模拟CO_2浓度升高对三江平原中小型土壤动物多样性和功能群结构的影响
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摘要
了解模拟CO_2浓度升高背景下湿地土壤动物的响应特征是研究湿地生物多样性保护的基础。本研究以三江平原中小型土壤动物为研究对象,采用开顶式CO_2气室(OTC)模拟CO_2浓度升高(370、550和700μmol·mol~(–1)),利用干、湿漏斗分离法分离中小型土壤动物,研究中小型土壤动物对CO_2浓度升高的响应规律。结果表明,1)共获得中小型土壤动物4 985只,隶属于7纲13目62个类群(除妧目外统计到科,幼虫和成虫分开统计),在不同CO_2浓度处理下的中小型土壤动物群落组成差异显著(P <0.05)。2)随着CO_2浓度升高,中小型土壤动物多度显著增加(P <0.05),均匀度显著降低,但中小型土壤动物类群数、群落多样性、优势度以及丰富度均无显著变化(P> 0.05)。3)随CO_2浓度升高,杂食性动物和腐食性动物多度显著增加(P <0.05),而植食性动物和捕食性动物多度和类群数无显著变化(P> 0.05)。4)冗余分析(RDA)显示,中小型土壤动物总个体数与植物生物量、有机质以及土壤全磷相关性达到显著水平(P <0.05),与其他土壤环境因子间均未达到显著相关性(P> 0.05)。研究表明,在CO_2浓度升高背景下,三江平原小叶章植物生物量、土壤有机质以及土壤全磷水平影响中小型土壤动物多度分布,并影响到中小型土壤动物功能群结构分布特征。
Understanding the response characteristics of wetland soil fauna under elevated CO_2 concentrations is fundamental to wetland biodiversity conservation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high CO_2 concentrations(370, 550, and 700 ppm) on the soil fauna of a Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain. Experiments were conducted in an open top chamber using the Tullgren and Baermann funnels to extract soil animals. The results showed that:1) a total of 4, 985 soil fauna belonging to 62 groups(statistics presented to the family level except for Acerentomata;statistics for larvae and adults presented separately) from 7 classes in 13 orders were obtained and they showed significant differences under different CO_2 concentrations(P < 0.05). 2) With the increase in CO_2 concentrations, the abundance of soil fauna increased and the Pielou index decreased significantly(P < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Margalef indexes(P > 0.05). 3) With the increase in CO_2 concentrations, the abundance of omnivorous and saprophagous functional groups increased significantly(P < 0.05), but the abundance and group number of phytophagous and predatory functional groups exhibited no significant change(P > 0.05). 4) Redundancy analysis revealed the relationship between the total number of soil fauna and soil organic matter, soil total phosphorus, and Calamagrostis angustifolia biomass with significant correlation(P < 0.05) observed between them. However, the total number of soil fauna had an insignificant effect on other soil environmental factors(P > 0.05). It is obvious that Calamagrostis angustifolia biomass, soil organic matter, and soil total phosphorus affect the abundance distribution and the distribution characteristics of functional groups of soil meso-and micro-fauna in the Sanjiang Plain.
Understanding the response characteristics of wetland soil fauna under elevated CO_2 concentrations is fundamental to wetland biodiversity conservation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high CO_2 concentrations(370, 550, and 700 ppm) on the soil fauna of a Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain. Experiments were conducted in an open top chamber using the Tullgren and Baermann funnels to extract soil animals. The results showed that:1) a total of 4, 985 soil fauna belonging to 62 groups(statistics presented to the family level except for Acerentomata;statistics for larvae and adults presented separately) from 7 classes in 13 orders were obtained and they showed significant differences under different CO_2 concentrations(P < 0.05). 2) With the increase in CO_2 concentrations, the abundance of soil fauna increased and the Pielou index decreased significantly(P < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Margalef indexes(P > 0.05). 3) With the increase in CO_2 concentrations, the abundance of omnivorous and saprophagous functional groups increased significantly(P < 0.05), but the abundance and group number of phytophagous and predatory functional groups exhibited no significant change(P > 0.05). 4) Redundancy analysis revealed the relationship between the total number of soil fauna and soil organic matter, soil total phosphorus, and Calamagrostis angustifolia biomass with significant correlation(P < 0.05) observed between them. However, the total number of soil fauna had an insignificant effect on other soil environmental factors(P > 0.05). It is obvious that Calamagrostis angustifolia biomass, soil organic matter, and soil total phosphorus affect the abundance distribution and the distribution characteristics of functional groups of soil meso-and micro-fauna in the Sanjiang Plain.
引文
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[2]COX P M,PEARSON D,BOOTH B B,FRIEDLINGSTEIN P,HUNTINGFORD C,JONES C D,LUKE C M.Sensitivity of tropical carbon to climate change constrained by carbon dioxide variability.Nature,2013,494:341.
[3]梁文举,黄国宏.土壤动物对大气CO2浓度升高响应研究的进展.世界科技研究与发展,2001(1):69-73.LIANG W J,HUANG G H.Advance of study on the response of soil fauna to elevated atmospheric CO2.World Scientific Research and Development,2001(1):69-73.
[4]ALLEN M F,KLIRONOMOS J N,TRESEDER K K,OECHEL W C.Responses of soil biota to elevated CO2 in a chaparral ecosystem.Ecological Applications,2005,15(5):1701-1711.
[5]CO?TEAUX M M,BOLGER T.Interactions between atmospheric CO2 enrichment and soil fauna.Plant and Soil,2000,224(1):123-134.
[6]LINDROTH R L.Impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3 on forests:Phytochemistry,trophic interactionsand ecosystem dynamics.Journal of Chemical Ecology,2010,36(1):2-21.
