云南元阳农村寄宿制小学哈尼族儿童营养状况调查
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摘要
[目的]了解云南省红河州元阳县农村寄宿制小学哈尼族学生的营养状况,为营养干预提供科学依据。[方法]采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取元阳县3所寄宿制小学共579名小学生作为研究对象,进行体格检查和营养KAP问卷调查。[结果]调查对象总体BMI值为(16. 8±2. 2),其中低体重占2. 07%,超重占4. 32%,肥胖占2. 94%; 1. 9%的小学生血压值偏高;营养知识总体合格率为55. 79%;有75%的学生愿意学习营养健康知识;每天吃早餐的学生占总人数的40. 95%; 68. 22%的学生喜欢参加课外体育活动。[结论]调查对象超重和肥胖率高于云南省平均水平,营养知识较匮乏,且存在着不良的饮食行为,应该开展有效的营养干预,提高哈尼族小学生的营养健康水平。
Objective To understand nutriture of Hani nationality students in rural primary boarding school in Yuanyang of Yunnan province so as to provide scientific data for nutritional intervention. Methods A total of 579 primary school students from 3 boarding schools in Yuanyang county were selected as the research objects by cluster random sampling for physical examination and KAP questionnaire survey. Results BMI value of the subjects was 16. 8 ± 2. 2,with low weight rate was 2. 07%,overweight accounted for 4. 32% and obesity accounted for 2. 94%. 1. 9% of primary school students whose blood pressure were higher than normal. The overall qualified rate of nutritional knowledge was 55. 79%. 75% of the students were willing to learn about nutrition and health knowledge. Only 40. 95% of students who had breakfast every day. 68. 22% of students liked to participate in extra-curricular sports activities. Conclusions The overweight and obesity rates of the subjects are higher than average level of Yunnan. The nutritional knowledge of Hani students is relatively poor,and they still have some bad dietary behaviors,so effective nutrition intervention should be carried out. The nutrition and health level of primary school students of Hani nationality should be improved.
Objective To understand nutriture of Hani nationality students in rural primary boarding school in Yuanyang of Yunnan province so as to provide scientific data for nutritional intervention. Methods A total of 579 primary school students from 3 boarding schools in Yuanyang county were selected as the research objects by cluster random sampling for physical examination and KAP questionnaire survey. Results BMI value of the subjects was 16. 8 ± 2. 2,with low weight rate was 2. 07%,overweight accounted for 4. 32% and obesity accounted for 2. 94%. 1. 9% of primary school students whose blood pressure were higher than normal. The overall qualified rate of nutritional knowledge was 55. 79%. 75% of the students were willing to learn about nutrition and health knowledge. Only 40. 95% of students who had breakfast every day. 68. 22% of students liked to participate in extra-curricular sports activities. Conclusions The overweight and obesity rates of the subjects are higher than average level of Yunnan. The nutritional knowledge of Hani students is relatively poor,and they still have some bad dietary behaviors,so effective nutrition intervention should be carried out. The nutrition and health level of primary school students of Hani nationality should be improved.
引文
[1]王维佳.红河州居民慢性非传染性疾病危险因素调查[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(3):209-213.
[2]徐义强.独特的哈尼族饮食文化[J].百科知识,2012,(14):61-62.
[3]王维佳.红河州居民慢性非传染性疾病危险因素调查[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(3):209-213.
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[13]程红,闫银坤.儿童肥胖对高血压发病率影响的随访研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2011,45(8):696-701.
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[16]闵军.黑米与红米的营养[J].湖南农业,2011,(3):16.
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[18]蔡尤林.豆豉营养成分及研究进展[J].中国调味品,2015,(6):119-123.
[2]徐义强.独特的哈尼族饮食文化[J].百科知识,2012,(14):61-62.
[3]王维佳.红河州居民慢性非传染性疾病危险因素调查[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(3):209-213.
[4]杨云娟.中国哈尼族儿童青少年生长发育和营养状况变化趋势[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(7):941-944.
[5]孙瑜,芮溧.云南哈尼族寄宿制小学生饮食行为调查[J].昆明医科大学学报,2015,36(11):56-59.
[6]教育部.国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)[EB/OL].(2014-07-07).http://www.csh.edu.cn/wtzx/zcwj/20141226/2c909e854a8490a4014a84fda9b4001d.html.
[7]米杰.中国儿童青少年血压参照标准的研究制定[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2010,(5):14.
[8]赵莉蓉.云南省衣村义务教育学生营养改善计划实施现状研究-基于公共政策执行的视角[D].昆明:云南大学,2015.
[9]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[10]包佑红,常利涛,黄达峰,等.云南省农村义务教育学生营养状况调查[J].卫生软科学,2013,27(3):171-172.
[11]刘洋.中国儿童青少年高血压患病率的Meta分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(1):59-62.
[12]TZEMOS N.,LIM P.O.Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of A-cute Salt Loading in Young Normotensive Individuals[J].Hypertension,2008,(51):1525-1530.
[13]程红,闫银坤.儿童肥胖对高血压发病率影响的随访研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,2011,45(8):696-701.
[14]朱珞宁.中国北方儿童青少年上学出行方式与高血压发病率的相关性[D].沈阳:中国医科大学,2013.
[15]卢鹏.梯田农耕与哈尼族饮食文化——以哈尼山寨箐口为例[J].南宁职业技术学院学报,2011,16(1):1-5.
[16]闵军.黑米与红米的营养[J].湖南农业,2011,(3):16.
[17]姜毅霞.云南少数民族饮食文化资源开发利用研究以绿春县哈尼族为例[D].昆明:云南财经大学,2017.
[18]蔡尤林.豆豉营养成分及研究进展[J].中国调味品,2015,(6):119-123.