皮凯蒂是马克思主义者吗?——欧美学者关于《21世纪资本论》理论渊源的争论
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摘要
欧美学者以《21世纪资本论》为载体,对皮凯蒂与马克思的关系展开了激烈争论。大致可分为以下三种观点:第一,认为皮凯蒂是21世纪的"新马克思主义者"。二者在理论前提、研究主题、政策取向等方面有相似之处。第二,认为皮凯蒂不是马克思主义者。他们在理论立场、思想渊源、理论建构、核心范畴等方面存在显著差异。第三,认为皮凯蒂是主流经济学与马克思政治经济学的混合体。具体来说:皮凯蒂理论融合了主流经济学与马克思政治经济学;皮凯蒂与马克思存在形式影射关系,但理论建构实质不同;皮凯蒂与马克思阐述的内容有一定程度的关联。通过文献梳理分析,我们认为皮凯蒂不是马克思主义者;右翼学者的这种贴标签行为无法对抗全球普遍存在的贫富悬殊现实,重新审视并思考社会不平等问题才是当前的要务。
A large debate about the relationship between Thomas Piketty and Karl Marx was stirred in Europe and America since The Capital in the Twenty-first Century was published in march 2014. The opinions may be classified as follows. First, Piketty is Marxist because they are resembled in assumption, research topic, policy orientation. Second, the two are distinguished in theoretical position, ideological roots, theory construction, core category. Third, Piketty is a hybrid of mainstream economics and Marx's political economics. Besides Piketty resembles George Henry in the opinion of the relationship between equity and efficiency, in contrast with Marx. We think that Piketty is not a Marxist based on a lot of documents review and analysis. Right-wing scholars can not turn a blind eye when people around the world are concerning about social inequality. It is important to examine and think about this question.
A large debate about the relationship between Thomas Piketty and Karl Marx was stirred in Europe and America since The Capital in the Twenty-first Century was published in march 2014. The opinions may be classified as follows. First, Piketty is Marxist because they are resembled in assumption, research topic, policy orientation. Second, the two are distinguished in theoretical position, ideological roots, theory construction, core category. Third, Piketty is a hybrid of mainstream economics and Marx's political economics. Besides Piketty resembles George Henry in the opinion of the relationship between equity and efficiency, in contrast with Marx. We think that Piketty is not a Marxist based on a lot of documents review and analysis. Right-wing scholars can not turn a blind eye when people around the world are concerning about social inequality. It is important to examine and think about this question.
引文
[1]THOMAS H.MAYOR.Income Inequality:Piketty and the NeoMarxist Revival[EB/OL].[2016-08-01].http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2015/2/cj-v35n1-4.pdf.
[2]ROSS DOUTHAT.Marx Rises Again:Commentary[N].New York Times Late Edition(East Coast),2014-04-20.
[3]MILIC MILOVANOVIC.Thomas Piketty's Capitalism Revisited[J].Panoeconomicus,2015,62(5):663-677.
[4]JAMES PETHOKOUKIS.The New Marxism[EB/OL].[2016-08-03].http://www.nationalreview.com/article/374009/new-marxismjames-pethokoukis.
[5]KYLE SMITH.Marx madness Liberal columnists are fawning over a French economist's spiteful call to tax the rich into extinction.Guess how much the rest of America cares[N].The New York Post,2014-04-27.
[6]GEOFFREY NUNBERG.150 Years After Marx,'Capital'Still Can't Shake Loose Of'Das Kapital'[EB/OL].[2016-08-10].http://www.npr.org/2014/05/27/316323356/150-years-aftermarx-capital-still-cant-shake-loose-of-das-kapital.
[7]THOMAS H.Mayor.Income Inequality:Piketty and the NeoMarxist Revival[EB/OL].[2016-08-10].http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2015/2/cj-v35n1-4.pdf.