[7]SANCHEZ-DE L Y,WISE D H,LUGO-PEREZ J,Norby R J,JAMES S W,GONZALEZ-MELER M A.Endogeic earthworm densities increase in response to higher fine-root production in a forest exposed to elevated CO2.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2018,122:31-38.
[8]ANSLAN S,BAHRAM M,TEDERSOO L.Seasonal and annual variation in fungal communities associated with epigeic springtails(Collembola spp.)in boreal forests.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2018,116:245-252.
[9]王辉,王新谱,王建芳.6种不同土地利用方式下步甲分布与环境的相关分析.草业科学,2018,35(11):2728-2737.WANG H,WANG X P,WANG J F.A canonical correspondence analysis of the relationship between ground beetle distribution and environmental factors in six land use types.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(11):2728-2737.
[10]连旭,隋玉柱,武海涛,刘冬,郗敏,管强.秸秆还田对黑土农田土壤甲螨群落结构的影响.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):134-142.LIAN X,SUI Y Z,WU H T,LIU D,CHI M,GUAN Q.Effect of on-site recycling of straw on community structure of soil Oribatida in black soil farmland.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(1):134-142.
[11]邢军会,倪红伟,王建波.二氧化碳浓度升高与氮沉降对三江平原小叶章群落生物量累积及其分配格局的影响.中国农学通报,2011,27(13):49-54.XING J H,NI H W,WANG J B.Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and N deposition on plant biomass accumulation and allocation in the communities of Deyeuxia angustifolia in Sanjiang Plain.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(13):49-54.
[12]张继舟,倪红伟,王建波,袁磊,王宏韬.模拟氮沉降和CO2浓度增加对三江平原小叶章群落土壤总有机碳和氮素含量的影响.地球与环境,2013,41(3):216-225.ZHANG J Z,NI H W,WANG J B,YUAN L,WANG H T.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition and elevated CO2 concentration on soil organic carbon and nitrogen of Deyeuxia angustifolia community on the Sanjiang Plain.Earth and Environment,2013,41(3):216-225.
[13]隋心,张荣涛,杨立宾,许楠,钟海秀,王继丰,倪红伟.三江平原不同类型小叶章湿地土壤细菌群落功能多样性.环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1479-1486.SUI X,ZHANG R T,YANG L B,XU N,ZHONG H X,WANG J F,NI H W.Bacterial community functional diversity of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain.Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(10):1479-1486.
[14]SOONG J L,VANDEGEHUCHT M L,HORTON A J,NIELSENU N,DENEFK,SHAW E A,PARTON W,WALL D H,COTRUFO M F.Soil microarthropods support ecosystem productivity and soil C accrual:Evidence from a litter decomposition study in the tallgrass prairie.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,92:230-238.
[15]COLE L,BUCKLAND S M,BARDGETT R D.Influence of disturbance and nitrogen addition on plant and soil animal diversity in grassland.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(2):505-514.
[16]倪红伟,李君.洪河自然保护区生物多样性.哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1999.NI H W,LI J.Biodiversity in Honghe Nature Reserve.Harbin:Heilongjiang science and Technology Press,1999.
[17]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998.YIN W Y.Pictorical Keys to Soil Animals of China.Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[18]尹文英.中国亚热带土壤动物.北京:科学出版社,1992.YIN W Y.Subtropical Soil Animals of China.Beijing:Science Press,1992.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.BAO S D.Soil Agrochemical Analysis.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007.
[20]张雪萍,侯威岭,陈鹏.东北森林土壤动物同功能种团及其生态分布.应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(4):370-374.ZHANG X P,HOU W L,CHEN P.Soil animals guilds and their ecological distribution in the Northeast of China.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2001,7(4):370-374.
[21]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.SUN R Y.Principles of Zoology(The 3rd edition).Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2001.
[22]尹文英.土壤动物学研究的回顾与展望.生物学通报,2001,36(8):1-3.YIN W Y.Review and prospect of research on soil zoology.Bulletin of Biology,2001,36(8):1-3.
[23]KARDOL P,REYNOLDS W N,NORBY R J,Classen A T.Climate change effects on soil microarthropod abundance and community structure.Applied Soil Ecology,2011,47(1):37-44.
[24]BALL B A,BRADFORD M A,COLEMAN D C,HUNTER M D.Linkages between below and aboveground communities:Decomposer responses to simulated tree species loss are largely additive.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1155-1163.
[25]EISENHAUER N,CESARZ S,KOLLER R,WORM K,REICH P B.Global change belowground:Impacts of elevated CO2,nitrogen,and summer drought on soil food webs and biodiversity.Global Change Biology,2012,18(2):435-447.
[26]BLANKINSHIP J C,NIKLAUS P A,HUNGATE B A.A meta-analysis of responses of soil biota to global change.Oecologia,2011,165(3):553-565.
[27]殷秀琴,安静超,陶岩,辛未冬,蒋云峰,王富斌.拉萨河流域健康湿地与退化湿地大型土壤动物群落比较研究.资源科学,2010,32(9):1643-1649.YIN X Q,AN J C,TAO Y,XIN W D,JIANG Y F,WANG F B.Community changes of soil macrofauna in native and degenerative wetlands of the Lhasa River.Resources Science,2010,32(9):1643-1649.
[28]朱新玉,刘洁,贺振,吴东辉.耕作方式对玉-豆轮作地表节肢动物多样性及其营养结构的影响.生态学报,2018,38(20):1-11.ZHU X Y,LIU J,HE Z,WU D H.Response of ground-dwelling arthropod community diversity and its trophic structure in relation tillage regimes under maize-soybean rotation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(20):1-11.
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