生物多样性保护优先区对重庆苔藓植物多样性保护的重要性
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摘要
生物多样性保护优先区的生物多样性十分丰富,对于生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文基于野外调查数据和文献资料,整合大巴山和武陵山两个中国生物多样性保护优先区重庆境内的苔藓植物名录,通过分析物种丰富度、中国特有种和受威胁物种,比较了这两个地区的苔藓植物组成特点和相似性。结果显示,两个保护优先区重庆境内共有苔藓植物77科221属722种,其物种数分别占重庆市和中国苔藓植物总种数的76.0%和23.9%。两个区域分布有中国特有苔藓植物56种,占中国苔藓植物总种数的1.9%;分布有极危苔藓植物1种、濒危4种和易危3种。科、属、种的Jaccard相似性系数分别为0.7、0.6和0.3,表明两个区域物种组成差异较大。大巴山和武陵山两个中国生物多样性保护优先区都具有较高的苔藓植物物种多样性,其种类组成具有一定代表性,对重庆市和中国苔藓植物多样性保护具有重要价值。
Biodiversity is especially rich in conservation priority areas. Based on field investigations and available literature, a bryophyte checklist was compiled for the Dabashan and Wulingshan conservation priority areas in Chongqing, China. Species richness and abundance of endemic and threatened species were analyzed. Species compositions were also compared between the two areas. In total, 722 species in 221 genera and 77 families were recorded across the two areas, accounting for 76.0% and 23.9% of all bryophyte species in Chongqing and in China, respectively. Among these, 56 species are endemic to China. One critically endangered(CR), four endangered(EN) and three vulnerable(VU) bryophytes were also found in the two areas. The Jaccard similarity coefficients between the two areas were calculated to be 0.7, 0.6 and 0.3 at the family, genus and species levels, respectively, indicating the big difference of species composition. Dabashan and Wulingshan both have relatively high bryophyte diversity and representative species composition. They are important priority areas not only for Chongqing, but also for overall biodiversity conservation in China.
Biodiversity is especially rich in conservation priority areas. Based on field investigations and available literature, a bryophyte checklist was compiled for the Dabashan and Wulingshan conservation priority areas in Chongqing, China. Species richness and abundance of endemic and threatened species were analyzed. Species compositions were also compared between the two areas. In total, 722 species in 221 genera and 77 families were recorded across the two areas, accounting for 76.0% and 23.9% of all bryophyte species in Chongqing and in China, respectively. Among these, 56 species are endemic to China. One critically endangered(CR), four endangered(EN) and three vulnerable(VU) bryophytes were also found in the two areas. The Jaccard similarity coefficients between the two areas were calculated to be 0.7, 0.6 and 0.3 at the family, genus and species levels, respectively, indicating the big difference of species composition. Dabashan and Wulingshan both have relatively high bryophyte diversity and representative species composition. They are important priority areas not only for Chongqing, but also for overall biodiversity conservation in China.
引文
Gao J,Zhang X,Zhang P,Liu YH(2016)Geographical distribution pattern of endemic bryophytes in China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,35,1691-1696.(in Chinese with English abstract)[高杰,张星,张鹏,刘艳红(2016)中国苔藓植物特有种的地理分布格局.生态学杂志,35,1691-1696.]
Geffert JL,Frahm JP,Barthlott W,Mutke J(2013)Global moss diversity:Spatial and taxonomic patterns of species richness.Journal of Bryology,35,1-11.
Gignac LD(2001)Bryophytes as indicators of climate change.The Bryologist,104,410-420.
Goffinet B,Buck WR,Shaw AJ(2009)Morphology,anatomy,and classification of the Bryophyta.In:Bryophyte Biology,2nd edn(eds Goffinet B,Shaw AJ),p.55.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Goffinet B,Buck WR(2018)Classification of the Bryophyta.http://bryology.uconn.edu/classification/.(accessed on 2018-11-24)
Hallingback T,Tan BC(2010)Past and present activities and future strategy of bryophyte conservation.Phytotaxa,9,266-274.
