中国货物贸易进口的产品结构和比较优势测算
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摘要
主动扩大进口是中国对外贸易政策的一个重大变化。本文针对中国货物贸易进口的产品结构变化、进口产品在中国市场上的比较优势变化进行了测算。测算结果表明:(1)非农业型初级产品在中国进口总额中所占份额大幅上升,低技术产品所占份额大幅下降;从中国各类产品进口占世界各类产品进口总额的比例来看,除了低技术产品所占比例有所下降,其他各类产品所占比例都显著增长,非农业型初级产品所占比例增长幅度最大;与世界整体进口结构相比,中国进口了较多的非农业型初级产品,但是,中高技术产品、高技术产品和特高技术产品的进口相对较少。(2)进口产品在中国市场上具有比较优势的产品数量和比较优势水平都下降了。其中,低技术产品、中低技术产品、中等技术产品和中高技术产品中具有比较优势的产品数量下降最多,比较优势水平下降幅度最大。但是,美国在中国市场上具有比较优势的产品总数量增加了,其中中高技术产品、高技术产品、特高技术产品在中国市场上具有比较优势的产品数量都增加了。
Actively expanding imports is a major change in China's foreign trade policy. Based on the data from 2001 to 2016, this paper measures the changes of product structure of China's import of goods and the revealed comparative advantages of imported products in Chinese market. The result shows that:(1)The share of non-agricultural primary products in China's total imports has risen greatly, and the share of low-tech products has fallen sharply. From the perspective of the share of China's import in worldwide imports, in addition to the decline of the share of low-tech products, the share of other types of products has increased significantly and the share of non-agricultural primary products has increased the most. Compared with the world's import structure, China has imported more non-agricultural primary products. However, the share of medium-high-tech products, high-tech products and ultra-high-tech products in China's total imports are relatively less.(2)Both the number of products that have comparative advantages in Chinese market and the level of comparative advantages have declined. Among them, the number of low-tech products, medium-low-tech products, medium-tech products and medium-high-tech products that have comparative advantages has declined the most. The level of comparative advantages of these four types of products has also dropped the most. However, the number of products from American market that have comparative advantages in Chinese market has increased. The number of medium-high-tech products, high-tech products and ultra-high-tech products from American market that have comparative advantages in Chinese market has increased.
Actively expanding imports is a major change in China's foreign trade policy. Based on the data from 2001 to 2016, this paper measures the changes of product structure of China's import of goods and the revealed comparative advantages of imported products in Chinese market. The result shows that:(1)The share of non-agricultural primary products in China's total imports has risen greatly, and the share of low-tech products has fallen sharply. From the perspective of the share of China's import in worldwide imports, in addition to the decline of the share of low-tech products, the share of other types of products has increased significantly and the share of non-agricultural primary products has increased the most. Compared with the world's import structure, China has imported more non-agricultural primary products. However, the share of medium-high-tech products, high-tech products and ultra-high-tech products in China's total imports are relatively less.(2)Both the number of products that have comparative advantages in Chinese market and the level of comparative advantages have declined. Among them, the number of low-tech products, medium-low-tech products, medium-tech products and medium-high-tech products that have comparative advantages has declined the most. The level of comparative advantages of these four types of products has also dropped the most. However, the number of products from American market that have comparative advantages in Chinese market has increased. The number of medium-high-tech products, high-tech products and ultra-high-tech products from American market that have comparative advantages in Chinese market has increased.
引文
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[5] 魏浩,巫俊.知识产权保护与中国工业企业进口[J].经济学动态,2018(3):80-96.
[6] 魏浩,赵春明,李晓庆.中国进口商品结构变化的估算:2000-2014年[J].世界经济,2016(4):70-94.
(1)国家信息中心主办了“一带一路”官方网站,本文根据网站上公布的国家名单定义了“一带一路”沿线国家,在128个国家中,共计48个“一带一路”沿线国家、80个非“一带一路”沿线国家;OECD国家的划分依据为OECD数据库,在128个国家中,共计35个OECD国家、93个非OECD国家;不同收入水平国家的划分依据为世界银行公布的标准,在128个国家中,共计57个高收入国家、56个中等收入国家、15个低收入国家;金砖国家包括俄罗斯、印度、南非以及巴西;20国集团包括德国、美国、沙特阿拉伯等18个国家,中国与欧盟未包含在内。
[2] 隆国强.坚定不移对外开放积极主动扩大进口[N].经济日报,2018-05-20(02).
[3] 裴长洪.进口贸易结构与经济增长:规律与启示[J].经济研究,2013(7):4-19.
[4] 魏浩,王露西,李翀.中国制成品出口比较优势及贸易结构研究[J].经济学季刊,2011,10(4):1281-1310.
[5] 魏浩,巫俊.知识产权保护与中国工业企业进口[J].经济学动态,2018(3):80-96.
[6] 魏浩,赵春明,李晓庆.中国进口商品结构变化的估算:2000-2014年[J].世界经济,2016(4):70-94.
(1)国家信息中心主办了“一带一路”官方网站,本文根据网站上公布的国家名单定义了“一带一路”沿线国家,在128个国家中,共计48个“一带一路”沿线国家、80个非“一带一路”沿线国家;OECD国家的划分依据为OECD数据库,在128个国家中,共计35个OECD国家、93个非OECD国家;不同收入水平国家的划分依据为世界银行公布的标准,在128个国家中,共计57个高收入国家、56个中等收入国家、15个低收入国家;金砖国家包括俄罗斯、印度、南非以及巴西;20国集团包括德国、美国、沙特阿拉伯等18个国家,中国与欧盟未包含在内。