玛丽莲·罗宾逊小说中的女性宗教气质书写
|
摘要
作为对20世纪60年代反文化运动和性解放运动的反拨,70年代末开始,美国社会再次出现了影响人文社会各领域的宗教复兴运动。玛丽莲·罗宾逊以文学书写的方式参与其中,其文学创作与宗教信仰相互依存、彼此呼应。本文选择罗宾逊小说中的三位典型女性人物作为研究对象,从其生活经历入手,对其人格基底中交织的宗教因子进行研究。文章认为:在罗宾逊小说中,对神性的见证被置于人类易错的本性中,当主人公感受到自己的脆弱并努力克服时,信、望、爱的神性荣耀在其身上得到彰显,并渗透到她们的生活选择中,内化为她们特有的精神气质,从而丰富了人物的灵魂深度和艺术丰富性。
As a backlash against the anti-cultural and sexual liberation movement of the 1960s, the momentum of religious resurgence re-emerged in late 1970s America, influencing the areas of social sciences and humanities. Marilynne Robinson participated in the resurgence with literary writing. Her literary creation and religious belief depend on each other and fulfill each other. This article selects three typical female characters in Robinson's novels as the object of study and examines the interwoven religious factors in their personalities from their life experiences. The article argues that in Robinson's novels, the divinity is placed in the human error-prone nature. When the heroines feel their own fragility and strive to overcome it, the divine glory of faith, hope, and love is manifested in them and permeates their quotidian life choices, thus internalizing into their unique ethos which has endowed the characters with a depth of soul and artistic richness.
As a backlash against the anti-cultural and sexual liberation movement of the 1960s, the momentum of religious resurgence re-emerged in late 1970s America, influencing the areas of social sciences and humanities. Marilynne Robinson participated in the resurgence with literary writing. Her literary creation and religious belief depend on each other and fulfill each other. This article selects three typical female characters in Robinson's novels as the object of study and examines the interwoven religious factors in their personalities from their life experiences. The article argues that in Robinson's novels, the divinity is placed in the human error-prone nature. When the heroines feel their own fragility and strive to overcome it, the divine glory of faith, hope, and love is manifested in them and permeates their quotidian life choices, thus internalizing into their unique ethos which has endowed the characters with a depth of soul and artistic richness.
引文
Douglas,Christopher.“The Poisonwood Bible’s Multicultural Graft:American Literature during the Contemporary Christian Resurgence.”American Literary History 26.1(2014):132-53.
Horton,Ray.“‘Rituals of the Ordinary’:Marilynne Robinson’s Aesthetics of Belief and Finitude.”PMLA 132.1(2017):119-34.
Leise,Christopher.“‘The Little Incandescence’:Reading the Fragmentary and John Calvin in Marilynne Robinson’s Gilead.”Studies in the Novel 41.3(2009):348-67.
New American Bible Revised Edition.Charlotte:Saint Benedict Press,2010.
Newport,Frank.“Percentage of Christians in U.S.Drifting Down,but Still High.”Gallup 25 Dec.2015.Web.5Mar.2017.
Piper,John.“The Fallibility of the Foundling’s Savior:Marilynne Robinson’s Lila and Jonathan Edwards.”Desiring God 11 Nov.2014.Web.5 Mar.2018.
Robinson,Marilynne.“The Art of Fiction No.198.”The Paris Review Iss.186,2008.Web.28 May 2018.
—.“Comment is Free:Marilynne Robinson,God and Calvin.”Guardian 4 Jun.2009.Web.5 Mar.2018.
—.Death of Adam.New York:Houghton Mifflin,1998.
—.Lila.London:Virago,2014.
—.“Onward,Christian Liberals:Christianity’s Long Tradition of Social Injustice.”The American Scholar 1Mar.2006.Web.8 May.2018.
—.What Are We Doing Here?New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux,2018.
白舍客:《基督宗教伦理学》第2卷,静也、常宏译。上海:三联书店,2002。[Peschke,Karl H.Christian Ethics.Vol 2.Trans.Jing Ye and Chang Hong.Shanghai:SDX Joint,2002.]
高长江:《从全球化视角看全球宗教复兴运动》,载《世界宗教研究》2002年第1期,第1-10页。[Gao,Changjiang.“Global Religious Resurgence Movement from the Perspective of Globalization.”Studies of World Religions 1(2002):1-10.]
李安斌:《清教主义对美国文学的影响》,载《求索》2006年第6期,第199-201页。[Li,Anbin.“The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature.”Seeker 6(2006):199-201.]
