桩–土–斜拉桥动力相互作用体系振动反应特性试验研究
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摘要
大跨斜拉桥结构自振频率和阻尼较低,其地震响应可能受桩基础和场地土特性的影响较大,然而目前为止,由于试验条件和技术所限,尚缺乏相关的包括桩基础、场地土和上部结构在内的全模型振动台试验研究。以一座试设计的主跨1400 m超大跨斜拉桥为原型,设计并完成了一座几何相似比为1/70,且包括群桩、人工土和上部结构在内的试验模型,采用多点振动台试验技术,研究了不同加速度峰值和不同频率成分地震作用下桩–土–斜拉桥动力相互作用体系的振动反应特性。试验结果表明:桩–土–结构相互作用对斜拉桥地震响应产生影响,其影响程度与地震输入频谱特性密切相关;在纵向一致激励下,桩–土–结构相互作用受地震动加速度峰值的影响不明显,在横向一致激励下,桩–土–结构相互作用随地震动加速度峰值的增大而减小;主塔高阶振型对其地震响应的贡献明显;地震输入频谱特性影响桩–土–斜拉桥动力相互作用体系的地震响应,特别是在具有丰富长周期成分的Mexico City波作用下主梁竖向地震响应显著增大。
The seismic response of long-span cable-stayed bridges with lower structural frequencies and damping may be significantly affected by the properties of the pile foundation and site soil. However, few experimental studies on the full model for long-span cable-stayed bridges including the pile foundation, site soil and superstructure are available because of the limitations of shaking table testing facilities and technology. A 1/70-scaled full model for a cable-stayed bridge, which includes the pile groups, artificial site soil and superstructure, is designed and constructed according to the trial designed long-span cable-stayed bridge with the main span of 1400 m. The shaking table tests on the full model are conducted to study the seismic response characteristics of the dynamic interaction system of the pile-soil-cable-stayed bridge under uniform earthquake excitations with various frequency components and shaking intensities in the separately longitudinal and transverse directions.The experimental results show that:(1) The pile-soil-structure interaction effects significantly affect the seismic response of the full model for the cable-stayed bridge, but the degree of the influence is closely related to the spectral characteristics of various earthquake waves.(2) The influences of the peak acceleration of the ground motions on the pile-soil-structure interaction effects are not significant when the full model is subjected to the uniform earthquake excitations in the longitudinal direction. However,the pile-soil-structure interaction effects gradually decrease as the peak acceleration of the ground motion increases under transverse uniform earthquake excitations.(3) The higher order mode shapes of the tower make a significant contribution to its seismic response.(4) The seismic response of the dynamic interaction system of the pile-soil-cable-stayed bridge is obviously affected by the spectral characteristics of various earthquake waves. Especially, the vertical seismic response of the girder notably increases when it is subjected to the Mexico City waves with long period components.
The seismic response of long-span cable-stayed bridges with lower structural frequencies and damping may be significantly affected by the properties of the pile foundation and site soil. However, few experimental studies on the full model for long-span cable-stayed bridges including the pile foundation, site soil and superstructure are available because of the limitations of shaking table testing facilities and technology. A 1/70-scaled full model for a cable-stayed bridge, which includes the pile groups, artificial site soil and superstructure, is designed and constructed according to the trial designed long-span cable-stayed bridge with the main span of 1400 m. The shaking table tests on the full model are conducted to study the seismic response characteristics of the dynamic interaction system of the pile-soil-cable-stayed bridge under uniform earthquake excitations with various frequency components and shaking intensities in the separately longitudinal and transverse directions.The experimental results show that:(1) The pile-soil-structure interaction effects significantly affect the seismic response of the full model for the cable-stayed bridge, but the degree of the influence is closely related to the spectral characteristics of various earthquake waves.(2) The influences of the peak acceleration of the ground motions on the pile-soil-structure interaction effects are not significant when the full model is subjected to the uniform earthquake excitations in the longitudinal direction. However,the pile-soil-structure interaction effects gradually decrease as the peak acceleration of the ground motion increases under transverse uniform earthquake excitations.(3) The higher order mode shapes of the tower make a significant contribution to its seismic response.(4) The seismic response of the dynamic interaction system of the pile-soil-cable-stayed bridge is obviously affected by the spectral characteristics of various earthquake waves. Especially, the vertical seismic response of the girder notably increases when it is subjected to the Mexico City waves with long period components.
