无煤柱切顶沿空留巷矿压显现规律
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摘要
为了掌握无煤柱切顶留巷的矿压显现规律并检验巷道支护效果,以澄合矿区董东煤矿50107工作面为研究对象,采用现场监测的手段对无煤柱切顶沿空留巷受采动影响条件下的顶板下沉规律、帮部变形规律及单体支柱受力变化规律进行了实测,并同时对切顶效果、挡矸效果及巷道稳定性进行了分析与评价。结果表明,巷道矿压随工作面的临近而逐渐增大,采动过程中靠近采空区侧的巷道矿压显现程度更为剧烈,表现出明显的非对称性特征,巷道顶板的回转运动是造成巷道非对称矿压显现的主要原因。此外,无煤柱切顶沿空留巷阶段性变化特征明显,初始变化阶段位于工作面后方0～35 m;快速变形阶段位于工作面后方35～75 m;缓慢变形阶段位于工作面后75 m以外,巷道变形及支柱受力均达到稳定状态。巷道矿压显现的主要过程集中在快速变形阶段,需加强对巷道围岩的控制。实践表明,无煤柱切顶沿空留巷采用锚网配合单体支柱的支护方式可行。
To explore the pressure behavior and to test the supporting effect of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting and non-pillar mining, a variety of on-site monitoring techniques are used to test the law of roof subsidence, rib deformation and stress of the single prop with the working face 50107 from Dongdong coal mine in Chenghe mining area as the subject, a variety of analysis and an evaluation have been made of the effects of roof cutting and tamping as well as roadway stability in this paper. The research results show that the pressure of roadway gradually increases with the approaching of the working face. Meanwhile, the pressure in the roadway near the side of the goaf is more intense during the mining process with significant asymmetry demonstrated. The rotation of the roof is the main reason for the apparent mine pressure of the roadway. In addition, the changes are obvious in different stages of the pressure of the coal roadway. The initial change stage is located at 0～35 m behind the working face.Rapid deformation mainly occurs 35～75 m behind the working face; Slow deformation stage is located at 75 m behind the working surface, the roadway is rapidly reduced and tends to be stable. The main process of roadway pressure is concentrated at the stage of rapid deformation, and it is necessary to strengthen the control of surrounding rock of roadway. Practice has proved the feasibility of the anchor net and the support of the single props in the roof.
To explore the pressure behavior and to test the supporting effect of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting and non-pillar mining, a variety of on-site monitoring techniques are used to test the law of roof subsidence, rib deformation and stress of the single prop with the working face 50107 from Dongdong coal mine in Chenghe mining area as the subject, a variety of analysis and an evaluation have been made of the effects of roof cutting and tamping as well as roadway stability in this paper. The research results show that the pressure of roadway gradually increases with the approaching of the working face. Meanwhile, the pressure in the roadway near the side of the goaf is more intense during the mining process with significant asymmetry demonstrated. The rotation of the roof is the main reason for the apparent mine pressure of the roadway. In addition, the changes are obvious in different stages of the pressure of the coal roadway. The initial change stage is located at 0～35 m behind the working face.Rapid deformation mainly occurs 35～75 m behind the working face; Slow deformation stage is located at 75 m behind the working surface, the roadway is rapidly reduced and tends to be stable. The main process of roadway pressure is concentrated at the stage of rapid deformation, and it is necessary to strengthen the control of surrounding rock of roadway. Practice has proved the feasibility of the anchor net and the support of the single props in the roof.
引文
[1] 何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法——第三次矿业科学技术变革[J].煤炭科技,2017,34(1):1-9,13.HE Man-chao,SONG Zhen-qi,WANG An,et al.Theory of longwall mining by using roof cutting shortwall team and 110 method:the third mining science and technology reform[J].Coal Science & Technology Magazine,2017,34(1):1-9,13.
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[3] 陆士良.无煤柱巷道的矿压显现与受力分析[J].煤炭学报,1981,6(4):29-37.LU Shi-liang.Analysis of the rock behaviour and the stress in sur-rounding rook of the roadway in pillarless mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1981,6(4):29-37.
[4] 刘听成.无煤柱护巷的应用与进展[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1994,10(4):2-10,80.LIU Ting-cheng.Application and development in maintaining roadways without chain pillars[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1994,10(4):2-10,80.
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[6] 李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷围岩结构稳定性力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2262-2269 LI Ying-fu,HUA Xin-zhu.Mechanical analysis of the stability of surrounding rock structure of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2262-2269
[7] 文志杰.无煤柱沿空留巷控制力学模型及关键技术研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.WEN Zhi-jie.Study on the key technologies and mechanical model of gob-side retaining entry without coal pillar[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[8] 郑桂荣,杨万斌.煤巷煤体破裂区厚度的一种计算方法[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):37-40.ZHENG Gui-rong,YANG Wan-bin.A calculation method for the failure zone width of side coal-wall of roadway in seams[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):37-40.
