武汉城市圈内部空间联系及其轴-辐网络结构演化
|
摘要
轴-辐伺服网络是一种高效的网络类型,有利于降低要素流动成本,提高效率,并发挥规模效应。选取武汉城市圈内37个城镇作为网络节点,利用修正后的引力模型计算其1995—2015年空间联系并进行分析,之后根据联系强度分布构建空间联系网络,并运用Python第三方开源软件包Networkx对其轴-辐网络结构及演化进行评价,得到如下结论:①城市间联系强度逐渐增强,由单极放射状向网状一体化渐次演化,总体联系呈现以武汉主城区为中心的核心—边缘格局。空间联系网络与联系强度同步发育,结构更加致密,同时关键节点的枢纽地位愈发凸显。②关键轴心城镇与联系通道围绕武汉主城区逐步发育,最终形成覆盖武汉主城区东、北、南三向的多重连接环,构成辐点城镇与轴心城镇进行联系的主要路径。③整体网络形成以武汉主城区为一级轴心,部分地级城市主城区为二级轴心,其他城镇为辐点的轴—辐网络结构,形态则呈现点对式网络—初级轴-辐网络—层级轴-辐网络的演化过程,且仍处于继续发育中。
Hub-spoke network is an efficient network structure, which is helpful for reducing the cost of factor flow, improving efficiency, and increasing scale effect. Hub-spoke network consists of some hubs and spoke,where the hubs play the key role of circulating factors like people, capital, information, and so on, and the spoke receive the factors and transfer them in a specific way so that efficiency would be improved significantly. In this study, we took 37 counties and districts in the Wuhan metropolitan area as the research area and used the modified gravity model to calculate the spatial linkage strength in 1995, 2005, and 2015 between the 37 units.Then we mapped the hub-spoke network with networkx, an open source package of python and analyzed the changes. The results show that: 1) The strength of the linkages between towns and cities have gradually increased, and the pattern evolved from unipolar radiation to network integration. Meanwhile, the overall linkages present a core-periphery pattern centered on the main urban area of Wuhan City. The spatial linkage network developed synchronously with linkage strength, and network structure has become increasingly more compact. At the same time, the pivotal position of key nodes is becoming more prominent. 2) Key hub towns and linkage channels gradually developed around the main urban area of Wuhan City, forming some connecting rings covering the northeast and south of the main urban area of Wuhan City as the key connecting channels between key hub towns and spoke towns. 3) The structure of the overall linkage network consists of a high level hub,which is the main urban area of Wuhan City, some middle level hubs, which are the main urban areas of some prefecture-level cities, and the spoke towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area. The hub and spoke network structure has evolved from point-to-point to primary hub and spoke network and leveled hub and spoke network,but this structure is not perfect at present and is still in development.
Hub-spoke network is an efficient network structure, which is helpful for reducing the cost of factor flow, improving efficiency, and increasing scale effect. Hub-spoke network consists of some hubs and spoke,where the hubs play the key role of circulating factors like people, capital, information, and so on, and the spoke receive the factors and transfer them in a specific way so that efficiency would be improved significantly. In this study, we took 37 counties and districts in the Wuhan metropolitan area as the research area and used the modified gravity model to calculate the spatial linkage strength in 1995, 2005, and 2015 between the 37 units.Then we mapped the hub-spoke network with networkx, an open source package of python and analyzed the changes. The results show that: 1) The strength of the linkages between towns and cities have gradually increased, and the pattern evolved from unipolar radiation to network integration. Meanwhile, the overall linkages present a core-periphery pattern centered on the main urban area of Wuhan City. The spatial linkage network developed synchronously with linkage strength, and network structure has become increasingly more compact. At the same time, the pivotal position of key nodes is becoming more prominent. 2) Key hub towns and linkage channels gradually developed around the main urban area of Wuhan City, forming some connecting rings covering the northeast and south of the main urban area of Wuhan City as the key connecting channels between key hub towns and spoke towns. 3) The structure of the overall linkage network consists of a high level hub,which is the main urban area of Wuhan City, some middle level hubs, which are the main urban areas of some prefecture-level cities, and the spoke towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area. The hub and spoke network structure has evolved from point-to-point to primary hub and spoke network and leveled hub and spoke network,but this structure is not perfect at present and is still in development.
