杜威的儿童中心教育思想及其特点探究——基于教育哲学的视角
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摘要
杜威将儿童视为学校教育的中心、教育的出发点,他反对传统的以"成人式"标准为主的学校教育,主张寻求民主的、"儿童本位"的教育立场。一方面,他认为儿童是一种动态的"可能性"。儿童既是活动的客体,也是活动的主体,既是被动的,也是主动的。另一方面,杜威认为儿童的成长是一种"试误"的过程,教育理应为儿童提供"召唤结构"的场景,"邀请"儿童进行发挥、创造,体现其"做中学"的思想。从教育哲学的角度出发,儿童不仅是特殊群体的代名词,而是一种向学生命形态的彰显,儿童的教育是一次"探险活动",在"探险"的过程中不断创造、生成、发展。同时,儿童的教育也是集真、善、美于一体的心灵洗礼。
Dewey regards children as the center of school education and the starting point of education.He opposes that control the students under the adult standards and behavior in the traditional school education,he seeking a democratic education,which is based on the core of children education.On the one hand,he believes that children are a dynamic possibility.Children are both the object of activity and the main body of activity as well as passive and active.On the other hand,Dewey believes that children's growth is a " trial and error" process,education should provide children with a "call structure" scenario,invite children to play,create their thinking by " learning by doing".From the perspective of educational philosophy,children are not only synonyms for special groups,but also a manifestation of life forms.Children's education is an "adventure activity",which is constantly created,generated and developed in the process of "exploration".At the same time,children's education is also a spiritual baptism of truth,kindness and beauty.
Dewey regards children as the center of school education and the starting point of education.He opposes that control the students under the adult standards and behavior in the traditional school education,he seeking a democratic education,which is based on the core of children education.On the one hand,he believes that children are a dynamic possibility.Children are both the object of activity and the main body of activity as well as passive and active.On the other hand,Dewey believes that children's growth is a " trial and error" process,education should provide children with a "call structure" scenario,invite children to play,create their thinking by " learning by doing".From the perspective of educational philosophy,children are not only synonyms for special groups,but also a manifestation of life forms.Children's education is an "adventure activity",which is constantly created,generated and developed in the process of "exploration".At the same time,children's education is also a spiritual baptism of truth,kindness and beauty.
引文
[1](加)马克思·范梅南.教学机智:教育智慧的意蕴[M].李树英译.北京:教育科学出版社,2001.
[2](美)约翰·杜威.杜威教育论著选[M].赵祥麟,王承绪译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1981:31.
[3](美)约翰·杜威著.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪,译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990.
[4](德)雅思贝尔斯.什么是教育[M].皱进,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1991:2-3.
[5]靳玉乐,黄清.课程研究方法论[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2012:117.
[6]刘铁芳.什么是好的教育——学校教育中的哲学阐释[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2014:55.
[7]叶澜,杨小薇.教育学原理[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2007:44.
[8]孙亚玲.论有效教学——兼与方关军商榷[J].教育科学研究,2014:54-58.
[2](美)约翰·杜威.杜威教育论著选[M].赵祥麟,王承绪译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1981:31.
[3](美)约翰·杜威著.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪,译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990.
[4](德)雅思贝尔斯.什么是教育[M].皱进,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1991:2-3.
[5]靳玉乐,黄清.课程研究方法论[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2012:117.
[6]刘铁芳.什么是好的教育——学校教育中的哲学阐释[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2014:55.
[7]叶澜,杨小薇.教育学原理[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2007:44.
[8]孙亚玲.论有效教学——兼与方关军商榷[J].教育科学研究,2014:54-58.