Hu XY,Wu PC(1991)Study on the mossflora of Mt.Jinfu,Sichuan Province.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,29,315-334.(in Chinese with English abstract)[胡晓云,吴鹏程(1991)四川金佛山藓类植物区系的研究.植物分类学报,29,315-334.]
Jaccard P(1912)The distribution of the flora of the alpine zone.New Phytologist,11,37-50.
Jia Y,He S(2013)Species Catalogue of China,Vol.1.Plants:Bryophytes.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[贾渝,何思(2013)中国生物物种名录第一卷植物:苔藓植物.科学出版社,北京.]
Jia Y,Ma XT,Ban Q,Li M,Yang GH(2014)Higher Plants of the Dabashan Mountains.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[贾渝,马欣堂,班勤,李敏,杨改河(2014)大巴山地区高等植物名录.科学出版社,北京.]
Jia Y,Wu PC,Wang MZ(1999)Studies on the bryophytes of Sichuan,Southwest China.I.Moss flora of Wulong.Chenia,6,97-103.
Li JS,Jin YC,Wang W,Zhao ZP,Wu XP(2016)Terrestrial Priority Areas for China Biodiversity Conservation.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[李俊生,靳勇超,王伟,赵志平,吴晓莆(2016)中国陆域生物多样性保护优先区域.科学出版社,;北京.]
Liu Y,Pi CY,Tian S(2016)Bryophyte biodiversity of the Dabashan National Nature Reserve in Chongqing.Biodiversity Science,24,244-247.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘艳,皮春燕,田尚(2016)重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物多样性.生物多样性,24,244-247.]
Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China(2011)China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030).China Environmental Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[中华人民共和国环境保护部(2011)中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030年).中国环境科学出版社,北京.]
Mols T,Vellak K,Vellak A,Ingerpuu N(2013)Global gradients in moss and vascular plant diversity.Biodiversity and Conservation,22,1537-1551.
Myers N,Mittermeier RA,Mittermeier CG,da Fonseca GAB,Kent J(2000)Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403,853-858.
Patino J,Vanderpoorten A(2018)Bryophyte biogeography.Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,37,175-209.
Pharo EJ,Beattie AJ,Pressey RL(2000)Effectiveness of using vascular plants to select reserves for bryophytes and lichens.Biological Conservation,96,37 1-378.
Qin HN,Yang Y,Dong SY,He Q,Jia Y,Zhao LN,Yu SX,Liu HY,Liu B,Yan YH,Xiang JY,Xia NH,Peng H,Li ZY,Zhang ZX,He XJ,Yin LK,Lin YL,Liu QR,Hou YT,Liu Y,Liu QX,Cao W,Li JQ,Chen SL,Jin XH,Gao TG,Chen WL,Ma HY,Geng YY,Jin XF,Chang CY,Jiang H,Cai L,Zang CX,Wu JY,Ye JF,Lai YJ,Liu B,Lin QW,Xue NX(2017)Threatened species list of China's higher plants.Biodiversity Science,25,696-744.(in Chinese and in English)[覃海宁,杨永,董仕勇,何强,贾渝,赵莉娜,于胜祥,刘慧圆,刘博,严岳鸿,向建英,夏念和,彭华,李振宇,张志翔,何兴金,尹林克,林余霖,刘全儒,侯元同,刘演,刘启新,曹伟,李建强,陈世龙,金效华,高天刚,陈文俐,马海英,耿玉英,金孝锋,常朝阳,蒋宏,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,武建勇,叶建飞,赖阳均,刘冰,林秦文,薛纳新(2017)中国高等植物受威胁物种名录.生物多样性,25,696-744.]
Shaw AJ,Cox CJ,Goffinet B(2005)Global patterns of moss diversity:Taxonomic and molecular inferences.Taxon,54,337-352.
