屋顶光伏发电与遮阳综合节能分析
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摘要
光伏组件附加于建筑屋顶在发电供能的同时也对屋顶热工性能产生一定影响。分析光伏屋顶热过程,对其物理模型进行简化,建立遮阳数学模型,分析遮阳对屋顶冷热负荷的影响,确定其遮阳增益特性,并搭建实验台进行验证;建立电性能模型,分析其供能增益特性;建立系统综合节能效率模型,分析遮阳发电综合节能特性。结果表明,相较于普通屋顶,附加光伏屋顶单位面积得热量和冷负荷均大幅度衰减,但热负荷有所增加,且峰值有一定延迟,平行架空和倾斜架空式附加光伏屋顶的日总负荷相对普通屋顶分别降低77.4%和69.4%,其系统综合节能效率分别为63.35%和62.73%。
Roof added PV module has a certain impact on building energy consumption not only because of electricity production,which is obviously the largest beneficial aspect,but also for the shading effect on thermal performance of roofs. In this paper,based on analyzing the thermal process of PV roof,simplified physical model and corresponding mathematical model of shading are established. Analyzing the influence of shading on the cooling and heating load through roof,the energy saving characteristics of shading is obtained. An experiment is carried out to verify the model.Furthermore,electricity production,according to the simulation results,is also be obtained. The comprehensive energy efficiency model of the system is put forward in order to analyze integrated contribution of shading and photovoltaic performance. The results indicate that compared with the conventional roof,the heat gain and cooling load of PV roof are greatly attenuated while the heating load is slightly increased,and the peak value is delayed. The daily load of the parallel overhead and inclined overhead PV roofs is reduced by 77.4% and 69.4%,respectively and its integrated energy efficiency is about 63.35% and 62.73%,respectively.
Roof added PV module has a certain impact on building energy consumption not only because of electricity production,which is obviously the largest beneficial aspect,but also for the shading effect on thermal performance of roofs. In this paper,based on analyzing the thermal process of PV roof,simplified physical model and corresponding mathematical model of shading are established. Analyzing the influence of shading on the cooling and heating load through roof,the energy saving characteristics of shading is obtained. An experiment is carried out to verify the model.Furthermore,electricity production,according to the simulation results,is also be obtained. The comprehensive energy efficiency model of the system is put forward in order to analyze integrated contribution of shading and photovoltaic performance. The results indicate that compared with the conventional roof,the heat gain and cooling load of PV roof are greatly attenuated while the heating load is slightly increased,and the peak value is delayed. The daily load of the parallel overhead and inclined overhead PV roofs is reduced by 77.4% and 69.4%,respectively and its integrated energy efficiency is about 63.35% and 62.73%,respectively.
引文
[1]Kapsalis V C,Vardoulakis E,Karamanis D. Simulation of the cooling effect of the roof-added photovoltaic panels[J]. Advances in Building Energy Research,2014,8(1):41—54.
[2]Kapsalis V,Karamanis D. On the effect of roof added photovoltaics on building’s energy demand[J]. Energy&Buildings,2015,169(8):1810—1823.
[3]Dominguez A,Kleissl J,Luvall J C. Effects of solar photovoltaic panels on roof heat transfer[J]. Solar Energy,2011,85(9):2244—2255.
[4]Wang Yiping,Tian Wei,Ren Jianbo,et al. Influence of a building’s integrated-photovoltaics on heating and cooling loads[J]. Applied Energy,2006,83(9):989—1003.
[5]Ji Jie,He Wei,Lam H N. The annual analysis of the power output and heat gain of a PV-wall with different integration mode in Hong Kong[J]. Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells,2002,71(4):435—448.
[6]Davis M W,Fanney A H,Dougherty B P. Prediction of building integrated photovoltaic cell temperatures[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2001,123(3):200—210.
[7]Davis M W,Fanney A H,Dougherty B P. Measured versus predicted performance of building integrated photovoltaics[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2003,125(1):173—180.
[8]Stein J S, Klise G T. Models used to assess the performance of photovoltaic systems[J/OL]. hppt://www.Prod.sandia.gov,2009.
[9]TRNSYS document handbook(Vers. 16.1)[M]. Solar Energy Laboratory,University of Wisconsin,Madison,2006.
[10]Duffie J A, Beckman W A, Mcgowan J. Solar engineering of thermal processes[M]. New York:Wiley,1980.
[11]Chen Tingyao, Yu Zhun. A statistical method for selection of sequences of coincident weather parameters for design cooling load calculations[J]. Energy Conversion&Management,2009,50(3):813—821.
[12]Spitler J D. Overview of the radiant time series method[M]. ASHRAE,1890.
[13]Iu Ip Seng. Experimental validation of the radiant time series method for cooling load calculations[D]. Macau:Bachelor of Science University of Macau,1999.
[14]刘晓华,江亿.温湿度独立控制空调系统[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.[14]Liu Xiaohua, Jiang Yi. Temperature and humidity independent control of air-conditioning systems[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.
[2]Kapsalis V,Karamanis D. On the effect of roof added photovoltaics on building’s energy demand[J]. Energy&Buildings,2015,169(8):1810—1823.
[3]Dominguez A,Kleissl J,Luvall J C. Effects of solar photovoltaic panels on roof heat transfer[J]. Solar Energy,2011,85(9):2244—2255.
[4]Wang Yiping,Tian Wei,Ren Jianbo,et al. Influence of a building’s integrated-photovoltaics on heating and cooling loads[J]. Applied Energy,2006,83(9):989—1003.
[5]Ji Jie,He Wei,Lam H N. The annual analysis of the power output and heat gain of a PV-wall with different integration mode in Hong Kong[J]. Solar Energy Materials&Solar Cells,2002,71(4):435—448.
[6]Davis M W,Fanney A H,Dougherty B P. Prediction of building integrated photovoltaic cell temperatures[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2001,123(3):200—210.
[7]Davis M W,Fanney A H,Dougherty B P. Measured versus predicted performance of building integrated photovoltaics[J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2003,125(1):173—180.
[8]Stein J S, Klise G T. Models used to assess the performance of photovoltaic systems[J/OL]. hppt://www.Prod.sandia.gov,2009.
[9]TRNSYS document handbook(Vers. 16.1)[M]. Solar Energy Laboratory,University of Wisconsin,Madison,2006.
[10]Duffie J A, Beckman W A, Mcgowan J. Solar engineering of thermal processes[M]. New York:Wiley,1980.
[11]Chen Tingyao, Yu Zhun. A statistical method for selection of sequences of coincident weather parameters for design cooling load calculations[J]. Energy Conversion&Management,2009,50(3):813—821.
[12]Spitler J D. Overview of the radiant time series method[M]. ASHRAE,1890.
[13]Iu Ip Seng. Experimental validation of the radiant time series method for cooling load calculations[D]. Macau:Bachelor of Science University of Macau,1999.
[14]刘晓华,江亿.温湿度独立控制空调系统[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.[14]Liu Xiaohua, Jiang Yi. Temperature and humidity independent control of air-conditioning systems[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.