英国体育非物质文化遗产保护路径、成功经验及本土化启示
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摘要
英国政府和国民对体育非物质文化遗产的保护呈现活态保护和传承的特征:引入生态博物馆的管理理念,扩大体育非物质文化遗产的承载者和传播者;公学教育中融入了大量英国本土体育文化,使英国悠久的体育非物质文化得以传承和发扬光大;采用分散立法方式的采取不但保护了有形遗产,同时也很好地保护了同这些遗产共生的体育非物质文化遗产;英国对体育历史遗迹的深度保护,使体育非物质文化的存在有形可依。英国经验的借鉴意义:应采用生态博物馆的理念,加强体育博物馆教育同学校教育的结合,才能使博物馆体育文化活起来;经典优秀的体育非遗项目走进校园,使之成为校园文化的一部分,扩大这些优秀遗产的传承基础;采用分散立法的方式,制定优秀体育非遗项目的单行法规,使这些优秀遗产的保护有法可依;注重体育历史文化器物层面的保护,做到有形遗产与无形遗产保护的结合,等。
The British government and national on sports non-material cultural heritage protection of living condition of protection and inheritance features: the introduction of the management concept of ecological museum, expand sports non-material cultural heritage is loader and disseminator; Public education in the blended in a lot of national sports culture, make the long sports non-material cultural inheritance and carry forward; Dispersive lawmaking mode taken not only to protect the tangible heritage, it is also very good protection with these heritage symbiosis of sports intangible cultural heritage; The British to the depth of the sports heritage protection, make sports non-material cultural existence of tangible can depend on. British experience significance: adopt the concept of ecological museum, strengthen the sports museum education with the combination of school education, sports culture to make the museum alive; Classic intangible sports projects into the campus, make it become a part of the campus culture, to expand the excellent heritage inheritance; With the method of decentralized legislation, develop good sports intangible project of special laws and regulations, make the excellent heritage protection laws; Pay attention to sports protection on the level of historical and cultural artifacts, achieve the combination of the protection of tangible and intangible heritage sites, etc.
The British government and national on sports non-material cultural heritage protection of living condition of protection and inheritance features: the introduction of the management concept of ecological museum, expand sports non-material cultural heritage is loader and disseminator; Public education in the blended in a lot of national sports culture, make the long sports non-material cultural inheritance and carry forward; Dispersive lawmaking mode taken not only to protect the tangible heritage, it is also very good protection with these heritage symbiosis of sports intangible cultural heritage; The British to the depth of the sports heritage protection, make sports non-material cultural existence of tangible can depend on. British experience significance: adopt the concept of ecological museum, strengthen the sports museum education with the combination of school education, sports culture to make the museum alive; Classic intangible sports projects into the campus, make it become a part of the campus culture, to expand the excellent heritage inheritance; With the method of decentralized legislation, develop good sports intangible project of special laws and regulations, make the excellent heritage protection laws; Pay attention to sports protection on the level of historical and cultural artifacts, achieve the combination of the protection of tangible and intangible heritage sites, etc.
引文
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[3] Bagnall G.Performance and performativity at heritage sites[J].Museum and Society,2003(2):87-103.
[4] Laurajane Smith,Natsuko Akagawa.Intangible Heritage[M].Oxford:Oxon Press,2009(10):289-303.
[5] Michelle L Stefano.Safeguarding intangible heritage:five key obstacles facing museums of the North East of England[J].International Journal of Intangible Heritage,2009(4):112-124.
[6] Edensor T.Industrial Ruins:Space,Aesthetics and Materiality[M].Oxford:Berg Publishers,2005(11):89-91.
[7] Simon Inglis.Play in London:Charting the heritage of a city at play[M].London:English Heritage,2014(11):3-15.
[8] 中国非物质文化遗产数字博物馆·保护非物质文化遗产公约(2003)[DB/OL].[2019-2-11].http://www.ihchina.cn/.
[9] MacDonald S.Museums,National,Postnational,and Transcultural Identities[J].Museum and Society,2003(1):1-16.
[10] Bennett T.The Birth of the Museum:History,Theory,Politics[M].NY:Routledge,1995(12):342-436.
[11] Waterton M.“The Envy of the World?” Intangible Heritage in England[J].Intangible Heritage,2009(6):289-302.
[12] About Us[EB/OL].[2019-2-02].http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection online/search.
[13] Welcome to the British Museum,the grandest and the most spectacular of human history[EB/OL].[2019-2-02].http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.
[14] Department for digital,culture,media & sport.Sponsored Museums Annual Performance Indicators 2015/16/17[R].2017(11):7-24.
[15] Boast R.Neocolonial Collaboration:Museum as Contact Zone Revisited.[J].Museum Anthropology,2011(9):56-70.
[16] Little Kickers Story Time.Early Years Sessions at National Football Museum.[EB/OL].[2019-2-08].http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/learning/early-years-primary-2/early-years-sessions-at-national-football-museum.
[17] 鲍威.英国博物馆——学生真正的第二课堂[J].艺术教育,2009,11(41):116-118.
[18] 袁正林.保守与渐进:二战后英国公学改革研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017(3):33-39.
[19] 原青林.揭示英才教育的秘诀——英国公学研究[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2006(13):3-10.
[20] (英)约翰·洛克.教育漫话[M].徐该,译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,2008(3):113-119.
[21] 徐宗林.现代教育思潮[M].台北:五南图书出版有限公司,1994(11):78-122.
[22] The Games Programme at Eton[EB/OL].[2019-2-13].https://www.etoncollege.com/GamesProgramme.aspx
[23] Woodhead D J.Independent School Information Service[R].London:Ralph Allen Press,1985(12):453-477.
[24] English Heritage [DB/OL].[2019-2-07].https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/.
[25] Hugh Hornby.Bowled over-the bowling greens of Britain[M].London:Historic England Press,2015:56-89.
[26] 斯塔夫里阿诺斯.世界通史[M].吴象婴,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2006(10):342-347.
[27] 丹纳.艺术哲学[M].傅雷,译.北京:人民文学出版社,1983(7):67-102.
[28] 赵羲.服饰与制度:格子装演变折射的苏格兰高地社会制度变迁与文化表达[J].中央民族大学学报 ( 哲学社会科学版),2018(2):113-118.
[29] Kermit cintron London haas [DB/OL].[2019-2-08].https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.
[30] 方汉文.西方文化概论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2018:218-220.
[31] Michell L,Stefano.Safeguarding Intangible Heritage:Five Key Obstacles Facing Museums of the North East of England[J].International Journal of Intangible Heritage.2009(4):115-161.
[32] The UK government ratifies the unsecure convention on intangible cultural heritage[EB/OL].[2019-2-10].https://you.38degrees.org.uk/petitions.
[33] 中国博物馆协会[DB/OL].[2019-2-12].http://www.chinamuseum.org.cn/.
[34] 郑旭东,李洁.经验、教育与博物馆:走近杜威的博物馆教育思想[J].现代远程教育研究,2019(1):31-39.
[35] 法律法规数据库 [DB/OL].[2019-2-12].http://search.chinalaw.gov.cn/.
[36] 中国非物质文化遗产数字博物馆·法规文件[DB/OL].[2019-2-11].http://www.ihchina.cn/.
[37] 中国非物质文化遗产数字博物馆·国家名录·293 太极拳(杨氏太极拳、陈氏太极拳)[DB/OL].[2019-2-13].http://www.ihchina.cn/.