蓄水坑灌不同灌水上下限对苹果树叶片蒸腾日变化的影响
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摘要
在田间试验条件下,以10 a生矮化型红富士长富二号苹果树为材料,对不同灌水上下限条件(蓄水坑灌处理T1:田间持水量的80%与60%、T2:田间持水量的90%与70%、T3:田间持水量的100%与80%;地面灌溉对照处理CK:田间持水量的80%与60%)叶片蒸腾及其影响因素的日变化进行研究,并分析叶片水分利用效率对不同灌水上下限的响应。结果表明:不同处理苹果树叶片蒸腾速率日变化特征基本一致,均为单峰曲线且峰值都出现在13∶00,日平均叶片蒸腾速率大小排序为T3>T2>CK>T1;叶片蒸腾速率主要受土壤含水率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、大气温度、叶面温度的影响。叶片水分利用效率日变化呈先降低后升高的趋势,日平均叶片水分利用效率大小排序为T1>T2>T3>CK,且T1与T2、T3、CK都有显著性差异。综合对比知,T1的节水效果最显著。
Under field conditions,the experiment,with 10 years growth of dwarfing ChangfuⅡtype Red Fuji apple trees treated as materials,the effect of different irrigation upper and lower limits,including water storage pit irrigation treatment T1,80% and 60% of field water capacity,T2,90% and 70% of field water capacity,T3,100% and 80% of field water capacity,and control treatment of ground irrigation,CK,80% and 60% of field water capacity,on the diurnal variation of transpiration and its influencing factors of apple tree leaves were studied,and the response of leaf water use efficiency to different upper and lower irrigation levels was analyzed. The results show that: the diurnal variation of transpiration rate of apple leaves under different treatments is basically consistent,both of which are unimodal curves and the peak values appear at 13 ∶ 00. The average daily transpiration rate is ranked as T3>T2>CK>T1. Leaf transpiration rate is mainly affected by soil moisture content,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,atmospheric temperature and leaf surface temperature. The diurnal variation of water use efficiency of leaves shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The average daily water use efficiency of leaves is ranked as T1>T2>T3>CK,and there are significant differences between T1,T2,T3 and CK. According to the comprehensive comparison,T1 has the most significant water-saving effect.
Under field conditions,the experiment,with 10 years growth of dwarfing ChangfuⅡtype Red Fuji apple trees treated as materials,the effect of different irrigation upper and lower limits,including water storage pit irrigation treatment T1,80% and 60% of field water capacity,T2,90% and 70% of field water capacity,T3,100% and 80% of field water capacity,and control treatment of ground irrigation,CK,80% and 60% of field water capacity,on the diurnal variation of transpiration and its influencing factors of apple tree leaves were studied,and the response of leaf water use efficiency to different upper and lower irrigation levels was analyzed. The results show that: the diurnal variation of transpiration rate of apple leaves under different treatments is basically consistent,both of which are unimodal curves and the peak values appear at 13 ∶ 00. The average daily transpiration rate is ranked as T3>T2>CK>T1. Leaf transpiration rate is mainly affected by soil moisture content,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,atmospheric temperature and leaf surface temperature. The diurnal variation of water use efficiency of leaves shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The average daily water use efficiency of leaves is ranked as T1>T2>T3>CK,and there are significant differences between T1,T2,T3 and CK. According to the comprehensive comparison,T1 has the most significant water-saving effect.
引文
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[14]韩磊,孙兆军,展秀丽,等.宁夏河东沙区柠条植株叶片蒸腾对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):756-761.
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[18]李蕊.蓄水坑灌坑深及灌水对矮砧苹果幼树生长影响研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.
[2]牛丽丽,张学培,曹奇光.植物蒸腾耗水研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(2):158-160,163.
[3] GREEN S R,VOGELER L,CLOTHIER B E,et al. Modelling water uptake by a mature apple tree[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2003,41(3):365-380.
[4]李禄军.柠条叶片蒸腾速率日变化节律及其影响因子分析[J].西部林业科学,2006,36(3):104-106.
[5]孙慧珍,李海朝.梨园不同尺度耗水量对比研究[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(4):768-770.
[6]刘祖贵,陈金平,段爱旺,等.不同土壤水分处理对夏玉米叶片光合等生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006(1):90-95.
[7]赵燕东,高超,张新,等.植物水分胁迫实时在线检测方法研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):290-300.
[8]贺忠群,邹志荣.黄瓜结果期灌水上限的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):84-88.
[9]张娟,郝仲勇,杨胜利,等.不同灌水上下限对温室白萝卜生长生理特性的影响[J].黑龙江水利,2016,2(8):1-7,13.
[10]何正乾,成自勇,张芮,等.不同灌水上限对酿酒葡萄光合特性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(8):52-55.
[11]李泽霞,成自勇,张芮,等.不同灌水上限对酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(6):83-85.
[12]张娟,马福生,杨胜利,等.不同灌水上下限对温室白萝卜产量、品质及WUE的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(4):31-36.
[13]姚佳宾,李和平,吴鑫淼,等.不同灌水下限对盆栽油葵生长、耗水及产量的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(5):23-27.
[14]韩磊,孙兆军,展秀丽,等.宁夏河东沙区柠条植株叶片蒸腾对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):756-761.
[15]孙西欢.蓄水坑灌法及其水土保持作用[J].水土保持学报,2002(3):130-131.
[16]仇群伊.蓄水坑灌条件下苹果树蒸发蒸腾特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2014.
[17]王颖苗,孙西欢,郭向红,等.蓄水坑灌不同坑深条件下苹果树叶片蒸腾特性研究[J].节水灌溉,2015(6):10-13,17.
[18]李蕊.蓄水坑灌坑深及灌水对矮砧苹果幼树生长影响研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.