基于子模型法的动车侧窗粘接强度快速评价方法
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摘要
根据动车结构的特点,基于有限元子模型法的基本原理,提出一种动车侧窗粘接强度的快速评价方法。车体结构采用尺寸相对较大单元建立整体有限元模型,侧窗结构采用尺寸较小单元建立有限元子模型,基于三角形面积插值法提取侧窗子模型的位移边界条件,对侧窗子模型进行强度分析获得胶粘剂的应力;通过单搭接接头和对接接头的轴向拉伸试验测试,建立二次应力准则作为失效准则,对侧窗胶粘剂的粘接强度进行快速评价,整个过程通过编写FORTRAN程序自动完成;最后将快速评价方法和传统的整体细化评价方法进行对比。结果表明,快速评价方法获得的胶粘剂安全系数略低于传统评价方法,但是计算时间是传统评价方法的约1/17,这说明快速评价方法在保证可靠性的前提下,大幅度提高计算效率,为动车侧窗粘接结构的优化设计奠定了基础。
According to the structure characteristics of EMU train, a rapid evaluation method of adhesive strength is presented based on sub-model technology. The global finite element(FE) model of body structure is built with big size elements, and the sub-model of side-window is built with small size elements. The displacement boundary condition of sub-model is extracted through interpolation method of triangle area, and then the stress of side-window adhesive structure is obtained by strength analysis of sub-model. The quadratic stress criterion is established by experimental tests of single lap joints and butt joints to evaluate the adhesive strength of side-window. Furthermore, the process of evaluation method is implemented by a FORTRAN program. Finally, the rapid evaluation method is compared with the traditional method of overall refined model. Results showed that the safety coefficients calculated by the rapid evaluation method are slightly lower than that by the traditional method, but the computing time of rapid evaluation method was 1/17 of traditional method. It is concluded that the rapid evaluation method possess is reliable and efficient, which lay the foundation of optimization design for EMU train's adhesive structure.
According to the structure characteristics of EMU train, a rapid evaluation method of adhesive strength is presented based on sub-model technology. The global finite element(FE) model of body structure is built with big size elements, and the sub-model of side-window is built with small size elements. The displacement boundary condition of sub-model is extracted through interpolation method of triangle area, and then the stress of side-window adhesive structure is obtained by strength analysis of sub-model. The quadratic stress criterion is established by experimental tests of single lap joints and butt joints to evaluate the adhesive strength of side-window. Furthermore, the process of evaluation method is implemented by a FORTRAN program. Finally, the rapid evaluation method is compared with the traditional method of overall refined model. Results showed that the safety coefficients calculated by the rapid evaluation method are slightly lower than that by the traditional method, but the computing time of rapid evaluation method was 1/17 of traditional method. It is concluded that the rapid evaluation method possess is reliable and efficient, which lay the foundation of optimization design for EMU train's adhesive structure.
引文
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[18]李兆霞,郭力.工程弹性力学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2009.LI Zhaoxia,GUO Li.Plastic in engineering[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2009.
[2]SILVA L D.Handbook of adhesion technology[M].Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2011.
[3]李永兵,马运五,楼铭,等.轻量化多材料汽车车身连接技术进展[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(24):1-23.LI Yongbing,MA Yunwu,LOU Ming,et al.Advances in welding and joining processes of multi-material lightweight car body[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(24):1-23.
[4]韩啸,金勇,杨鹏,等.胶层厚度对胶粘剂Ⅰ型断裂韧性影响试验和仿真研究[J].机械工程学报,2018(10):43-52.HAN Xiao,JIN Yong,YANG Peng,et al.Experimental and simulation study on the effect of adhesive thickness on mode I fracture toughness[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018(10):43-52.
[5]刘玉.高速动车组侧窗粘接结构强度校核方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.LIU Yu.Research on strength check method for side window bonding structures of high-speed EMU[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.
[6]LARSSON V.Analysis of holes and spot weld joints using sub models and superelements[D].Lule?:Lule?University of Technology,2010.
[7]RAO S S.The finite element method in engineering[M].Oxford:Butterworth-heinemann,2017.
[8]WIERER M,SEJNOHA M,ZEMAN J,et al.Multiscale analysis of woven composites-scale transition via macroelement[J].Building Research Journal,2005(52):93-110.
[9]徐伟,李智,张肖宁.子模型法在大跨径斜拉桥桥面结构分析中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(6):30-34.XU Wei,LI Zhi,ZHANG Xiaoning.Application of submodeling method for analysis for deck structure of diagonal cable-stayed bridge with long span[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(6):30-34.
[10]涂周杰,李国清,张辉,等.有限元子模型法计算箱形结构表面裂纹应力强度因子[J].华中科技大学学报,2006(增刊2):65-67.TU Zhoujie,LI Guoqing,ZHANG Hui,et al.Stress intensity factors of surface cracks in a box structure by sub-modeling technology of finite element[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2006(Suppl.2):65-67.
[11]梁珩,曾建江,易礼毅,等.高超声速飞行器多层次结构强度分析方法[J].航空学报,2016,37(2):588-596.LIANG Heng,ZENG Jianjiang,YI Liyi,et al.Multi-level strength analysis approach for hypersonic vehicle[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(2):588-596.
[12]BANEA M D,SILVA L F M D.Adhesively bonded joints in composite materials:An overview[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design&Applications,2009,223(1):1-18.
[13]BREWER J C,LAGACE P A.Quadratic stress criterion for initiation of delamination[J].Journal of Composite Materials,1988,22(12):1141-1155.
[14]LEE M,WANG C H,YEO E.Effects of adherend thickness and taper on adhesive bond strength measured by portable pull-off tests[J].International Journal of Adhesion&Adhesives,2013,44(44):259-268.
[15]CAMPILHO R,MOURA M D,DOMINGUES J.Using a cohesive damage model to predict the tensile behaviour of CFRP single-strap repairs[J].International Journal of Solids&Structures,2008,45(5):1497-1512.
[16]NA J,LIU Y,CAI L,et al.An adhesive joint strength evaluation method and its application in mechanical engineering[J].Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2016,2(2):1-14.
[17]EN 12663:2010,Railway applications-Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies[S].Brussels:ComitéEuropéen de Normalisation,2010.
[18]李兆霞,郭力.工程弹性力学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2009.LI Zhaoxia,GUO Li.Plastic in engineering[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2009.