[8][法]托马斯·皮凯蒂.21世纪资本论[M].巴曙松,等译.北京:中信出版社,2014:32.
[9]FREDERIC LORDON.Capitalism in the 21st century short on capital;Why Piketty isn't Marx[N].Le Monde Diplomatique(English),2015-05-01.
[10]CHRISTIAN LOTZ.Is Capital a Thing?Remarks on Piketty’s Concept of Capital[J].Critical Sociology,2015,41(2):375-383.
[11][12]CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL.Top Dogs;Rock-star economist Thomas Piketty tough on inequality,soft on elitism[J].The Weekly Standard,2014,19(35):11-14.
[13]CHRISTOPHER SHEIL.Piketty's Political Economy[J].Journal of Australian Political Economy,2015(74):19-26.
[14]ANTONIO R J.Piketty’s Nightmare Capitalism:The Return of Rentier Society and Democratization[J].Contemporary Sociology,2014,43(6):783-790.
[15]ESTEBAN EZEQUIEL MAITO.Piketty against Piketty:the tendency of the rate of profit to fall in United Kingdom and Germany since XIX century confirmed by Piketty′s data[J].MPRA Paper,2014,5(9).
[16]LARS P ALSSON SYLL.Piketty and the limits of marginal productivity theory[J].real-world economics review,2014,7(69):36-43.
[17][19][22]FREDERIC LORDON.Capitalism in the 21st century short on capital;Why Piketty isn't Marx[N].Le Monde Diplomatique(English),2015-05-01.
[18]DAVID COLANDER.Marketing Economic Ideas:The Problem with Capital[J].Eastern Economic Journal,2015,41(1):1-5.
[20]JEAN-CLAUDE Delaunay.How to Preserve Capitalist System?[J].World Review of Political Economy,2015,6(3):425-440.
[21]PAUL MASON.Thomas Piketty's Capital:everything you need to know about the surprise bestseller[N].The Guardian,2014-04-29.
[23]DAVID HARVEY.Afterthoughts on Piketty’s Capital[EB/OL].[2016-08-14].http://davidharvey.org/2014/05/afterthoughtspikettys-capital/.
[24]MICHAEL ROBERTS.David Harvey,Piketty y la contradicción central del capitalismo[EB/OL].[2016-12-01].http://www.lahaine.org/est_espanol.php/david-harvey-piketty-y-la-contradiccion.
[25]DAVID COLANDER.Marketing Economic Ideas:The Problem with Capital[J].Eastern Economic Journal,2015,41(1):1-5.
[26]CHRISTIAN LOTZ.Is Capital a Thing?Remarks on Piketty’s Concept of Capital[J].Critical Sociology,2015,41(2):375-383.
[27]马歇尔.经济学原理(下卷)[M].陈良璧,译.北京:商务印书馆,2009:513.
[28]ROGER MCCAIN.Tom Picketty could stand to learn a little from Marx Post navigation Weekly Poll Have you been to Spruce Street Harbor Park yet?Social[N].The Triangle:Drexel University,2014-08-08.
[29]LARS P A觷LSSON SYLL.Piketty and the limits of marginal productivity theory[J].real-world economics review,2014,7(69):36-43.
[30]ANTONIO R J.Piketty’s Nightmare Capitalism:The Return of Rentier Society and De-democratization[J].Contemporary Sociology,2014,43(6):783-790.
[31]JOHN B.JUDIS.Thomas Piketty Is Pulling Your Leg[EB/OL].[2016-11-02].https://newrepublic.com/article/117673/pikettyread-marx-doesnt-make-him-marx.
[32]CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL.Top Dogs;Rock-star economist Thomas Piketty tough on inequality,soft on elitism[J].The Weekly Standard,2014,19(35):11-14.
[33]STEVEN ERLANGER.Attacking inequality at its core;French economist's book seen as'watershed'that upends old assumptions[N].International New York Times,2014-04-19.