引文
曹炳汝,尹娣.2016.基于轴-辐式理论的长三角区域物流网络的构建研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,32(2):105-110.[Cao B R,Yin D.2016.Construction of regional logistics network for the Yangtze River Delta based on hub and spoke theory.Geography and Geo-Information Science,32(2):105-110.]
陈群元,宋玉祥.2010.城市群空间范围的综合界定方法研究:以长株潭城市群为例[J].地理科学,30(5):660-666.[Chen Q Y,Song Y X.2010.Methods of dividing the boundary of urban agglomerations-Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration as a case.Scientia Geographica Sinica,30(5):660-666.]
陈彦光,刘继生.2002.基于引力模型的城市空间互相关和功率谱分析:引力模型的理论证明、函数推广及应用实例[J].地理研究,21(6):742-752.[Chen Y G,Liu J S.2002.Derivation and generalization of the urban gravitational model using fractal idea with an application to the spatial cross-correlation between Beijing and Tianjin.Geographical Research,21(6):742-752.]
顾朝林,庞海峰.2008.基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分[J].地理研究,27(1):1-12.[Gu C L,Pang H F.2008.Study on spatial relations of Chinese urban system:Gravity model approach.Geographical Research,27(1):1-12.]
郭源园,胡守庚,金贵.2012.基于改进城市引力模型的湖南省经济区空间格局演变研究[J].经济地理,32(12):67-72.[Guo Y Y,Hu S G,Jin G.2012.Evolution of spatial pattern on Hunan Province's economic zones based on improved gravitational models of cities.Economic Geography,32(12):67-72.]
姜博,修春亮,赵映慧.2009.“十五”时期环渤海城市群经济联系分析[J].地理科学,29(3):347-352.[Jiang B,Xiu CL,Zhao Y H.2009.Economic contacts of urban groups in Bohai Sea in the Tenth Five-Year Period.Scientia Geographica Sinica,29(3):347-352.]
蒋大亮,孙烨,任航,等.2015.基于百度指数的长江中游城市群城市网络特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(10):1654-1664.[Jiang D L,Sun Y,Ren H,et al.2015.Analyses on the city network characteristics of middle Yangtze urban agglomeration based on Baidu index.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,24(10):1654-1664.]
金凤君,王成金.2005.轴-辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑[J].地理研究,24(5):774-784.[Jin F J,Wang C J.2005.Hub-and-spoke system and China aviation network organization.Geographical Research,24(5):774-784.]
冷炳荣,杨永春,李英杰,等.2011.中国城市经济网络结构空间特征及其复杂性分析[J].地理学报,66(2):199-211.[Leng B G,Yang Y C,Li Y J,et al.2011.Spatial characteristics and complex analysis:A perspective from basic activities of urban networks in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,66(2):199-211.]
李亚婷,潘少奇,苗长虹.2014.中原经济区县际经济联系网络结构及其演化特征[J].地理研究,33(7):1239-1250.[Li Y T,Pan S Q,Miao C H.2014.Structure and evolution of economic linkage network at county level in Central Plains Economic Zone.Geographical Research,33(7):1239-1250.]
刘承良,段德忠,余瑞林.2013.武汉城市圈城乡道路网通达性的空间演化[J].经济地理,33(9):43-50.[Liu C L,Duan D Z,Yu R L.2013.Spatial evolution of space-time distance accessibility of urban-rural road network in Wuhan metropolitan area.Economic Geography,33(9):43-50.]
潘少奇,李亚婷,高建华.2014.中原经济区经济联系网络空间格局[J].地理科学进展,33(1):92-101.[Pan S Q,Li YT,Gao J H.2014.Spatial pattern of economic linkage network in Central Plains Economic Zone.Progress in Geography,33(1):92-101.]