引文
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[16]王曙光,刘伟庆,徐秀丽,等.大跨连续梁桥纵向消能减震振动台模型试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(5):54-59.(WANG Shu-guang,LIU Wei-qing,XU Xiu-li,et al.Shaking table model test of long-span continuous girder bridge with longitudinal seismic energy dissipating[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(5):54-59.(in Chinese))
[17]LI J,YAN J,PENG T,et al.Shake table studies of seismic structural systems of a Taizhou Changjiang Highway Bridge Model[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2015,20(3):04014065.
[18]SHOJI G,KOGI T,UMESAKA Y.Seismic response of a PCcable-stayed bridge subjected to a long-period ground motion[C]//The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing,2008.
[19]王瑞龙,徐艳,李建中.一致激励下的混凝土斜拉桥振动台试验[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(3):357-363.(WANG Rui-long,XU Yan,LI Jian-zhong.Shake table test of a concrete cable-stayed bridge subjected to uniform seismic excitation[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2015,43(3):357-363.(in Chinese))
[20]WOOD S,ANAGNOS T,ARDUINO P,et al.Using NEES to investigate soil-foundation-structure interaction[C]//13th Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver BC,2004.
[21]闫晓宇,李忠献,李勇,等.考虑土-结构相互作用的多跨连续梁桥振动台阵试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(11):98-104.(YAN Xiao-yu,LI Zhong-xian,LI Yong,et al,Shake tables test on a long-span continuous girder bridge considering soil-structure interaction[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(11):98-104.(in Chinese))
[22]谢文,孙利民.采用振动台阵的超大跨斜拉桥大比例全模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2018,51(8):47-59,80.(XIE Wen,SUN Li-min.Experimental studies on a large-scaled full model of a super long-span cable-stayed bridge by using shaking table array system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2018,51(8):47-59,80.(in Chinese))
[23]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(7):781-785.(WU Xiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University,2002,30(7):781-785.(in Chinese))
[24]楼梦麟,宗刚,牛伟星,等.土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):226-230.(LOU Meng-lin,ZONG Gang,NIUWei-xing,et al.Shaking table model test of soil-steel structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):226-230.(in Chinese))
[2]NAGASAWA M,SUMI K,TASAKI K,et al.Seismic retrofit of the all-free type cable-stayed Higashi-Kobe bridge with new energy dissipation devices[C]//5th World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring.Tokyo,2010.
[3]周智杰.集鹿大橋震害評估與修復之研究[D].台北:台湾大学,2004.(ZHOU Zhi-jie.Evaluation and repaired on seismic damage of Chi-Lu bridge[D].Taipei:Taiwan University,2004.(in Chinese))
[4]MAKRIS N,TAZOH T,YUN X,et al.Prediction of the measured response of a scaled soil-pile-superstructure system[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,1997,16(2):113-124.
[5]韦晓,范立础,王君杰.考虑桩-土-桥梁结构相互作用振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(4):91-97.(WEI Xiao,FAN Li-chu,WANG Jun-jie.Shake table test on soil-pile-structure interaction[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(4):91-97.(in Chinese))
[6]CUBRINOVSKI M,KOKUSHO T,ISHIHARA K.Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2):275-286.
[7]唐亮,凌贤长,徐鹏举,等.可液化场地桥梁群桩基础地震响应振动台试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(5):672-680.(TANG Liang,LING Xian-zhang,XU Peng-ju,et al.Shaking table test on seismic response of pile groups of bridges in liquefiable groud[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(5):672-680.(in Chinese))
[8]WANG S C,LIU K Y,CHEN C H,et al.Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of scoured bridge pier with pile foundation[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2015,44(6):849-864.