罗宾逊:《管家》,张芸译。上海:上海人民出版社,2015。[Robinson,Marilynne.Housekeeping.Trans.Zhang Yun.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2015.]
罗宾逊:《家园》,应雁译。北京:人民文学出版社,2010。[Robinson,Marilynne.Home.Trans.Ying Yan.Beijing:People’s Literature,2010.]
罗宾逊:《基列家书》,李尧译。北京:人民文学出版社,2007。[Ronbinson,Marilynne.Gilead.Trans.Li Yao.Beijing:People’s Literature,2007.]
肖立斌:《基督教伦理中“信”、“望”、“爱”的对立统一》,载《江西社会科学》2008年第10期,第50-53页。[Xiao,Libin.“The Opposition and Unity Correlation between Faith,Hope and Love in Christian Ethics.”Jiangxi Social Sciences 10(2008):50-53.]
(1)在一次采访中,当被问及是否认为自己是一位宗教作家时,罗宾逊回答:“我并不喜欢宗教或非宗教的划分,一旦宗教被划上区分性界限,它就已然被歪曲。在我看来,任何真挚和有见地的书写都可满足宗教性的任何一种定义”(“The Art of Fiction No. 198”)。
Horton,Ray.“‘Rituals of the Ordinary’:Marilynne Robinson’s Aesthetics of Belief and Finitude.”PMLA 132.1(2017):119-34.
Leise,Christopher.“‘The Little Incandescence’:Reading the Fragmentary and John Calvin in Marilynne Robinson’s Gilead.”Studies in the Novel 41.3(2009):348-67.
New American Bible Revised Edition.Charlotte:Saint Benedict Press,2010.
Newport,Frank.“Percentage of Christians in U.S.Drifting Down,but Still High.”Gallup 25 Dec.2015.Web.5Mar.2017.
Piper,John.“The Fallibility of the Foundling’s Savior:Marilynne Robinson’s Lila and Jonathan Edwards.”Desiring God 11 Nov.2014.Web.5 Mar.2018.
Robinson,Marilynne.“The Art of Fiction No.198.”The Paris Review Iss.186,2008.Web.28 May 2018.
—.“Comment is Free:Marilynne Robinson,God and Calvin.”Guardian 4 Jun.2009.Web.5 Mar.2018.
—.Death of Adam.New York:Houghton Mifflin,1998.
—.Lila.London:Virago,2014.
—.“Onward,Christian Liberals:Christianity’s Long Tradition of Social Injustice.”The American Scholar 1Mar.2006.Web.8 May.2018.
—.What Are We Doing Here?New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux,2018.
白舍客:《基督宗教伦理学》第2卷,静也、常宏译。上海:三联书店,2002。[Peschke,Karl H.Christian Ethics.Vol 2.Trans.Jing Ye and Chang Hong.Shanghai:SDX Joint,2002.]
高长江:《从全球化视角看全球宗教复兴运动》,载《世界宗教研究》2002年第1期,第1-10页。[Gao,Changjiang.“Global Religious Resurgence Movement from the Perspective of Globalization.”Studies of World Religions 1(2002):1-10.]
李安斌:《清教主义对美国文学的影响》,载《求索》2006年第6期,第199-201页。[Li,Anbin.“The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature.”Seeker 6(2006):199-201.]
罗宾逊:《管家》,张芸译。上海:上海人民出版社,2015。[Robinson,Marilynne.Housekeeping.Trans.Zhang Yun.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2015.]
罗宾逊:《家园》,应雁译。北京:人民文学出版社,2010。[Robinson,Marilynne.Home.Trans.Ying Yan.Beijing:People’s Literature,2010.]
罗宾逊:《基列家书》,李尧译。北京:人民文学出版社,2007。[Ronbinson,Marilynne.Gilead.Trans.Li Yao.Beijing:People’s Literature,2007.]
肖立斌:《基督教伦理中“信”、“望”、“爱”的对立统一》,载《江西社会科学》2008年第10期,第50-53页。[Xiao,Libin.“The Opposition and Unity Correlation between Faith,Hope and Love in Christian Ethics.”Jiangxi Social Sciences 10(2008):50-53.]
(1)在一次采访中,当被问及是否认为自己是一位宗教作家时,罗宾逊回答:“我并不喜欢宗教或非宗教的划分,一旦宗教被划上区分性界限,它就已然被歪曲。在我看来,任何真挚和有见地的书写都可满足宗教性的任何一种定义”(“The Art of Fiction No. 198”)。