[34]DARON ACEMOGLU,James A.Robinson.The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism[J].Journal of Economic Perspectiv,2015,29(1):3-28.
[35]KEITH TRIBE.Wealth and Inequality:Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century[J].Past&Present,2015,227(1):249-263.
[36]RUSSELL JACOBY.Piketty v.Marx[EB/OL].[2016-09-01].https://newrepublic.com/article/118024/piketty-and-marxwhere-they-disagree?utm_content=buffer18808&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer.
[37]MICHAEL POTTER.Capital in the Twenty-First Century:ACritique of Thomas Piketty's Political Economy[J].Journal of Policy Analysis&Reform,2014,21(1):91-113.
[38]BENJAMIN KUNKEL.Paupers and Richlings[J].London Review of Books,2014,36(13):17-20.
[39]JAN FAGERBERG.Piketty’s perspectives on growth(in the21st century)[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2015,25(2):533-536.
[40]CHARLES LANE.Before there was Piketty[N].The Washington Post,2014-05-15.
[41]STEVEN ERLANGER.Attacking inequality at its core;French economist's book seen as'watershed'that upends old assumptions[N].International New York Times,2014-04-19.
(1)David Harvey.Afterthoughts on Piketty’s Capital[EB/OL].http://davidharvey.org/2014/05/afterthoughts-pikettys-capital/.[2016-08-14].
[2]ROSS DOUTHAT.Marx Rises Again:Commentary[N].New York Times Late Edition(East Coast),2014-04-20.
[3]MILIC MILOVANOVIC.Thomas Piketty's Capitalism Revisited[J].Panoeconomicus,2015,62(5):663-677.
[4]JAMES PETHOKOUKIS.The New Marxism[EB/OL].[2016-08-03].http://www.nationalreview.com/article/374009/new-marxismjames-pethokoukis.
[5]KYLE SMITH.Marx madness Liberal columnists are fawning over a French economist's spiteful call to tax the rich into extinction.Guess how much the rest of America cares[N].The New York Post,2014-04-27.
[6]GEOFFREY NUNBERG.150 Years After Marx,'Capital'Still Can't Shake Loose Of'Das Kapital'[EB/OL].[2016-08-10].http://www.npr.org/2014/05/27/316323356/150-years-aftermarx-capital-still-cant-shake-loose-of-das-kapital.
[7]THOMAS H.Mayor.Income Inequality:Piketty and the NeoMarxist Revival[EB/OL].[2016-08-10].http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2015/2/cj-v35n1-4.pdf.
[8][法]托马斯·皮凯蒂.21世纪资本论[M].巴曙松,等译.北京:中信出版社,2014:32.
[9]FREDERIC LORDON.Capitalism in the 21st century short on capital;Why Piketty isn't Marx[N].Le Monde Diplomatique(English),2015-05-01.
[10]CHRISTIAN LOTZ.Is Capital a Thing?Remarks on Piketty’s Concept of Capital[J].Critical Sociology,2015,41(2):375-383.
[11][12]CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL.Top Dogs;Rock-star economist Thomas Piketty tough on inequality,soft on elitism[J].The Weekly Standard,2014,19(35):11-14.
[13]CHRISTOPHER SHEIL.Piketty's Political Economy[J].Journal of Australian Political Economy,2015(74):19-26.
[14]ANTONIO R J.Piketty’s Nightmare Capitalism:The Return of Rentier Society and Democratization[J].Contemporary Sociology,2014,43(6):783-790.
[15]ESTEBAN EZEQUIEL MAITO.Piketty against Piketty:the tendency of the rate of profit to fall in United Kingdom and Germany since XIX century confirmed by Piketty′s data[J].MPRA Paper,2014,5(9).
[16]LARS P ALSSON SYLL.Piketty and the limits of marginal productivity theory[J].real-world economics review,2014,7(69):36-43.