[9]SU L,TANG L,LING X,et al.Pile response to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading:a shake-table investigation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2016,82:196-204.
[10]DURANTE M G,SARNO L D,MYLONAKIS G,et al.Soil-pile-structure interaction:experimental outcomes from shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2016,45(7):1041-1061.
[11]商宇,叶爱君,王晓伟,冲刷条件下的桩基桥梁振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2017,30(12):280-289.(SHANGYu,YE Ai-jun,WANG Xiao-wei,Shake table test of pile supported bridge under scour condition[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,30(12):280-289.(in Chinese)))
[12]JOHNSON N,RANF R,SAIID I,et al.Seismic testing of a two-span reinforced concrete bridge[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2008,13(2):173-182.
[13]房贞政,张超,陈永健,等.基于三台阵振动台的多塔斜拉桥试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增刊1):25-29.(FANG Zhen-zheng,ZHANG Chao,CHEN Yong-jian,et al.Research on the shaking table test of three towers cable-stayed bridge based on three shaking table system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):25-29.(in Chinese))
[14]闫晓宇,李忠献,韩强,等.多点激励下大跨度连续刚构桥地震响应振动台阵试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(7):81-89.(YAN Xiao-yu,LI Zhong-xian,HAN Qiang,et al.Shake tables test study on seismic response of a long-span rigid-framed bridge under multi-support excitations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(7):81-89.(in Chinese))
[15]ZONG Z H,ZHOU R,HUANG X Y,et al.Seismic response study on a multi-span cable-stayed bridge scale model under multi-support excitations part I:shaking table tests[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science A),2014,15(5):351-363.
[16]王曙光,刘伟庆,徐秀丽,等.大跨连续梁桥纵向消能减震振动台模型试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(5):54-59.(WANG Shu-guang,LIU Wei-qing,XU Xiu-li,et al.Shaking table model test of long-span continuous girder bridge with longitudinal seismic energy dissipating[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(5):54-59.(in Chinese))
[17]LI J,YAN J,PENG T,et al.Shake table studies of seismic structural systems of a Taizhou Changjiang Highway Bridge Model[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2015,20(3):04014065.
[18]SHOJI G,KOGI T,UMESAKA Y.Seismic response of a PCcable-stayed bridge subjected to a long-period ground motion[C]//The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Beijing,2008.
[19]王瑞龙,徐艳,李建中.一致激励下的混凝土斜拉桥振动台试验[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(3):357-363.(WANG Rui-long,XU Yan,LI Jian-zhong.Shake table test of a concrete cable-stayed bridge subjected to uniform seismic excitation[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2015,43(3):357-363.(in Chinese))
[20]WOOD S,ANAGNOS T,ARDUINO P,et al.Using NEES to investigate soil-foundation-structure interaction[C]//13th Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver BC,2004.
[21]闫晓宇,李忠献,李勇,等.考虑土-结构相互作用的多跨连续梁桥振动台阵试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(11):98-104.(YAN Xiao-yu,LI Zhong-xian,LI Yong,et al,Shake tables test on a long-span continuous girder bridge considering soil-structure interaction[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(11):98-104.(in Chinese))
[22]谢文,孙利民.采用振动台阵的超大跨斜拉桥大比例全模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2018,51(8):47-59,80.(XIE Wen,SUN Li-min.Experimental studies on a large-scaled full model of a super long-span cable-stayed bridge by using shaking table array system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2018,51(8):47-59,80.(in Chinese))
[23]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(7):781-785.(WU Xiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University,2002,30(7):781-785.(in Chinese))
[24]楼梦麟,宗刚,牛伟星,等.土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):226-230.(LOU Meng-lin,ZONG Gang,NIUWei-xing,et al.Shaking table model test of soil-steel structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):226-230.(in Chinese))