Shi XW,Zhang L,Zhang JJ,Ouyang ZY,Xiao Y(2018)Priority area of biodiversity conservation in Southwest China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,37,3721-3728.(in Chinese with English abstract)[史雪威,张路,张晶晶,欧阳志云,肖燚(2018)西南地区生物多样性保护优先格局评估.生态学杂志,37,3721-3728.]
Silva MPP,Porto KC(2015)Diversity of bryophytes in priority areas for conservation in the Atlantic forest of Northeast Brazil.Acta Botanica Brasilica,29,16-23.
Sim-Sim M,Ruas S,Fontinha S,Hedenas L,Sergio C,Lobo C(2014)Bryophyte conservation on a North Atlantic hotspot:Threatened bryophytes in Madeira and Selvagens Archipelagos(Portugal).Systematics and Biodiversity,12,315-330.
Tuba Z,Slack NG,Stark LR(2011)Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Turetsky MR(2003)The role of bryophytes in carbon and nitrogen cycling.The Bryologist,106,395-409.
Vanderpoorten A,Hallingback T(2009)Conservation biology.In:Bryophyte Biology,2nd edn(eds Goffinet B,Shaw AJ),pp.487-533.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Vellak K,Ingerpuu N,Vellak A,Partel M(2010)Vascular plant and bryophytes species representation in the protected areas network on the national scale.Biodiversity and Conservation,19,1353-1364.
Xiong YX(2007)Research on Bryophyte Diversity of the Intersection Converge of Guizhou,Chongqing,Hunan,Hubei.Guizhou Science and Technology Press,Guiyang.(in Chinese)[熊源新(2007)黔渝湘鄂交界地区苔藓植物物种多样性研究.贵州科技出版社,贵阳.]
Geffert JL,Frahm JP,Barthlott W,Mutke J(2013)Global moss diversity:Spatial and taxonomic patterns of species richness.Journal of Bryology,35,1-11.
Gignac LD(2001)Bryophytes as indicators of climate change.The Bryologist,104,410-420.
Goffinet B,Buck WR,Shaw AJ(2009)Morphology,anatomy,and classification of the Bryophyta.In:Bryophyte Biology,2nd edn(eds Goffinet B,Shaw AJ),p.55.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Goffinet B,Buck WR(2018)Classification of the Bryophyta.http://bryology.uconn.edu/classification/.(accessed on 2018-11-24)
Hallingback T,Tan BC(2010)Past and present activities and future strategy of bryophyte conservation.Phytotaxa,9,266-274.
Hu XY,Wu PC(1991)Study on the mossflora of Mt.Jinfu,Sichuan Province.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,29,315-334.(in Chinese with English abstract)[胡晓云,吴鹏程(1991)四川金佛山藓类植物区系的研究.植物分类学报,29,315-334.]
Jaccard P(1912)The distribution of the flora of the alpine zone.New Phytologist,11,37-50.
Jia Y,He S(2013)Species Catalogue of China,Vol.1.Plants:Bryophytes.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[贾渝,何思(2013)中国生物物种名录第一卷植物:苔藓植物.科学出版社,北京.]
Jia Y,Ma XT,Ban Q,Li M,Yang GH(2014)Higher Plants of the Dabashan Mountains.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[贾渝,马欣堂,班勤,李敏,杨改河(2014)大巴山地区高等植物名录.科学出版社,北京.]
Jia Y,Wu PC,Wang MZ(1999)Studies on the bryophytes of Sichuan,Southwest China.I.Moss flora of Wulong.Chenia,6,97-103.
Li JS,Jin YC,Wang W,Zhao ZP,Wu XP(2016)Terrestrial Priority Areas for China Biodiversity Conservation.Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[李俊生,靳勇超,王伟,赵志平,吴晓莆(2016)中国陆域生物多样性保护优先区域.科学出版社,;北京.]
Liu Y,Pi CY,Tian S(2016)Bryophyte biodiversity of the Dabashan National Nature Reserve in Chongqing.Biodiversity Science,24,244-247.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘艳,皮春燕,田尚(2016)重庆大巴山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物多样性.生物多样性,24,244-247.]
Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China(2011)China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030).China Environmental Science Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)[中华人民共和国环境保护部(2011)中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011-2030年).中国环境科学出版社,北京.]
Mols T,Vellak K,Vellak A,Ingerpuu N(2013)Global gradients in moss and vascular plant diversity.Biodiversity and Conservation,22,1537-1551.
Myers N,Mittermeier RA,Mittermeier CG,da Fonseca GAB,Kent J(2000)Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403,853-858.
Patino J,Vanderpoorten A(2018)Bryophyte biogeography.Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,37,175-209.
Pharo EJ,Beattie AJ,Pressey RL(2000)Effectiveness of using vascular plants to select reserves for bryophytes and lichens.Biological Conservation,96,37 1-378.
Qin HN,Yang Y,Dong SY,He Q,Jia Y,Zhao LN,Yu SX,Liu HY,Liu B,Yan YH,Xiang JY,Xia NH,Peng H,Li ZY,Zhang ZX,He XJ,Yin LK,Lin YL,Liu QR,Hou YT,Liu Y,Liu QX,Cao W,Li JQ,Chen SL,Jin XH,Gao TG,Chen WL,Ma HY,Geng YY,Jin XF,Chang CY,Jiang H,Cai L,Zang CX,Wu JY,Ye JF,Lai YJ,Liu B,Lin QW,Xue NX(2017)Threatened species list of China's higher plants.Biodiversity Science,25,696-744.(in Chinese and in English)[覃海宁,杨永,董仕勇,何强,贾渝,赵莉娜,于胜祥,刘慧圆,刘博,严岳鸿,向建英,夏念和,彭华,李振宇,张志翔,何兴金,尹林克,林余霖,刘全儒,侯元同,刘演,刘启新,曹伟,李建强,陈世龙,金效华,高天刚,陈文俐,马海英,耿玉英,金孝锋,常朝阳,蒋宏,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,武建勇,叶建飞,赖阳均,刘冰,林秦文,薛纳新(2017)中国高等植物受威胁物种名录.生物多样性,25,696-744.]
Shaw AJ,Cox CJ,Goffinet B(2005)Global patterns of moss diversity:Taxonomic and molecular inferences.Taxon,54,337-352.
Shi XW,Zhang L,Zhang JJ,Ouyang ZY,Xiao Y(2018)Priority area of biodiversity conservation in Southwest China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,37,3721-3728.(in Chinese with English abstract)[史雪威,张路,张晶晶,欧阳志云,肖燚(2018)西南地区生物多样性保护优先格局评估.生态学杂志,37,3721-3728.]
Silva MPP,Porto KC(2015)Diversity of bryophytes in priority areas for conservation in the Atlantic forest of Northeast Brazil.Acta Botanica Brasilica,29,16-23.
Sim-Sim M,Ruas S,Fontinha S,Hedenas L,Sergio C,Lobo C(2014)Bryophyte conservation on a North Atlantic hotspot:Threatened bryophytes in Madeira and Selvagens Archipelagos(Portugal).Systematics and Biodiversity,12,315-330.
Tuba Z,Slack NG,Stark LR(2011)Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Turetsky MR(2003)The role of bryophytes in carbon and nitrogen cycling.The Bryologist,106,395-409.
Vanderpoorten A,Hallingback T(2009)Conservation biology.In:Bryophyte Biology,2nd edn(eds Goffinet B,Shaw AJ),pp.487-533.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge.
Vellak K,Ingerpuu N,Vellak A,Partel M(2010)Vascular plant and bryophytes species representation in the protected areas network on the national scale.Biodiversity and Conservation,19,1353-1364.
Xiong YX(2007)Research on Bryophyte Diversity of the Intersection Converge of Guizhou,Chongqing,Hunan,Hubei.Guizhou Science and Technology Press,Guiyang.(in Chinese)[熊源新(2007)黔渝湘鄂交界地区苔藓植物物种多样性研究.贵州科技出版社,贵阳.]