黄土高原种植不同人工牧草对土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究黄土高原人工种植牧草土壤酶活性的变化,为提高黄土高原人工植被的稳定性和土壤肥力提升等相关研究提供科学依据。[方法]以种植3 a的冷地早熟禾、垂穗披碱草、猫尾草、陆地中间偃麦草、紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、红豆草等牧草地为研究对象。分别在3,6,9,12月的0—5 cm和5—10 cm土层取土壤样品,测定的脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性变化。[结果]脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性在0—5 cm土层显著高于5—10 cm土层,但土壤过氧化氢酶活性在这两个土层之间差异不显著。在6月土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性高于3月、9月和12月,但过氧化氢酶的活性差异不显著。7种人工种植的牧草中紫花苜蓿的土壤酶活性表现较高,而种植沙打旺的土壤酶活性较低。土层深度和季节的交互作用对4种土壤酶活性产生极显著影响(p<0.01),牧草品种和季节对脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的具有显著的交互作用。[结论]黄土高原人工牧草地土壤酶活性呈现季节性变化,且种植人工牧草能够有效提高土壤酶活性而改善土壤肥力条件。
[Objective] The soil enzyme activities in different artificial forage in the Loess Plateau was researched in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the stability of artificial vegetation and soil fertility on the Loess forage. [Methods] Seven grasslands planted 3 years including Poa crymophila, Elymus nutans, Uraria crinite, Elytrigia intermedia, Medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens, Onobrychis viciaefolia, were selected as the research objects. Soil samples were taken from 0—5 cm and 5—10 cm soil layers in March, June, September and December, to investigate the activity of urease, sucrose enzyme, alkaline phosphatase and catalase. [Results] The activity of urease, sucrose enzyme, alkaline phosphatase in 0—5 cm layer was higher than that in 5—10 cm layer, but there was no significant difference in the activities of catalase between the two soil layers. The activity of urease, sucrose enzyme, and alkaline phosphatase in June was higher than that in March, September and December, but the activity of catalase was not significant different. The activity of soil enzyme in M. sativa was the highest, while the lowest in A. adsurgens. The interaction of soil depth and season had a significant effect on the activities of four enzymes(p<0.01). Herbage variety and season showed significant interaction on the activity of the urease, sucrose enzyme and phosphatase. [Conclusion] The soil enzyme activities of different grasslands in the Loess Plateau changed seasonally, and planting artificial forage could effectively improve soil enzyme activities and soil fertility conditions.
[Objective] The soil enzyme activities in different artificial forage in the Loess Plateau was researched in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the stability of artificial vegetation and soil fertility on the Loess forage. [Methods] Seven grasslands planted 3 years including Poa crymophila, Elymus nutans, Uraria crinite, Elytrigia intermedia, Medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens, Onobrychis viciaefolia, were selected as the research objects. Soil samples were taken from 0—5 cm and 5—10 cm soil layers in March, June, September and December, to investigate the activity of urease, sucrose enzyme, alkaline phosphatase and catalase. [Results] The activity of urease, sucrose enzyme, alkaline phosphatase in 0—5 cm layer was higher than that in 5—10 cm layer, but there was no significant difference in the activities of catalase between the two soil layers. The activity of urease, sucrose enzyme, and alkaline phosphatase in June was higher than that in March, September and December, but the activity of catalase was not significant different. The activity of soil enzyme in M. sativa was the highest, while the lowest in A. adsurgens. The interaction of soil depth and season had a significant effect on the activities of four enzymes(p<0.01). Herbage variety and season showed significant interaction on the activity of the urease, sucrose enzyme and phosphatase. [Conclusion] The soil enzyme activities of different grasslands in the Loess Plateau changed seasonally, and planting artificial forage could effectively improve soil enzyme activities and soil fertility conditions.
引文
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[14] 王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261.
[15] 杨恒山,张庆国,刘晶,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿根系及其土壤微生物的分布[J].草业科学,2007,24(11):38-41.
[16] 吴旭东,张晓娟,谢应忠,等.不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤有机碳及土壤酶活性垂直分布特征[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):245-251.
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[21] 庞荔丹,婷婷,张宇飞,等.玉米秸秆配氮还田对土壤酶活性、微生物量碳含量及土壤呼吸量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(1):107-112.
[22] 张莉,王长庭,刘伟,等.不同建植期人工草地优势种植物根系活力、群落特征及其土壤环境的关系[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):185-194.
[23] Xin Zexin,Liu Jun,Shi Xiaorong,et al.Effects of Biochar on Soil Enzyme Activity and Mechanism of Action[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2016,17(9):2085-2089.
[24] 刘学东,陈林,杨新国,等.荒漠草原典型植物群落土壤活性有机碳组分特征及其与酶活性的关系[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(9):1882-1890.
