伊犁河谷不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分及其含量差异
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摘要
土壤活性有机碳对环境变化反应敏感,为探讨伊犁河谷不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分含量及其影响因素,本研究以伊犁河谷常年水淹的芦苇湿地、极少水淹的雀稗湿地以及季节性水淹的拂子茅湿地为对象,测定0～40 cm土层内土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)的含量,分析不同类型湿地EOC、DOC和MBC之间的相关性及其与土壤酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶)、土壤养分(铵态氮、全磷)和土壤有机碳(SOC)之间的关系。结果表明:3种不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分在0～40 cm土层内的垂直分异规律一致,均随土壤剖面的加深而递减,而土壤MBC、EOC和DOC含量差异性显著(P<0.05),其中芦苇湿地的土壤MBC、EOC和DOC含量均最低;3种类型湿地中,MBC、EOC和DOC所占SOC的比例分别在4. 33%～18. 02%、28. 85%～66.06%、0.73%～1.36%;除DOC所占SOC比例在0～40 cm土层内呈现先增大后减小规律外,MBC和EOC占SOC比例未呈现一致的变化规律; 3种土壤活性有机碳组分所占土壤有机碳的比例以EOC所占比例最大,DOC所占比例最小; MBC、EOC占SOC的比例均以雀稗湿地最高,DOC所占比例以拂子茅湿地最高,而芦苇湿地MBC、EOC和DOC比例均较低;3种类型湿地MBC、EOC和DOC彼此之间相关性均达到显著水平,DOC与土壤全磷相关性不显著,而3种土壤活性有机碳组分与土壤养分、土壤酶活性相关性均达到显著水平。本研究表明,土壤酶活性和土壤养分是影响土壤活性有机碳含量的重要因子。
Soil labile organic carbon is sensitive to environmental changes. We investigated the contents of labile organic carbon fractions in different types of wetland soils and its influencing factors in Yili Valley,including the long-term flooding reed( Phragmites australis) wetland,rarely flooding ditch millet( Paspalum orbiculare) wetland,and seasonal flooding chee reedgrass( Calamagrostis epigeios) wetland. The concentrations of easily oxidized organic carbon( EOC),dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and microbial biomass carbon( MBC) in 0-40 cm soil layers of different types of wetlands were measured. The correlations between soil EOC,DOC and MBC,and their relationships with activities of soil enzymes( invertase,urease,catalase),soil nutrient concentrations( ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus) and soil organic carbon( SOC) concentrations were analyzed. The vertical differentiation of the soil labile organic carbon contents in the0-40 cm soil layer in the three different types of wetland was consistent,decreasing with soil depth across the soil profile. The contents of MBC,EOC and DOC were significantly different among the three wetlands( P<0.05),with lowest contents of MBC,EOC and DOC in reed wetland. Among the three types of wetlands,the proportions of MBC,EOC and DOC in SOC were4.33%-18.02%,28.85%-66.06%,and 0.73%-1.36% in the 0-40 cm soil layer,respectively.There was no consistent pattern of the proportions of MBC and EOC,except that the proportion of DOC in SOC increased first and then decreased. Among the three soil labile organic carbon fractions,the proportion of the EOC was the highest and that of the DOC was the lowest. The highest proportions of MBC and EOC in SOC were found in the ditch millet wetland. The highest proportion of DOC was found in the chee reedgrass wetland. The proportions of MBC,EOC and DOC in reed wetlands were relatively lower. The correlations between the MBC,EOC and DOC in the three types of wetlands were significantly correlated. The correlation between DOC and soil total phosphorus was not significant,while the three soil labile organic carbon fractions with soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated. Our results indicated that soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients were important factors affecting soil labile organic carbon contents.
Soil labile organic carbon is sensitive to environmental changes. We investigated the contents of labile organic carbon fractions in different types of wetland soils and its influencing factors in Yili Valley,including the long-term flooding reed( Phragmites australis) wetland,rarely flooding ditch millet( Paspalum orbiculare) wetland,and seasonal flooding chee reedgrass( Calamagrostis epigeios) wetland. The concentrations of easily oxidized organic carbon( EOC),dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and microbial biomass carbon( MBC) in 0-40 cm soil layers of different types of wetlands were measured. The correlations between soil EOC,DOC and MBC,and their relationships with activities of soil enzymes( invertase,urease,catalase),soil nutrient concentrations( ammonium nitrogen,total phosphorus) and soil organic carbon( SOC) concentrations were analyzed. The vertical differentiation of the soil labile organic carbon contents in the0-40 cm soil layer in the three different types of wetland was consistent,decreasing with soil depth across the soil profile. The contents of MBC,EOC and DOC were significantly different among the three wetlands( P<0.05),with lowest contents of MBC,EOC and DOC in reed wetland. Among the three types of wetlands,the proportions of MBC,EOC and DOC in SOC were4.33%-18.02%,28.85%-66.06%,and 0.73%-1.36% in the 0-40 cm soil layer,respectively.There was no consistent pattern of the proportions of MBC and EOC,except that the proportion of DOC in SOC increased first and then decreased. Among the three soil labile organic carbon fractions,the proportion of the EOC was the highest and that of the DOC was the lowest. The highest proportions of MBC and EOC in SOC were found in the ditch millet wetland. The highest proportion of DOC was found in the chee reedgrass wetland. The proportions of MBC,EOC and DOC in reed wetlands were relatively lower. The correlations between the MBC,EOC and DOC in the three types of wetlands were significantly correlated. The correlation between DOC and soil total phosphorus was not significant,while the three soil labile organic carbon fractions with soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated. Our results indicated that soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients were important factors affecting soil labile organic carbon contents.