宋吉涛,赵晖,陆军,等.2009.基于投入产出理论的城市群产业空间联系[J].地理科学进展,28(6):932-943.[Song J T,Zhao H,Lu J,et al.2009.Approach and empirical research on industry contact|in urban agglomeration.Progress in Geography,28(6):932-943.]
宋琼,赵新正,李同昇,等.2018.多重城市网络空间结构及影响因素:基于有向多值关系视角[J].地理科学进展,37(9):1257-1267.[Song Q,Zhao X Z,Li T S,et al.2018.Spatial structures and influencing factors of multiple urban networks based on the perspective of directed-multivalued relation.Progress in Geography,37(9):1257-1267.]
孙阳,姚士谋,张落成.2016.长三角城市群“空间流”层级功能结构:基于高铁客运数据的分析[J].地理科学进展,35(11):1381-1387.[Sun Y,Yao S M,Zhang L C.2016.Functional structure of spatial flow in the Yangtze River Delta:Analysis of passenger based data for the high speed railway.Progress in Geography,35(11):1381-1387.]
王圣云,翟晨阳,顾筱和.2016.长江中游城市群空间联系网络结构及其动态演化[J].长江流域资源与环境,25(3):353-364.[Wang S Y,Zhai C Y,Gu X H.2016.Analysis on spatial network structure's dynamic evolution of urban agglomerations in the middle Yangtze River Basin.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,25(3):353-364.]
杨宇.2006.多指标综合评价中赋权方法评析[J].统计与决策,(7):17-19.[Yang Y.2006.Evaluation and analysis of different weight methods in comprehensive evaluation with multi-index.Statistics and Decision,(7):17-19.]
叶磊,段学军.2016.基于物流企业的长三角地区城市网络结构[J].地理科学进展,35(5):622-631.[Ye L,Duan X J.2016.City network structure of the Yangtze River Delta region based on logistics enterprise network.Progress in Geography,35(5):622-631.]
田野,罗静,孙建伟,等.2018.区域可达性改善与交通联系网络结构演化:以湖北省为例[J].经济地理,38(3):72-81.[Tian Y,Luo J,Sun J W,et al.2018.Regional accessibility improvement and evolution of traffic connection network structure:A case study of Hubei Province.Economic Geography,38(3):72-81.]
俞艳,童艳,胡珊珊,等.2017.武汉城市圈城市空间相互作用时空演变分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(11):1784-1794.[Yu Y,Tong Y,Hu S S,et al.2017.Spatio-temporal evolution of spatial interaction among cities of Wuhan metropolitan area.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,26(11):1784-1794.]
郑文升,姜玉培,卓蓉蓉,等.2016.安徽省县际经济联系网络结构演变及影响因素[J].地理科学,36(2):265-273.[Zheng W S,Jiang Y P,Zhuo R R,et al.2016.Evolution and influencing factors of the structure of economic linkage network at county level in Anhui Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,36(2):265-273.]
Alderson A S,Beckfield J.2004.Power and position in the world city system[J].American Journal of Sociology,109(4):811-851.
Batten D F.2014.Network cities:Creative urban agglomerations for the 21st century[J].Urban Studies,32(2):313-327.
Beckmann M J,Mcpherson J C.2010.City size distribution in a central place hierarchy:An alternative approach[J].Journal of Regional Science,10(1):25-33.
Conti D V,Witte J S.2003.Hierarchical modeling of linkage disequilibrium:Genetic structure and spatial relations[J].American Journal of Human Genetics,72(2):351-363.
Derudder B,Taylor P.2005.The cliquishness of world cities[J].Global Networks,5(1):71-91.
Derudder B,Witlox F,Faulconbridge J,et al.2008.Airline data for global city network research:Reviewing and refining existing approaches[J].Geojournal,71(1):5-18.
Kohsaka H.1986.The location process of central place system within a circular city[J].Economic Geography,62(3):254-266.
Okelly M E.1987.A quadratic integer program for the location of interacting hub facilities[J].European Journal of Operational Research,32(3):393-404.
