就近务工农民工就业风险感知现状及其影响因素研究
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摘要
风险感知是个体对社会风险的态度和直觉判断。本文根据西安交通大学"新型城镇化与可持续发展"课题组2015年在河南省Y县开展的农民工发展状况调查数据,探讨了不同生计资本存量的就近务工农民工在就业风险感知上的差异及其影响因素。研究发现,在就近务工市场上,农民工就业风险感知较高;个人与家庭生计资本可部分缓解就业风险感知,社会资本、人力资本、金融资本和物质资本的相对优势弱化了个体的就业风险感知,而自然资本的相对优势并没有降低个体风险预期;就地就近劳动力市场社会保障制度对城镇就业质量提升有明显作用;性别、婚育状况、留守经历等个人因素对农民工的就业风险感知均存在显著影响。对此,应在整体提升农民工有效收入与疏通就业障碍的基础上,注重农业全要素生产率的提升,逐步完善公共就业服务体系,从而降低农民工就近就业风险感知。
Risk perception is a type of risk attitude and intuitive judgment on the risks of rural society on the form of migrant workers.Using the data from the survey about the developing situation of local migrant workers in city Y of Henan Province in 2015.This paper explores the differences in the employment risk perception and its influencing factors between the different livelihood capital of local migrant workers.Analysis results indicate employment risk perception and livelihood capital have greater dependence in the near and in-site urbanization.Individual and family livelihood capital can partly alleviate the employment risk perception.To some extent,the comparative advantages of social capital,human capital,financial capital and material capital weaken individual employment risks perception,while the comparative advantage of natural capital has not reduced individual risk perception.The social security system in local and nearby labor markets plays a significant role in improving the quality of urban employment.In addition,personal factors such as gender,marriage status,and left-behind experience significantly affect local migrant workers' employment risk perception.Thus,it is necessary to effectively create local migrant worker's income,to break down the barriers,to improve the circulation mechanism of rural land contract operation and to construct the service of agile employment modality,which can lower their risk perception.
Risk perception is a type of risk attitude and intuitive judgment on the risks of rural society on the form of migrant workers.Using the data from the survey about the developing situation of local migrant workers in city Y of Henan Province in 2015.This paper explores the differences in the employment risk perception and its influencing factors between the different livelihood capital of local migrant workers.Analysis results indicate employment risk perception and livelihood capital have greater dependence in the near and in-site urbanization.Individual and family livelihood capital can partly alleviate the employment risk perception.To some extent,the comparative advantages of social capital,human capital,financial capital and material capital weaken individual employment risks perception,while the comparative advantage of natural capital has not reduced individual risk perception.The social security system in local and nearby labor markets plays a significant role in improving the quality of urban employment.In addition,personal factors such as gender,marriage status,and left-behind experience significantly affect local migrant workers' employment risk perception.Thus,it is necessary to effectively create local migrant worker's income,to break down the barriers,to improve the circulation mechanism of rural land contract operation and to construct the service of agile employment modality,which can lower their risk perception.
引文
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[18]张新岭,赵永乐,林竹,等.农民工就业:人力资本和社会资本的耦合分析[J].农村经济,2007(12):117-120.
[19]赵延东,王奋宇.城乡流动人口的经济地位获得及决定因素[J].中国人口科学,2002(4):8-15.
[20]简新华,张建伟.构建农民工的社会保障体系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2005(1):116-119.
[21]李荣彬.生计资本视角下农民工社会融合的现状及其影响因素---基于2014年流动人口动态监测数据的实证研究[J].人口与发展,2016(6):47-54.
[22]PUTTERMAN L,CHIACU A F.Elasticities and factor weights for agricultural growth accounting:A look at the data for China[J].China Economic Review,1994,5(2):191-204.
[23]GILES J.Off-farm labor markets,insecurity,and risk aversion in China[D].Berkeley:University of California,1998.
[2]蔡昉.农民工就业面临各种风险[J].农村工作通讯,2013(9):48.
[3]国家卫生计生委.2015年农民工监测调查报告[R].北京:国家卫生计生委流动人口司,2016.
[4]中国社会保险发展年度报告2014[R].北京:人力资源社会保障部,2015.
[5]田凯.关于农民工的城市适应性的调查分析与思考[J].社会科学研究,1995(5):90-95.
[6]张云昊.社会风险的整合治理机制与模型建构[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011(4):128-132.
[7]STARR C.Social benefit versus technological risk[J].Science,1969,165(3899):1232-1238.
[8]BAUER R A.Consumer behavior as risk taking[C]∥Dynamic marketing for a changing world[M].Chicago:American marketing association,1960:389-398.
[9]SLOVIC P.The perception of risk[J].Risk Society and Policy,2013,69(3):112-112.
[10]DOUGLAS M,WILDAVSKY A B.Risk and culture:an essay on the selection of technical and environmental dangers[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,1982.
[11]PETER T G,JENS O Z.Current directions in risk research:new developments in psychology and sociology[J].Risk Analysis,2006,26(2):397-411.
[12]MITCHELL V.Consumer perceived risk conceptualizations and models[J].European Journal of Marketing,1999,33(1/2):163-195.
[13]胡鞍钢,王磊.社会转型风险的衡量方法与经验研究(1993-2004年)[J].管理世界,2006(6):46-54.
[14]李云新,杨磊.快速城镇化进程中的社会风险及其成因探析[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014(3):6-11.
[15]DING S H.Employment in township urbanization in China[J].Social Science in China,2015,36(2):152-167.
[16]FAFCHAMPS M.Spontaneous market emergence[J].Topics in Theoretical Economics,2003,2(2):1045-1045.
[17]韩雪,张广胜.预期就业风险,就业动机与进城务工人口就业选择行为研究[J].人口与经济,2014(6):79-90.
[18]张新岭,赵永乐,林竹,等.农民工就业:人力资本和社会资本的耦合分析[J].农村经济,2007(12):117-120.
[19]赵延东,王奋宇.城乡流动人口的经济地位获得及决定因素[J].中国人口科学,2002(4):8-15.
[20]简新华,张建伟.构建农民工的社会保障体系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2005(1):116-119.
[21]李荣彬.生计资本视角下农民工社会融合的现状及其影响因素---基于2014年流动人口动态监测数据的实证研究[J].人口与发展,2016(6):47-54.
[22]PUTTERMAN L,CHIACU A F.Elasticities and factor weights for agricultural growth accounting:A look at the data for China[J].China Economic Review,1994,5(2):191-204.
[23]GILES J.Off-farm labor markets,insecurity,and risk aversion in China[D].Berkeley:University of California,1998.