引文
丁雷,李俊华,赵思峰,等.2011.生物有机肥和拮抗菌对土壤有效养分和土壤酶活性的影响.新疆农业科学,48(3):504-510.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
侯翠翠,宋长春,李英臣,等.2011.不同水分条件下小叶章湿地表土有机碳及活性有机碳组分季节动态.环境科学,32(1):290-297.
加尔肯居马肯·爱特,张治平,李桂花,等.2018.新疆伊犁河谷(中国段)湿地资源分布特征及变化分析.海洋湖沼通报,(6):69-74.
库尔班江·哈那哈提.2011.浅谈伊犁河谷湿地现状与保护措施.科技创新导报,(30):120-120.
李兰海,刘翔,朱咏莉.2017.垦殖对伊犁河谷湿地土壤可溶性有机氮含量的影响.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,41(3):1-6.
刘骅,林英华,张云舒,等.2008.长期施肥对灰漠土生物群落和酶活性的影响.生态学报,28(8):3898-3904.
沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.1999.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应.生态学杂志,18(3):32-38.
沈玉娟,赵琦齐,冯育青,等.2011.太湖湖滨带土壤活性有机碳沿水分梯度的变化特征.生态学杂志,30(6):1119-1124.
孙宁科,索东让.2011.有机肥与化肥长期配施对作物产量和灌漠土养分库的影响.水土保持通报,31(4):42-46.
万忠梅,郭岳,郭跃东.2011.土地利用对湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响研究进展.生态环境学报,20(3):567-570.
万忠梅,宋长春.2008.小叶章湿地土壤酶活性分布特征及其与活性有机碳表征指标的关系.湿地科学,6(2):249-257.
王丽,胡金明,宋长春,等.2008.水分梯度对三江平原典型湿地植物小叶章地上生物量的影响.草业学报,17(4):19-25.
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015.三江平原不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异.生态学报,35(23):7625-7633.
杨丽霞,潘剑君.2004.土壤活性有机碳库测定方法研究进展.土壤通报,35(4):502-506.
于树,汪景宽,王鑫,等.2007.不同施肥处理的土壤肥力指标及微生物碳、氮在玉米生育期内的动态变化.水土保持学报,21(4):137-140.
占新华,周立祥.2002.土壤溶液和水体中水溶性有机碳的比色测定.中国环境科学,22(5):433-437.
张金波,宋长春.2003.土地利用方式对土壤碳库影响的敏感性评价指标.生态环境学报,12(4):500-504.
张旭辉,李典友,潘根兴,等.2008.中国湿地土壤碳库保护与气候变化问题.气候变化研究进展,4(4):202-208.
赵洁,王莉.2011.分光光度法快速测定硝、铵态氮的可行性研究.现代农业科技,(6):42-42.
赵光影,刘景双,王洋,等.2011.CO2浓度升高对三江平原湿地活性有机碳及土壤微生物的影响.地理与地理信息科学,27(2):96-100.
朱志建,姜培坤,徐秋芳.2006.不同森林植被下土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳的比较.林业科学研究,19(4):523-526.
Anderson TH,Domsch KH.1989.Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,21:471-479.
Blair GJ,Lefroy RDB,Lisle L.1995.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation,and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,46:1459-1466.
Blair GJ,Lefroy RDB,Singh BP,et al.1997.Development and use of a carbon management index to monitor changes in soil C pool size and turnover rate//Cadisch G,Gillereds KE.Driven by Nature:Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition.Wallingford:CAB International:273-281.
Guggenberger G,Kaiser K.2003.Dissolved organic matter in soil:Challenging the paradigm of sorptive preservation.Geoderma,113:293-310.
Liang BC,Mackenzie AF,Schnitzer M,et al.1997.Management-induced change in labile soil organic matter under continuous corn in eastern Canadian soils.Biology and Fertility of Soils,26:88-94.
Maie N,Watanabe A,Kimura M.2004.Chemical characteristics and potential source of fulvic acids leached from the plow layer of paddy soil.Geoderma,120:309-323.
