设施蔬菜种植开沟机的设计与试验
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摘要
针对开挖设施蔬菜种植沟的作业要求,设计一种与大棚拖拉机挂接使用的设施蔬菜种植开沟机,该机采用液压折叠式机架、安装若干个船形铲式开沟器等部件,一次可完成旋耕整地、开挖8～10条种植沟、稳固沟形等作业。介绍设施蔬菜沟内种植的农艺要求,论述设施蔬菜种植开沟机的结构、工作原理及关键部件的设计,并用UG软件对该机进行三维建模和对其主要受力部件的有限元分析,仿真结果表明,机架最大位移为3.091 mm,作业时需要液压缸以较大的推力压住左(右)边机架。田间试验结果表明,沟形准确性≥99.5%、沟形稳固性≥92%,设计的设施蔬菜种植开沟机满足作业要求,并提高开蔬菜种植沟的质量和效率。
According to the operation requirements of facility vegetables cultivation ditching, a facility vegetables cultivation ditching machine was designed, which is used in conjunction with a greenhouse tractor. The machine is adopted hydraulic folding frame, installing several ship shaped shovel type furrow opener and other components. It can complete several operations at once, such as, rotary tilling and land preparation, excavating 8 to 10 cultivation furrows, and stabilizing furrow shape. The agronomic requirements of facility vegetable cultivating in furrows were introduced. Than, the structure, working principle and design of critical components of facility vegetables cultivation ditching machine were discussed. The 3 D modeling and the main force components' finite element analysis of the machine were carried out by UG software. The simulation results show that the maximum displacement of the frame is 3.091 mm, and the hydraulic cylinder is required to press the left(right) frame with a large thrust during operation. Field experiment results show that the furrow shape accuracy is greater than 99.5% and the furrow shape stability is greater than 92%. So the designed machine has met the operational requirements, and it improved the quality and efficiency of facility vegetables cultivation ditching.
According to the operation requirements of facility vegetables cultivation ditching, a facility vegetables cultivation ditching machine was designed, which is used in conjunction with a greenhouse tractor. The machine is adopted hydraulic folding frame, installing several ship shaped shovel type furrow opener and other components. It can complete several operations at once, such as, rotary tilling and land preparation, excavating 8 to 10 cultivation furrows, and stabilizing furrow shape. The agronomic requirements of facility vegetable cultivating in furrows were introduced. Than, the structure, working principle and design of critical components of facility vegetables cultivation ditching machine were discussed. The 3 D modeling and the main force components' finite element analysis of the machine were carried out by UG software. The simulation results show that the maximum displacement of the frame is 3.091 mm, and the hydraulic cylinder is required to press the left(right) frame with a large thrust during operation. Field experiment results show that the furrow shape accuracy is greater than 99.5% and the furrow shape stability is greater than 92%. So the designed machine has met the operational requirements, and it improved the quality and efficiency of facility vegetables cultivation ditching.
引文
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[4] 於锋,马立新,孙志远.江苏省设施蔬菜机械化分析研究[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(10):86-90.Yu Feng,Ma Lixin,Sun Zhiyuan.Study on the facility vegetable mechanization in Jiangsu Province [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(10):86-90.
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[7] 王永振,张昊,刘理民,等.基于AMEsim的果园管理机液压系统动态特性研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(6):32-35.Wang Yongzhen,Zhang Hao,Liu Limin,et al.Research on dynamic characteristic of hydraulic system for orchard management machine based on AMEsim [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(6):32-35.
[8] 戴有华,史修坤.茶园深松施肥机的设计与分析[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(3):26-30.Dai Youhua,Shi Xiukun.Design and analysis of deep subsoiling and fertilizing machine for tea plantation [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(3):26-30.