[9] 柏建彪,侯朝炯.复合顶板极软煤层巷道锚杆支护技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):53-56.BAI Jian-biao,HOU Chao-jiong.Research on control mechanisms and supporting technology of surrounding rock of god-side entry by fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):53-56.
[10] 郭育光,柏建彪,侯朝炯.沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1992,31(4):8-12.GUO Yu-guang,BAI Jian-biao,HOU Chao-jiong,Research on the main parameters of filling body stress in gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,1992,31(4):8-12.
[11] 柏建彪,王卫军,侯朝炯,等.综放沿空掘巷围岩控制及机理支护技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(5):478-480.BAI Jian-biao,WANG Wei-jun,HOU Chao-jiong,et al.Research on blot-inject support technology of complex roof in extremely soft coal seam roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2000,25(5):478-480.
[12] 何满潮,王炯,孙晓明,等.负泊松比效应锚索的力学特性及其在冲击地压防治中的应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):214-221.HE Man-chao,WANG Jiong,SUN Xiao-ming,et al.Mechanics characteristics and applications of prevention and control rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):214-221.
[13] 高玉兵,杨军,何满潮,等.厚煤层无煤柱切顶成巷碎石帮变形机制及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(10):2492-2502.GAO Yu-bing,YANG Jun,HE Man-chao,et al.Mechanism and control techniques for gangue rib deformations in gob-side entry retaining formed by roof fracturing in thick coal seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2492-2502.
[14] 张晓虎,郭鹏飞,王炯,等.沿空留巷卸压钻孔间距优化试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(6):6-8.ZHANG Xiao-hu,GUO Peng-fei,WANG Jiong,et al.Study on pressure relief drilling spacing optimization in gob-side entry retaining[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(6):6-8.
[15] 惠兴田,崔英哲.沿空留巷预支撑技术研究及应用[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(4):47-50.HUI Xing-tian,CUI Ying-zhe.Study and application of pre-support technique for gob-side entry retaining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(4):47-50.
[16] NING Jian-guo,WANG Jun,LIU Xue-sheng,et al.Soft strong supporting mechanism of gob-side entry retaining in deep coal seams threatened by rockburst[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(6):805-810.
[17] XU Ying,SHEN Le.Mechanical characteristics and control technology of floor in gob-side entry retaining[J].Springer Singapore:2018,29(5):45-47.
[18] 惠兴田,胡梓俊.切顶留巷下挡矸支护研究[J].煤炭技术,2018,37(6):8-11.HUI Xing-tian,HU Zi-jun.Research on blocking Gangue supporting in roof-cutting roadway[J].Coal Technology,2018,37(6):8-11.
[19] 张农,张志义,吴海,等.深井沿空留巷扩刷修复技术及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):468-474.ZHANG Nong,ZHANG Zhi-yi,WU Hai,et al.Technology and application of reparation in deep gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):468-474.
[20] 高玉兵,郭志飚,杨军,等.沿空切顶巷道围岩结构稳态分析及恒压让位协调控制[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1672-1681.GAO Yu-bing,GUO Zhi-biao,YANG Jun,et al.Steady-state analysis of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof fracturing and control techniques by optimizing mine pressure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1672-1681.
[21] 魏锦周.浅埋中厚煤层沿空切顶自动成巷的稳定性分析[J].煤炭与化工,2018,41(3):61-63.WEI Jin-zhou.Stability analysis of gob-side cutting roof roadway of shallowly buried coal seam[J].Coal and Chemical Industry,2018,41(3):61-63.
[22] FAN Ke-gong,LIANG Hong-guang,MA Chi-shuai,et al.Non-harmonious deformation controlling of gob-side entry in thin coal seam under dynamic pressure[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2014,6(3):269-274.
[23] 张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1635-1641.ZHANG Nong,HAN Chang-liang,KAN Jia-guang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless gob-side entry retaining[J].Jouranl of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1635-1641.
[24] DENG Yue-hua,WANG Shou-quan.Feasibility analysis of gob-side entry retaining on a working face in a steep coal seam[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(4):499-503.
[2] 张国锋,何满潮,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,21(4):511-516.ZHANG Guo-feng,HE Man-chao,YU Xue-ping,et al.Research on the technique for no-pillar mining with gob-side entry formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao Coal Mine[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2011,21(4):511-516.
[3] 陆士良.无煤柱巷道的矿压显现与受力分析[J].煤炭学报,1981,6(4):29-37.LU Shi-liang.Analysis of the rock behaviour and the stress in sur-rounding rook of the roadway in pillarless mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1981,6(4):29-37.
[4] 刘听成.无煤柱护巷的应用与进展[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1994,10(4):2-10,80.LIU Ting-cheng.Application and development in maintaining roadways without chain pillars[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1994,10(4):2-10,80.
[5] 肖永福,刘听成.沿空留巷合理支护和卸压保护的研究[J].西安矿业学院学报,1991,11(3):1-8.XIAO Yong-fu,LIU Ting-cheng.Research on the rational support and the defense by unloading of roadways retained along gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Xi’an Mining Institute,1991,11(3):1-8.
