地科学,2015,13(3):374-380.
[13] 闫玉琴,解刚,项宇,等.毛乌素沙地湖滨带沉积物碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):223-228.
[14] 安婉丽,曾从盛,王维奇,等.模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10):3984-3994.
[15] Wang W,Zeng C,Sardans J,et al.Amendment with industrial and agricultural wastes reduces surface-water nutrient loss and storage of dissolved greenhouse gases in a subtropical paddy field [J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2016,231:296-303.
[16] 张英利,许安民,杨玉秀,等.自动分析仪测定土壤全磷的方法探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):168-171.
[17] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[18] 宋晓梅,曹向阳.模拟酸雨对不同园林植物叶片生理生态特性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2017,31(2):365-370.
[19] Lv Y,Wang C Y,Jia Y Y,et al.Effects of sulfuric,nitric,and mixed acid rain on litter decomposition,soil microbial biomass,and enzyme activities in subtropical forests of China [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,79:1-9.
[20] Dise N B,Verry E S.Suppression of peatland methane emission by cumulative sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain [J].Biogeochemistry,2001,53(2):143-160.
[21] Wang Z P,Delaune R D,Lindau C W,et al.Methane production from anaerobic soil amended with rice straw and nitrogen fertilizers [J].Fertilizer Research,1992,33(2):115-121.
[22] Zhang X M,Liu W ,Zhang G M,et al.Mechanisms of soil acidification reducing bacterial diversity [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,81:275-281.
[23] 张新明,张俊平,刘素萍,等.模拟酸雨对荔枝园土壤氮素迁移和土壤酸化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):18-21.
[24] Krivtsov V,Liddell K,Bezginova T,et al.Forest litter bacteria:Relationships with fungi,microfauna,and litter composition over a winter-spring period [J].Polish Journal of Ecology,2005,53(3):383-394.
[25] 徐华勤,章家恩,余家瑜,等.模拟酸雨对赤红壤磷素及Ca2+、Al3+、Fe2+淋失特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011(5):1172-1178.
[26] 徐一兰,唐海明,程爱武,等.长期不同施肥模式对双季稻田土壤养分及水稻产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(6):192-197.
[27] Becker M ,Asch F ,Maskey S L,et al.Effects of transition season management on soil N dynamics and system N balances in rice-wheat rotations of Nepal [J].Field Crops Research,2007,103(2):98-108.
[28] 李占斌,周波,马田田,等.黄土丘陵区生态治理对土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):312-318.
[29] Zhang P,Wei T,Li Y L,et al.Effects of straw incorporation on the stratification of the soil organic C,total N and C∶N ratio in a semiarid region of China [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,153:28-35.
[30] Liu Y X,Yang M,Wu Y M,et al.Reducing CH4 and CO2 emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar [J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(6):930-939.
[31] 赵维俊,刘贤德,金铭,等.祁连山青海云杉林叶片-枯落物-土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):477-489.
[32] 俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章.不同氮肥管理模式对太湖流域稻田土壤氮素渗漏的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):988-995.
[33] 周娟,袁珍贵,郭莉莉,等.土壤酸化对作物生长发育的影响及改良措施[J].作物研究,2013,27(1):96-102.