[25] 王艮梅,罗琳琳,郑聚锋.苏北不同代次和林龄杨树人工林土壤酶活性季节变化特征[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(4):45-50.
[26] 曹铨,沈禹颖,王自奎,等.生草对果园土壤理化性状的影响研究进展[J].草业学报,2016,25(8):180-188.
[27] 徐凌飞,韩清芳,吴中营,等.清耕和生草梨园土壤酶活性的空间变化[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4977-4982.
[28] 邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤酶活性及分布[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):76-78.
[29] 南丽丽,郭全恩,向华,等.甘肃省盐碱草地主要植物群落土壤酶活性研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):311-315.
[30] 鲁萍,郭继勋,朱丽.东北羊草草原主要植物群落土壤过氧化氢酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):675-679.
[2] 袁晓波,尚振艳,牛得草,等.黄土高原生态退化与恢复[J].草业科学,2015,32(3):363-371.
[3] 王盛萍,张志强,张化永,等.黄土高原防护林建设的恢复生态学与生态水文学基础[J].生态学报,2010,30(9):2475-2483.
[4] 邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[5] 刘善江,夏雪,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[6] Yang Lijuan,Zhang Yulong,Li Fusheng.Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Fertility Dynamics[M].Advances in Citrus Nutrition.Springer Netherlands,2012.
[7] Yang Kai,Zhu Jiaojun,Yan Qiaoling,et al.Soil enzyme activities as potential indicators of soluble organic nitrogen pools in forest ecosystems of Northeast China[J].Annals of Forest Science,2012,69(7):795-803.
[8] Zeglin L H,Stursova M,Sinsabaugh R L,et al.Microbial responses to nitrogen addition in three contrasting grassland ecosystems[J].Oecologia,2007,154(2):349-359.
[9] 向泽宇,王长庭,宋文彪,等.草地生态系统土壤酶活性研究进展[J].草业科学,2011,28(10):1801-1806.
[10] 王理德,王方琳,郭春秀,等壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤学报,2016,48(1):12-21.
[11] 魏小星.青海湖东沙化治理过程中土壤酶活性及养分含量特征[J].草业科学,2017,34(7):1408-1418.
[12] 欧阳克蕙,王堃.人工草地植被重建对退化红壤化学性质和酶活性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2007,29(3):474-478.
[13] 阿的鲁骥,何兵,王长庭,等.入侵植物土荆芥对川西北高寒草甸3种培育牧草根际土壤酶活性、微生物数量及土壤养分的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):815-821.
[14] 王理德,姚拓,何芳兰,等.石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):253-261.
[15] 杨恒山,张庆国,刘晶,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿根系及其土壤微生物的分布[J].草业科学,2007,24(11):38-41.
[16] 吴旭东,张晓娟,谢应忠,等.不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤有机碳及土壤酶活性垂直分布特征[J].草业学报,2013,22(1):245-251.
[17] 韩国君,田福平,何明珠,等.黄土高原长期种植紫花苜蓿对土壤酶活性的影响[J].许昌学院学报,2016,35(5):110-114.
[18] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[19] Zhang Yongmei,Wu Ning,Zhou Guoyi,et al.Changes in enzyme activities of spruce (Piceabal fouriana)forest soil as related to burning in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet an Plateau[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2005,30(3):215-225.
[20] 陈娟,马忠明,刘莉莉,等.不同耕作方式对土壤有机碳、微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):667-675.
[21] 庞荔丹,婷婷,张宇飞,等.玉米秸秆配氮还田对土壤酶活性、微生物量碳含量及土壤呼吸量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(1):107-112.
[22] 张莉,王长庭,刘伟,等.不同建植期人工草地优势种植物根系活力、群落特征及其土壤环境的关系[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):185-194.
[23] Xin Zexin,Liu Jun,Shi Xiaorong,et al.Effects of Biochar on Soil Enzyme Activity and Mechanism of Action[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2016,17(9):2085-2089.
[24] 刘学东,陈林,杨新国,等.荒漠草原典型植物群落土壤活性有机碳组分特征及其与酶活性的关系[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(9):1882-1890.
[25] 王艮梅,罗琳琳,郑聚锋.苏北不同代次和林龄杨树人工林土壤酶活性季节变化特征[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(4):45-50.
[26] 曹铨,沈禹颖,王自奎,等.生草对果园土壤理化性状的影响研究进展[J].草业学报,2016,25(8):180-188.
[27] 徐凌飞,韩清芳,吴中营,等.清耕和生草梨园土壤酶活性的空间变化[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4977-4982.
[28] 邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.不同生长年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤酶活性及分布[J].草业科学,2008,25(4):76-78.
[29] 南丽丽,郭全恩,向华,等.甘肃省盐碱草地主要植物群落土壤酶活性研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):311-315.
[30] 鲁萍,郭继勋,朱丽.东北羊草草原主要植物群落土壤过氧化氢酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):675-679.