[6] 李迎富,华心祝.沿空留巷围岩结构稳定性力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2262-2269 LI Ying-fu,HUA Xin-zhu.Mechanical analysis of the stability of surrounding rock structure of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2262-2269
[7] 文志杰.无煤柱沿空留巷控制力学模型及关键技术研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.WEN Zhi-jie.Study on the key technologies and mechanical model of gob-side retaining entry without coal pillar[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[8] 郑桂荣,杨万斌.煤巷煤体破裂区厚度的一种计算方法[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):37-40.ZHENG Gui-rong,YANG Wan-bin.A calculation method for the failure zone width of side coal-wall of roadway in seams[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):37-40.
[9] 柏建彪,侯朝炯.复合顶板极软煤层巷道锚杆支护技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):53-56.BAI Jian-biao,HOU Chao-jiong.Research on control mechanisms and supporting technology of surrounding rock of god-side entry by fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):53-56.
[10] 郭育光,柏建彪,侯朝炯.沿空留巷巷旁充填体主要参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1992,31(4):8-12.GUO Yu-guang,BAI Jian-biao,HOU Chao-jiong,Research on the main parameters of filling body stress in gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,1992,31(4):8-12.
[11] 柏建彪,王卫军,侯朝炯,等.综放沿空掘巷围岩控制及机理支护技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(5):478-480.BAI Jian-biao,WANG Wei-jun,HOU Chao-jiong,et al.Research on blot-inject support technology of complex roof in extremely soft coal seam roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2000,25(5):478-480.
[12] 何满潮,王炯,孙晓明,等.负泊松比效应锚索的力学特性及其在冲击地压防治中的应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):214-221.HE Man-chao,WANG Jiong,SUN Xiao-ming,et al.Mechanics characteristics and applications of prevention and control rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):214-221.
[13] 高玉兵,杨军,何满潮,等.厚煤层无煤柱切顶成巷碎石帮变形机制及控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(10):2492-2502.GAO Yu-bing,YANG Jun,HE Man-chao,et al.Mechanism and control techniques for gangue rib deformations in gob-side entry retaining formed by roof fracturing in thick coal seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(10):2492-2502.
[14] 张晓虎,郭鹏飞,王炯,等.沿空留巷卸压钻孔间距优化试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(6):6-8.ZHANG Xiao-hu,GUO Peng-fei,WANG Jiong,et al.Study on pressure relief drilling spacing optimization in gob-side entry retaining[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(6):6-8.
[15] 惠兴田,崔英哲.沿空留巷预支撑技术研究及应用[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(4):47-50.HUI Xing-tian,CUI Ying-zhe.Study and application of pre-support technique for gob-side entry retaining[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(4):47-50.
[16] NING Jian-guo,WANG Jun,LIU Xue-sheng,et al.Soft strong supporting mechanism of gob-side entry retaining in deep coal seams threatened by rockburst[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(6):805-810.
[17] XU Ying,SHEN Le.Mechanical characteristics and control technology of floor in gob-side entry retaining[J].Springer Singapore:2018,29(5):45-47.
[18] 惠兴田,胡梓俊.切顶留巷下挡矸支护研究[J].煤炭技术,2018,37(6):8-11.HUI Xing-tian,HU Zi-jun.Research on blocking Gangue supporting in roof-cutting roadway[J].Coal Technology,2018,37(6):8-11.
[19] 张农,张志义,吴海,等.深井沿空留巷扩刷修复技术及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):468-474.ZHANG Nong,ZHANG Zhi-yi,WU Hai,et al.Technology and application of reparation in deep gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):468-474.
[20] 高玉兵,郭志飚,杨军,等.沿空切顶巷道围岩结构稳态分析及恒压让位协调控制[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1672-1681.GAO Yu-bing,GUO Zhi-biao,YANG Jun,et al.Steady-state analysis of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof fracturing and control techniques by optimizing mine pressure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1672-1681.
[21] 魏锦周.浅埋中厚煤层沿空切顶自动成巷的稳定性分析[J].煤炭与化工,2018,41(3):61-63.WEI Jin-zhou.Stability analysis of gob-side cutting roof roadway of shallowly buried coal seam[J].Coal and Chemical Industry,2018,41(3):61-63.
[22] FAN Ke-gong,LIANG Hong-guang,MA Chi-shuai,et al.Non-harmonious deformation controlling of gob-side entry in thin coal seam under dynamic pressure[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2014,6(3):269-274.
[23] 张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1635-1641.ZHANG Nong,HAN Chang-liang,KAN Jia-guang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless gob-side entry retaining[J].Jouranl of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1635-1641.
[24] DENG Yue-hua,WANG Shou-quan.Feasibility analysis of gob-side entry retaining on a working face in a steep coal seam[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2014,24(4):499-503.