《维堡宣言》与立宪民主党
摘要
俄国第一届杜马于1905年7月9日被突然解散,立宪民主党代表在震惊之余,愤怒地集结了杜马中的多数派在芬兰维堡召开会议,会后发表了《维堡宣言》。他们谴责沙皇解散杜马是违宪行为,同时呼吁民众拒绝交税和拒服兵役。尽管此举在民众中没有太大影响,但却遭致政府的打击,立宪民主党被宣布为非法政党,签署宣言的人或被捕,或被剥夺参选下届杜马的权利。这种情况迫使立宪民主党放弃了《维堡宣言》,也在一定程度上改变了其在第二届杜马中的策略。
引文
[1]Paul Miliukov.Political memoirs,1905-1917[M].The University of Michigan Press,1967.
[2]Abraham Ascher.The Revolution of 1905[M].TStanford University Press,1988.
[3]Dmitrii Pavlov,ed.Protokoly Tsentral′nogo komiteta i zagranichnykh grupp konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii,1905-seredina 1930-kh gg.v 6 tomakh[M].Moscow:Progress-Akademiia,1994.
[4]Melissa Stockdale.Paul Miliukov and the Quest for a Liberal Russia,1880-1918[M].Cornell University Press,1996.
[5]Alfavitnyi spisok adresov mestnykh grupp Konstitutsionnodemokraticheskoi partii[M].St Petersburg:Tipo-Litografiia B.Avidoma,1906.
[6]Charles E.Timberlake.Essays on Russian liberalism[M]University of Missouri Press,1972.
[7]Anna Geifman.Thou Should Kill:Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia,1894-1917[M].Princeton University Press,1993.
[8]Abraham Ascher.P.A.Stolypin:The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,2001.
(1)Rossiiskii istoricheskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv(hereafter RGIA),f.1278,op.1,d.204,ll.p9-10.
(2)O.V.Volobuev,et al.,eds.S″ezdy i konferentsii Konstitutsionnodemokraticheskoi partii:1905-1920.Moscow:Rosspen,1997.
[2]Abraham Ascher.The Revolution of 1905[M].TStanford University Press,1988.
[3]Dmitrii Pavlov,ed.Protokoly Tsentral′nogo komiteta i zagranichnykh grupp konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii,1905-seredina 1930-kh gg.v 6 tomakh[M].Moscow:Progress-Akademiia,1994.
[4]Melissa Stockdale.Paul Miliukov and the Quest for a Liberal Russia,1880-1918[M].Cornell University Press,1996.
[5]Alfavitnyi spisok adresov mestnykh grupp Konstitutsionnodemokraticheskoi partii[M].St Petersburg:Tipo-Litografiia B.Avidoma,1906.
[6]Charles E.Timberlake.Essays on Russian liberalism[M]University of Missouri Press,1972.
[7]Anna Geifman.Thou Should Kill:Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia,1894-1917[M].Princeton University Press,1993.
[8]Abraham Ascher.P.A.Stolypin:The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,2001.
(1)Rossiiskii istoricheskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv(hereafter RGIA),f.1278,op.1,d.204,ll.p9-10.
(2)O.V.Volobuev,et al.,eds.S″ezdy i konferentsii Konstitutsionnodemokraticheskoi partii:1905-1920.Moscow:Rosspen,1997.