Sun B,Zhang TL,Zhao QG.1999.Fertility evolution of red soil derived from quaternary red clay in low-hilly region in middle subtropics.Ⅱ.Evolution of soil chemical and biological fertilities.Acta Pedologica Sinica,36:203-217.
Zou XM,Ruan HH,Fu Y,et al.2005.Estimating soil labile organic carbon and potential turnover rates using a sequential fumigation-incubation procedure.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37:1923-1928.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社.
侯翠翠,宋长春,李英臣,等.2011.不同水分条件下小叶章湿地表土有机碳及活性有机碳组分季节动态.环境科学,32(1):290-297.
加尔肯居马肯·爱特,张治平,李桂花,等.2018.新疆伊犁河谷(中国段)湿地资源分布特征及变化分析.海洋湖沼通报,(6):69-74.
库尔班江·哈那哈提.2011.浅谈伊犁河谷湿地现状与保护措施.科技创新导报,(30):120-120.
李兰海,刘翔,朱咏莉.2017.垦殖对伊犁河谷湿地土壤可溶性有机氮含量的影响.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,41(3):1-6.
刘骅,林英华,张云舒,等.2008.长期施肥对灰漠土生物群落和酶活性的影响.生态学报,28(8):3898-3904.
沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.1999.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应.生态学杂志,18(3):32-38.
沈玉娟,赵琦齐,冯育青,等.2011.太湖湖滨带土壤活性有机碳沿水分梯度的变化特征.生态学杂志,30(6):1119-1124.
孙宁科,索东让.2011.有机肥与化肥长期配施对作物产量和灌漠土养分库的影响.水土保持通报,31(4):42-46.
万忠梅,郭岳,郭跃东.2011.土地利用对湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响研究进展.生态环境学报,20(3):567-570.
万忠梅,宋长春.2008.小叶章湿地土壤酶活性分布特征及其与活性有机碳表征指标的关系.湿地科学,6(2):249-257.
王丽,胡金明,宋长春,等.2008.水分梯度对三江平原典型湿地植物小叶章地上生物量的影响.草业学报,17(4):19-25.
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015.三江平原不同类型湿地土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异.生态学报,35(23):7625-7633.
杨丽霞,潘剑君.2004.土壤活性有机碳库测定方法研究进展.土壤通报,35(4):502-506.
于树,汪景宽,王鑫,等.2007.不同施肥处理的土壤肥力指标及微生物碳、氮在玉米生育期内的动态变化.水土保持学报,21(4):137-140.
占新华,周立祥.2002.土壤溶液和水体中水溶性有机碳的比色测定.中国环境科学,22(5):433-437.
张金波,宋长春.2003.土地利用方式对土壤碳库影响的敏感性评价指标.生态环境学报,12(4):500-504.
张旭辉,李典友,潘根兴,等.2008.中国湿地土壤碳库保护与气候变化问题.气候变化研究进展,4(4):202-208.
赵洁,王莉.2011.分光光度法快速测定硝、铵态氮的可行性研究.现代农业科技,(6):42-42.
赵光影,刘景双,王洋,等.2011.CO2浓度升高对三江平原湿地活性有机碳及土壤微生物的影响.地理与地理信息科学,27(2):96-100.
朱志建,姜培坤,徐秋芳.2006.不同森林植被下土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳的比较.林业科学研究,19(4):523-526.
Anderson TH,Domsch KH.1989.Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,21:471-479.
Blair GJ,Lefroy RDB,Lisle L.1995.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation,and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,46:1459-1466.
Blair GJ,Lefroy RDB,Singh BP,et al.1997.Development and use of a carbon management index to monitor changes in soil C pool size and turnover rate//Cadisch G,Gillereds KE.Driven by Nature:Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition.Wallingford:CAB International:273-281.
Guggenberger G,Kaiser K.2003.Dissolved organic matter in soil:Challenging the paradigm of sorptive preservation.Geoderma,113:293-310.
Liang BC,Mackenzie AF,Schnitzer M,et al.1997.Management-induced change in labile soil organic matter under continuous corn in eastern Canadian soils.Biology and Fertility of Soils,26:88-94.
Maie N,Watanabe A,Kimura M.2004.Chemical characteristics and potential source of fulvic acids leached from the plow layer of paddy soil.Geoderma,120:309-323.
Sun B,Zhang TL,Zhao QG.1999.Fertility evolution of red soil derived from quaternary red clay in low-hilly region in middle subtropics.Ⅱ.Evolution of soil chemical and biological fertilities.Acta Pedologica Sinica,36:203-217.
Zou XM,Ruan HH,Fu Y,et al.2005.Estimating soil labile organic carbon and potential turnover rates using a sequential fumigation-incubation procedure.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37:1923-1928.