种植密度对科尔沁沙地饲用燕麦产量和品质的影响
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摘要
通过对不同种植密度条件下燕麦株高、根、茎、叶、穗生物量测定,计算根冠比、茎叶比、根系贡献率、茎秆贡献率、叶片贡献率、穗贡献率等相关指标,探讨种植密度对沙地燕麦株高、生物量和物质分配规律的影响,为科尔沁沙地燕麦合理种植密度的确定提供参考。结果表明:燕麦株高随着种植密度增加呈现逐渐增加的变化趋势,450万株·hm~(-2)条件下株高最高,其值为92.06cm;地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量均随密度增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,最高值均出现在350万株·hm~(-2)条件下,分别为2 277.32g·m~(-2),578.47g·m~(-2),3 022.46g·m~(-2);300万株·hm~(-2)条件下根冠比和茎叶比均高于其他密度条件下,其中密度处理之间茎叶比差异不显著,300万株·hm~(-2)条件下根冠比显著高于其它密度处理;叶片贡献率和茎秆贡献率各密度处理之间没有显著差异,300万株·hm~(-2)条件下根系贡献率显著高于400万株·hm~(-2),根茎叶中可溶性糖、淀粉含量在350万株·hm~(-2)条件下达到最大值,叶片中粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量随密度增加呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,最大值分别为16.02%,5.66%。因此,综合考虑,以饲用为主要目的建议科尔沁沙地燕麦种植密度350万株·hm~(-2)。
The root/shoot ratio,stem/leaf ratio,root contribution rate,stem contribution rate,leaf contribution rate and panicle contribution rate of oat under different planting densities were measured and calculated to explore the effects of planting density on plant height,biomass and material distribution of oat in Horqin sandy land,which provided a reference for the determination of reasonable planting density of oat in Horqin sandy land.The results showed that the plant height of oat increased gradually with the increase of planting density.Under the condition of 4.5 million·hm~(-2),the plant height was the highest,92.06 cm;above ground biomass,the underground biomass and total biomass increased with the increase of density.The highest values occurred under the condition of 3.5 million·hm~(-2) strains and were 2 277.32 g·m~(-2),578.47 g·m~(-2) and 3 022.46 g·m~(-2),respectively.The root-to-shoot ratio and stem-leaf ratio of 3 million·hm~(-2) plants were higher than other density treatments.There was no significant difference in stem-to-leaf ratio between the density treatments,and the root-shoot ratio of 3 million·hm~(-2) plants was significantly higher than other density treatments.There was no significant difference in leaf contribution rate and culm contribution rate among the density treatments,but the root contribution rate under the condition of 3 million·hm~(-2) plants was significantly greater.The content of soluble sugar and starch in roots,stems and leaves reached the maximum under the condition of 3.5 million·hm~(-2),and the content of crude fat and crude protein in leaves decreased gradually with the increase of density.The maximum values were 16.02%and 5.66%respectively.Therefore,it is suggested that the planting density of oat in Horqin Sandy Land should be 3.5 millon·hm~(-2).
The root/shoot ratio,stem/leaf ratio,root contribution rate,stem contribution rate,leaf contribution rate and panicle contribution rate of oat under different planting densities were measured and calculated to explore the effects of planting density on plant height,biomass and material distribution of oat in Horqin sandy land,which provided a reference for the determination of reasonable planting density of oat in Horqin sandy land.The results showed that the plant height of oat increased gradually with the increase of planting density.Under the condition of 4.5 million·hm~(-2),the plant height was the highest,92.06 cm;above ground biomass,the underground biomass and total biomass increased with the increase of density.The highest values occurred under the condition of 3.5 million·hm~(-2) strains and were 2 277.32 g·m~(-2),578.47 g·m~(-2) and 3 022.46 g·m~(-2),respectively.The root-to-shoot ratio and stem-leaf ratio of 3 million·hm~(-2) plants were higher than other density treatments.There was no significant difference in stem-to-leaf ratio between the density treatments,and the root-shoot ratio of 3 million·hm~(-2) plants was significantly higher than other density treatments.There was no significant difference in leaf contribution rate and culm contribution rate among the density treatments,but the root contribution rate under the condition of 3 million·hm~(-2) plants was significantly greater.The content of soluble sugar and starch in roots,stems and leaves reached the maximum under the condition of 3.5 million·hm~(-2),and the content of crude fat and crude protein in leaves decreased gradually with the increase of density.The maximum values were 16.02%and 5.66%respectively.Therefore,it is suggested that the planting density of oat in Horqin Sandy Land should be 3.5 millon·hm~(-2).