Russon M G,Vakil F.1995.Population,convenience and distance decay in a short-haul model of United States air transportation[J].Journal of Transport Geography,3(3):179-185.
Taylor P J,Hoyler M,Verbruggen R.2010.External urban relational process:Introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory[J].Urban Studies,47(13):2803-2818.
陈群元,宋玉祥.2010.城市群空间范围的综合界定方法研究:以长株潭城市群为例[J].地理科学,30(5):660-666.[Chen Q Y,Song Y X.2010.Methods of dividing the boundary of urban agglomerations-Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration as a case.Scientia Geographica Sinica,30(5):660-666.]
陈彦光,刘继生.2002.基于引力模型的城市空间互相关和功率谱分析:引力模型的理论证明、函数推广及应用实例[J].地理研究,21(6):742-752.[Chen Y G,Liu J S.2002.Derivation and generalization of the urban gravitational model using fractal idea with an application to the spatial cross-correlation between Beijing and Tianjin.Geographical Research,21(6):742-752.]
顾朝林,庞海峰.2008.基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分[J].地理研究,27(1):1-12.[Gu C L,Pang H F.2008.Study on spatial relations of Chinese urban system:Gravity model approach.Geographical Research,27(1):1-12.]
郭源园,胡守庚,金贵.2012.基于改进城市引力模型的湖南省经济区空间格局演变研究[J].经济地理,32(12):67-72.[Guo Y Y,Hu S G,Jin G.2012.Evolution of spatial pattern on Hunan Province's economic zones based on improved gravitational models of cities.Economic Geography,32(12):67-72.]
姜博,修春亮,赵映慧.2009.“十五”时期环渤海城市群经济联系分析[J].地理科学,29(3):347-352.[Jiang B,Xiu CL,Zhao Y H.2009.Economic contacts of urban groups in Bohai Sea in the Tenth Five-Year Period.Scientia Geographica Sinica,29(3):347-352.]
蒋大亮,孙烨,任航,等.2015.基于百度指数的长江中游城市群城市网络特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(10):1654-1664.[Jiang D L,Sun Y,Ren H,et al.2015.Analyses on the city network characteristics of middle Yangtze urban agglomeration based on Baidu index.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,24(10):1654-1664.]
金凤君,王成金.2005.轴-辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模式构筑[J].地理研究,24(5):774-784.[Jin F J,Wang C J.2005.Hub-and-spoke system and China aviation network organization.Geographical Research,24(5):774-784.]
冷炳荣,杨永春,李英杰,等.2011.中国城市经济网络结构空间特征及其复杂性分析[J].地理学报,66(2):199-211.[Leng B G,Yang Y C,Li Y J,et al.2011.Spatial characteristics and complex analysis:A perspective from basic activities of urban networks in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,66(2):199-211.]
李亚婷,潘少奇,苗长虹.2014.中原经济区县际经济联系网络结构及其演化特征[J].地理研究,33(7):1239-1250.[Li Y T,Pan S Q,Miao C H.2014.Structure and evolution of economic linkage network at county level in Central Plains Economic Zone.Geographical Research,33(7):1239-1250.]
刘承良,段德忠,余瑞林.2013.武汉城市圈城乡道路网通达性的空间演化[J].经济地理,33(9):43-50.[Liu C L,Duan D Z,Yu R L.2013.Spatial evolution of space-time distance accessibility of urban-rural road network in Wuhan metropolitan area.Economic Geography,33(9):43-50.]
潘少奇,李亚婷,高建华.2014.中原经济区经济联系网络空间格局[J].地理科学进展,33(1):92-101.[Pan S Q,Li YT,Gao J H.2014.Spatial pattern of economic linkage network in Central Plains Economic Zone.Progress in Geography,33(1):92-101.]
宋吉涛,赵晖,陆军,等.2009.基于投入产出理论的城市群产业空间联系[J].地理科学进展,28(6):932-943.[Song J T,Zhao H,Lu J,et al.2009.Approach and empirical research on industry contact|in urban agglomeration.Progress in Geography,28(6):932-943.]
