我国旅游资源开发与生态环境耦合协调发展的时空演变
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摘要
生态环境是旅游资源开发的基础,合理的旅游资源开发既是生态环境的内在要求,也是加强环境保护的根本动力。文章基于我国2007—2016年31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,采用耦合协调模型,构建旅游资源—生态环境耦合协调评价指标体系,测算分析我国旅游资源开发与生态环境耦合协调发展的时空分异演变情况。结果表明:①2007—2016年全国总体的旅游资源开发与生态环境耦合度主要位于拮抗阶段,耦合水平较低,时序演变不明显。②全国总体耦合协调度主要处于中度耦合协调阶段,后期提升至高度耦合协调阶段,协调水平仍有待提升,二者均呈现出稳步上升的良好态势。③从空间分异来看,我国省域耦合度及耦合协调度分布集中,空间演变不明显,耦合度西北地区陷入"低谷",其他地区均匀发展,耦合协调度呈现出东—中—西阶梯式递减的分布规律。
The ecological environment is the basis for the development of tourism resources. The reasonable development of tourism resources is not only the inherent requirement of the ecological environment, but also the fundamental driving force for strengthening environmental protection. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2007 to 2016, this paper adopts a coupling coordination model to construct index system of tourism resource and ecological environment, calculates and analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling coordinated development between tourism resources development and ecological environment in China. The results show that: 1)From 2007 to 2016, the overall coupling degree between tourism resource development and ecological environment in the country is mainly in the antagonistic stage, the coupling level is low and shows no obvious time series evolution. 2) The overall coupling coordination degree is mainly in the stage of moderate coupling and coordination, and is upgraded to a highly coupled and coordinated stage in the later stage. The coordination level still needs to be improved, and both of them show a good trend of steady increase. 3) From the perspective of spatial differentiation, China's provincial coupling degree and coupling coordination degree are concentrated, spatial evolution is not obvious, the coupling degree fell into "low value" in the northwest, and other areas are evenly developed, and the degree of coupling coordination shows a law of decreasing trend from the east to the west of the country.
The ecological environment is the basis for the development of tourism resources. The reasonable development of tourism resources is not only the inherent requirement of the ecological environment, but also the fundamental driving force for strengthening environmental protection. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2007 to 2016, this paper adopts a coupling coordination model to construct index system of tourism resource and ecological environment, calculates and analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling coordinated development between tourism resources development and ecological environment in China. The results show that: 1)From 2007 to 2016, the overall coupling degree between tourism resource development and ecological environment in the country is mainly in the antagonistic stage, the coupling level is low and shows no obvious time series evolution. 2) The overall coupling coordination degree is mainly in the stage of moderate coupling and coordination, and is upgraded to a highly coupled and coordinated stage in the later stage. The coordination level still needs to be improved, and both of them show a good trend of steady increase. 3) From the perspective of spatial differentiation, China's provincial coupling degree and coupling coordination degree are concentrated, spatial evolution is not obvious, the coupling degree fell into "low value" in the northwest, and other areas are evenly developed, and the degree of coupling coordination shows a law of decreasing trend from the east to the west of the country.
引文
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[21]汪侠,顾朝林,刘晋媛,等.旅游资源开发潜力评价的多层次灰色方法——以老子山风景区为例[J].地理研究,2007(3):625-635.
[22]谭俊涛,张平宇,李静,等.吉林省城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空演变特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3 827-3 834.
[23]刘春雨,刘英英,丁饶干.福建省新型城镇化与生态环境的耦合分析[J].应用生态学报,2018(1):1-14.
[2] Liu R Y. Impacts of Outdoor Recreation on Natural Vegetation[J]. Chinese Forestry Science Quarterly,1997(29):35-58.
[3] Xu Z L,Yan W. Carrying Capacity of Water Environment in Public Tourism Resources Based on Matter-element Model[J].Ecological Economy,2016,12(3):296-300.
[4] Wang Z B. Construction of Evaluation Index System of Tourism Carrying Capacity of the Jokhang Temple Scenic Spot[J]. Jour‐nal of Landscape Research,2018,10(1):90-96.
[5] Barry D,Solomon,Cristi M,et al. The Florida Manatee and Eco-tourism:Toward a Safe Minimum Standard[J]. Ecological Economics,2004,50(1):101-115.
[6] Shani A,Arad B. Climate Change and Tourism:Time for Environmental Skepticism[J]. Tourism Management,2014,44:82-85.
[7] Joye J F. Tourism Development and Adaptation to Climate Change Through Legal Constraint[J]. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,2018,10(2):244-252.
[8]张琰飞,朱海英,刘芳.旅游环境、消费习惯与低碳旅游参与意愿的关系——以武陵源自然遗产地为例[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(6):56-64.
[9]李巍,韩佩杰,赵雪雁.基于能值分析的生态脆弱区旅游业可持续发展研究——以甘南藏族自治州为例[J].生态学报,2018(16):1-9.
[10]章锦河,张捷.旅游生态足迹模型及黄山市实证分析[J].地理学报,2004(5):763-771.
[11]徐秀美,郑言.基于旅游生态足迹的拉萨乡村旅游地生态补偿标准——以次角林村为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(4):218-224.
[12]彭红松,章锦河,韩娅,等.旅游地生态效率测度的SBMDEA模型及实证分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):628-638.
[13]刘军,马勇.旅游可持续发展的视角:旅游生态效率的一个综述[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(9):47-56.
[14]王琦,汤放华.洞庭湖区生态—经济—社会系统耦合协调发展的时空分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):161-167,202.
[15]容贤标,胡振华,熊曦.旅游业发展与生态文明建设耦合度的地区间差异[J].经济地理,2016,36(8):189-194.
[16]李淑娟,李满霞.我国滨海城市旅游经济与生态环境耦合关系研究[J].商业研究,2016(02):185-192.
[17]杨莎莎,秦艳辉,邓闻静,等.中国十大城市群旅游经济与生态环境耦合关系的比较[J].统计与决策,2017(22):131-134.
[18]董亚娟,马耀峰,李振亭,等.西安入境旅游流与城市旅游环境耦合协调关系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(1):98-101.
[19]向丽.长江经济带旅游产业—城镇化—生态环境协调关系的时空分异研究[J].生态经济,2017,33(4):115-120.
[20]马勇,李丽霞,任洁.神农架林区旅游经济—交通状况—生态环境协调发展研究[J].经济地理,2017,37(10):215-220,227.
[21]汪侠,顾朝林,刘晋媛,等.旅游资源开发潜力评价的多层次灰色方法——以老子山风景区为例[J].地理研究,2007(3):625-635.
[22]谭俊涛,张平宇,李静,等.吉林省城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空演变特征[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3 827-3 834.
[23]刘春雨,刘英英,丁饶干.福建省新型城镇化与生态环境的耦合分析[J].应用生态学报,2018(1):1-14.