引文
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[24]才让吉,王巧玲,王贵珍,等.不同播量、氮磷肥互作对高寒牧区燕麦产量和品质的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,9(5):30-33
[25]赵宏魁,马真,张春辉,等.种植密度和施氮水平对燕麦生物量分配的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):249-258
[26]高凯,朱铁霞,乌日娜,等.菊芋物质分配格局对密度制约的响应[J].草地学报,2014,22(05):1127-1130
[27]Niu K C,Choler P,Zhao B B,et al.The allometry of reproductive biomass in response to land use in Tibetan alpine grasslands[J].Functional Ecology,2009,23:274-283
[28]王军邦,王政权,胡秉民,等.不同栽植方式下紫椴幼苗生物量分配及资源利用分析[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(6):677-683
[29]Cusicanqui J A,Lauer J G.Plant density and hybrid influence on corn forage yield and quality[J].Agronomy Journal,1999,91(6):911-915
[30]何振富,贺春贵,王国栋,等.种植密度对光敏型高丹草营养成分及动态变化的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(10):93-104
[31]路海东,薛吉全,郝引川,等.密度对不同类型青贮玉米饲用量及营养价值的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(4):865-870
[2]段君君,刘青峰,任春元,等.不同栽培模式与密度对芸豆产量及干物质积累的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(06):110-115
[3]吴福忠,武高林,杜国祯.植物种子大小与幼苗生长策略研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2008(01):191-197
[4]王军邦,王政权,胡秉民,等.不同栽植方式下紫椴幼苗生物量分配及资源利用分析[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(6):677-683
[5]王莹,段学义,张昌胜,等.紫花苜蓿播种密度对草产量及其他生物学性状的影响[J].草业科学,2011,28(7):1400-1402
[6]Keddy P,Fraser L H,Wisheu I C.A comparative approach to examine competitive response of 48wetland plant species[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1998(9):777-786
[7]乔有明.不同播种密度对燕麦几个数量性状的影响[J].草业科学,2002(01):31-32
[8]黄相国,葛菊梅.燕麦的营养成分与保健价值探讨[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(4):147-149
[9]梁国玲,秦燕,魏小星,等.青藏高原高寒区I-D燕麦品系饲草生产性能及品质评价[J].草地学报,2018,26(04):917-927
[10]高阳,赵立兴,高凯,等.施氮量对科尔沁沙地燕麦生物量及物质分配规律的影响[J].草地学报,2018,26(5):1168-1172
[11]高明文,吕林有,张彩枝,乌英嘎.科尔沁沙地燕麦草引种实验研究[J].草原与草业,2015,27(01):52-54
[12]屈会娟,李金才,沈学善,等.播种密度对冬小麦不同穗位与粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1875-1883
[13]雷占兰,周华坤,刘泽华,等.密度氮肥交互处理下高寒地区燕麦的生长特性与生殖分配[J].草业科学,2014,31(6):1110-1119
[14]魏巍,拉巴,杨文才,等.氮、磷肥配施对青引1号燕麦产量和品质的影响[J].作物杂志,2016(01):120-124
[15]国家饲料质量监督检验中心(北京).GB/T6432-1994.饲料粗蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:1-10
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].第2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:33-35
[17]国家饲料质量监督检验中心(北京).GB/T6433-2006.饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006:1-10
[18]黎磊,周道玮,盛连喜.密度制约决定的植物生物量分配格局[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1579-1589
[19]Japhet W,Zhou D W,Zhang H X.Evidence of phenotypic plasticity in the response of Fagopyrum esculentum to population density and sowing date[J].Journal of Plant Biology,2009,52:303-311
[20]李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):662-666
[21]杨允菲,张宝田.松嫩平原碱化草甸天然虎尾草种群密度制约特征的研究[J].生态学报,1992,12(3):266-272
[22]单雪华,郭维,向鹏华,等.不同施氮量与种植密度对烤烟产质量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2018(22):12-13
[23]闫树平,王光禄,王怀恩,等.播期播量对聊麦18主要性状的影响[J].农业科技通讯,2014(6):38-41
[24]才让吉,王巧玲,王贵珍,等.不同播量、氮磷肥互作对高寒牧区燕麦产量和品质的影响[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,9(5):30-33
[25]赵宏魁,马真,张春辉,等.种植密度和施氮水平对燕麦生物量分配的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):249-258
[26]高凯,朱铁霞,乌日娜,等.菊芋物质分配格局对密度制约的响应[J].草地学报,2014,22(05):1127-1130
[27]Niu K C,Choler P,Zhao B B,et al.The allometry of reproductive biomass in response to land use in Tibetan alpine grasslands[J].Functional Ecology,2009,23:274-283
[28]王军邦,王政权,胡秉民,等.不同栽植方式下紫椴幼苗生物量分配及资源利用分析[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(6):677-683
[29]Cusicanqui J A,Lauer J G.Plant density and hybrid influence on corn forage yield and quality[J].Agronomy Journal,1999,91(6):911-915
[30]何振富,贺春贵,王国栋,等.种植密度对光敏型高丹草营养成分及动态变化的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(10):93-104
[31]路海东,薛吉全,郝引川,等.密度对不同类型青贮玉米饲用量及营养价值的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(4):865-870