宋琼,赵新正,李同昇,等.2018.多重城市网络空间结构及影响因素:基于有向多值关系视角[J].地理科学进展,37(9):1257-1267.[Song Q,Zhao X Z,Li T S,et al.2018.Spatial structures and influencing factors of multiple urban networks based on the perspective of directed-multivalued relation.Progress in Geography,37(9):1257-1267.]
孙阳,姚士谋,张落成.2016.长三角城市群“空间流”层级功能结构:基于高铁客运数据的分析[J].地理科学进展,35(11):1381-1387.[Sun Y,Yao S M,Zhang L C.2016.Functional structure of spatial flow in the Yangtze River Delta:Analysis of passenger based data for the high speed railway.Progress in Geography,35(11):1381-1387.]
王圣云,翟晨阳,顾筱和.2016.长江中游城市群空间联系网络结构及其动态演化[J].长江流域资源与环境,25(3):353-364.[Wang S Y,Zhai C Y,Gu X H.2016.Analysis on spatial network structure's dynamic evolution of urban agglomerations in the middle Yangtze River Basin.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,25(3):353-364.]
杨宇.2006.多指标综合评价中赋权方法评析[J].统计与决策,(7):17-19.[Yang Y.2006.Evaluation and analysis of different weight methods in comprehensive evaluation with multi-index.Statistics and Decision,(7):17-19.]
叶磊,段学军.2016.基于物流企业的长三角地区城市网络结构[J].地理科学进展,35(5):622-631.[Ye L,Duan X J.2016.City network structure of the Yangtze River Delta region based on logistics enterprise network.Progress in Geography,35(5):622-631.]
田野,罗静,孙建伟,等.2018.区域可达性改善与交通联系网络结构演化:以湖北省为例[J].经济地理,38(3):72-81.[Tian Y,Luo J,Sun J W,et al.2018.Regional accessibility improvement and evolution of traffic connection network structure:A case study of Hubei Province.Economic Geography,38(3):72-81.]
俞艳,童艳,胡珊珊,等.2017.武汉城市圈城市空间相互作用时空演变分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(11):1784-1794.[Yu Y,Tong Y,Hu S S,et al.2017.Spatio-temporal evolution of spatial interaction among cities of Wuhan metropolitan area.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,26(11):1784-1794.]
郑文升,姜玉培,卓蓉蓉,等.2016.安徽省县际经济联系网络结构演变及影响因素[J].地理科学,36(2):265-273.[Zheng W S,Jiang Y P,Zhuo R R,et al.2016.Evolution and influencing factors of the structure of economic linkage network at county level in Anhui Province.Scientia Geographica Sinica,36(2):265-273.]
Alderson A S,Beckfield J.2004.Power and position in the world city system[J].American Journal of Sociology,109(4):811-851.
Batten D F.2014.Network cities:Creative urban agglomerations for the 21st century[J].Urban Studies,32(2):313-327.
Beckmann M J,Mcpherson J C.2010.City size distribution in a central place hierarchy:An alternative approach[J].Journal of Regional Science,10(1):25-33.
Conti D V,Witte J S.2003.Hierarchical modeling of linkage disequilibrium:Genetic structure and spatial relations[J].American Journal of Human Genetics,72(2):351-363.
Derudder B,Taylor P.2005.The cliquishness of world cities[J].Global Networks,5(1):71-91.
Derudder B,Witlox F,Faulconbridge J,et al.2008.Airline data for global city network research:Reviewing and refining existing approaches[J].Geojournal,71(1):5-18.
Kohsaka H.1986.The location process of central place system within a circular city[J].Economic Geography,62(3):254-266.
Okelly M E.1987.A quadratic integer program for the location of interacting hub facilities[J].European Journal of Operational Research,32(3):393-404.
Russon M G,Vakil F.1995.Population,convenience and distance decay in a short-haul model of United States air transportation[J].Journal of Transport Geography,3(3):179-185.
Taylor P J,Hoyler M,Verbruggen R.2010.External urban relational process:Introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory[J].Urban Studies,47(13):2803-2818.