[17][19][22]FREDERIC LORDON.Capitalism in the 21st century short on capital;Why Piketty isn't Marx[N].Le Monde Diplomatique(English),2015-05-01.
[18]DAVID COLANDER.Marketing Economic Ideas:The Problem with Capital[J].Eastern Economic Journal,2015,41(1):1-5.
[20]JEAN-CLAUDE Delaunay.How to Preserve Capitalist System?[J].World Review of Political Economy,2015,6(3):425-440.
[21]PAUL MASON.Thomas Piketty's Capital:everything you need to know about the surprise bestseller[N].The Guardian,2014-04-29.
[23]DAVID HARVEY.Afterthoughts on Piketty’s Capital[EB/OL].[2016-08-14].http://davidharvey.org/2014/05/afterthoughtspikettys-capital/.
[24]MICHAEL ROBERTS.David Harvey,Piketty y la contradicción central del capitalismo[EB/OL].[2016-12-01].http://www.lahaine.org/est_espanol.php/david-harvey-piketty-y-la-contradiccion.
[25]DAVID COLANDER.Marketing Economic Ideas:The Problem with Capital[J].Eastern Economic Journal,2015,41(1):1-5.
[26]CHRISTIAN LOTZ.Is Capital a Thing?Remarks on Piketty’s Concept of Capital[J].Critical Sociology,2015,41(2):375-383.
[27]马歇尔.经济学原理(下卷)[M].陈良璧,译.北京:商务印书馆,2009:513.
[28]ROGER MCCAIN.Tom Picketty could stand to learn a little from Marx Post navigation Weekly Poll Have you been to Spruce Street Harbor Park yet?Social[N].The Triangle:Drexel University,2014-08-08.
[29]LARS P A觷LSSON SYLL.Piketty and the limits of marginal productivity theory[J].real-world economics review,2014,7(69):36-43.
[30]ANTONIO R J.Piketty’s Nightmare Capitalism:The Return of Rentier Society and De-democratization[J].Contemporary Sociology,2014,43(6):783-790.
[31]JOHN B.JUDIS.Thomas Piketty Is Pulling Your Leg[EB/OL].[2016-11-02].https://newrepublic.com/article/117673/pikettyread-marx-doesnt-make-him-marx.
[32]CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL.Top Dogs;Rock-star economist Thomas Piketty tough on inequality,soft on elitism[J].The Weekly Standard,2014,19(35):11-14.
[33]STEVEN ERLANGER.Attacking inequality at its core;French economist's book seen as'watershed'that upends old assumptions[N].International New York Times,2014-04-19.
[34]DARON ACEMOGLU,James A.Robinson.The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism[J].Journal of Economic Perspectiv,2015,29(1):3-28.
[35]KEITH TRIBE.Wealth and Inequality:Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century[J].Past&Present,2015,227(1):249-263.
[36]RUSSELL JACOBY.Piketty v.Marx[EB/OL].[2016-09-01].https://newrepublic.com/article/118024/piketty-and-marxwhere-they-disagree?utm_content=buffer18808&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer.
[37]MICHAEL POTTER.Capital in the Twenty-First Century:ACritique of Thomas Piketty's Political Economy[J].Journal of Policy Analysis&Reform,2014,21(1):91-113.
[38]BENJAMIN KUNKEL.Paupers and Richlings[J].London Review of Books,2014,36(13):17-20.
[39]JAN FAGERBERG.Piketty’s perspectives on growth(in the21st century)[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2015,25(2):533-536.
[40]CHARLES LANE.Before there was Piketty[N].The Washington Post,2014-05-15.
[41]STEVEN ERLANGER.Attacking inequality at its core;French economist's book seen as'watershed'that upends old assumptions[N].International New York Times,2014-04-19.
(1)David Harvey.Afterthoughts on Piketty’s Capital[EB/OL].http://davidharvey.org/2014/05/afterthoughts-pikettys-capital/.[2016-08-14].