秦岭北麓生态问题及土壤修复研究进展
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摘要
秦岭是中国生态保护的重点区域之一,其生物种类繁多,环境意义重大。秦岭北麓(西安段)作为秦岭重要组成部分,关乎着西安市生态环境状况和经济发展质量,但就实际情况来看,其生态环境相对脆弱,治理难度较大。特殊的地理位置、过度的矿物开发、不合理的景区规划、违规建设私人别墅、生活垃圾排放随意等导致的一系列土壤污染问题,造成秦岭北麓生态环境严重破坏。针对秦岭北麓污染类型多样、污染程度不一等生态问题,应当运用遥感监测等技术手段深入调研,来推进污损土地修复与评价工作,从而实现秦岭北麓的土地资源合理利用、土壤质量进一步提升;根据不同的土壤性状及污染状况,利用物理化学、生物、新兴土壤修复技术,集中在污染来源、污染程度等方面不断实践并建立有效的修复体系,并进行长期动态监测。此外,通过土地科技创新、微生物与微量元素标准研究、土地科学与工程理论研究,建立生态保护标准体系和制定秦岭北麓生态红线,配合政府自我规范和完善,从而实现土地资源分类治理、土壤质量修复完善、环境优化管理,多方面多维度多层次地指导秦岭北麓生态环境恢复工作,为秦岭北麓的生态建设提供符合实际的具有可操作性的对策。
Qinling Mountains is one of the key areas of ecological conservation in China. As an important part of the Qinling Mountains,the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains( Xi'an section) is related to the ecological environment and economic development quality of Xi'an City.The special location,over-exploitation of mineral resources,illegal construction of private villas,free discharge of domestic waste,have led to a series of soil pollution problems,with serious environmental damage in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. In view of the ecological problems such as diverse pollution types and varying pollution levels in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains,it is necessary to use remote sensing monitoring to carry out in-depth investigation,with the aim to promote the restoration and evaluation of contaminated land and realize the rational utilization of land resources and further improvement of soil quality. According to different soil properties and pollution conditions,physicochemical,biological and new soil remediation techniques are used to establish effective remediation system in the aspects of pollution source and pollution degree,and to carry out long-term dynamic monitoring. In addition,through land science and technology innovation,the research in microbes and trace elements,the theoretical study of land science and engineering,we will establish ecological protection standard system and ecological redline in the northern root of Qinling Mountains,which will help the government to be self-regulated and improved,thus realizing the land resource classification management,soil quality improvement,and environment management optimization and providing guidance and operable strategies for ecological restoration in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.
Qinling Mountains is one of the key areas of ecological conservation in China. As an important part of the Qinling Mountains,the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains( Xi'an section) is related to the ecological environment and economic development quality of Xi'an City.The special location,over-exploitation of mineral resources,illegal construction of private villas,free discharge of domestic waste,have led to a series of soil pollution problems,with serious environmental damage in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. In view of the ecological problems such as diverse pollution types and varying pollution levels in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains,it is necessary to use remote sensing monitoring to carry out in-depth investigation,with the aim to promote the restoration and evaluation of contaminated land and realize the rational utilization of land resources and further improvement of soil quality. According to different soil properties and pollution conditions,physicochemical,biological and new soil remediation techniques are used to establish effective remediation system in the aspects of pollution source and pollution degree,and to carry out long-term dynamic monitoring. In addition,through land science and technology innovation,the research in microbes and trace elements,the theoretical study of land science and engineering,we will establish ecological protection standard system and ecological redline in the northern root of Qinling Mountains,which will help the government to be self-regulated and improved,thus realizing the land resource classification management,soil quality improvement,and environment management optimization and providing guidance and operable strategies for ecological restoration in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains.
引文
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郝汉舟,陈同斌,靳孟贵,等.2011.重金属污染土壤稳定/固化修复技术研究进展.应用生态学报,22(3):816-824.
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计敏惠,邹华,杜玮,等.2016.表面活性剂增效电动技术修复多环芳烃污染土壤.环境工程学报,10(7):3871-3876.
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姜建军.2017.实施“三深一土”国土资源科技创新发展战略的思考.国土资源科技管理,34(3):1-8.
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