交往行为视角下斯诺小说《新人》中的“两种文化”
|
摘要
英国小说家C.P.斯诺以"两种文化"演讲及其争论而闻名,他的小说《新人》既反映了"两种文化"的对立与不解,又与演讲中的唯科学主义论调相悖。以哈贝马斯的科技批判和交往行为理论来分析《新人》,主人公科学"新人"马丁从一心投入原子弹的研发并追求权力,到在科技理性和道德的博弈中作出抉择,最终放弃原子弹的研发工作和巴福特基地的领导职位,并与人文学者兄长刘易斯达成和解,其生活世界从被系统殖民化到还原通过兄弟俩"正当而真诚"的交往行为来实现,可见人文精神在科技与意识形态相结合可能带来严重后果的现代社会中的重要作用。
The British novelist C.P.Snow is well known for the "two cultures"controversy,and from a close and objective scrutiny,it is found that his novel The New Men both reflects the contradiction as well as inaccessibility of the "two cultures",and at the same time contradicts with the "scientism"in his lecture.Based on the critique of instrumental reason and the theory of communicative action by Jurgen Habermas,it can be seen that Martin,the scientist hero of The New Men,first devoted himself to the creation of the atom bomb and the pursuit of power,then hesitated between scientific and technological reason and morality,and finally renounced the creation of the atom bomb and the power of Barford,reconciling with his humanist brother Lewis.The colonization and resumption of the lifeworld are realized through"fair and sincere"communication of the brothers,from which the important function of humanistic spirit can be seen in the modern world,where the combination of science,technology and ideology might yield severe consequences.
The British novelist C.P.Snow is well known for the "two cultures"controversy,and from a close and objective scrutiny,it is found that his novel The New Men both reflects the contradiction as well as inaccessibility of the "two cultures",and at the same time contradicts with the "scientism"in his lecture.Based on the critique of instrumental reason and the theory of communicative action by Jurgen Habermas,it can be seen that Martin,the scientist hero of The New Men,first devoted himself to the creation of the atom bomb and the pursuit of power,then hesitated between scientific and technological reason and morality,and finally renounced the creation of the atom bomb and the power of Barford,reconciling with his humanist brother Lewis.The colonization and resumption of the lifeworld are realized through"fair and sincere"communication of the brothers,from which the important function of humanistic spirit can be seen in the modern world,where the combination of science,technology and ideology might yield severe consequences.
引文
[1]查·珀·斯诺.探索[M].吴信强,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1983:Ⅱ.
[2]斯诺C P.新人[M].程雨民,译.太原:山西人民出版社,1984.
[3]David S.C.P.Snow[M].Boston:Twayne Publishers,1975:1.
[4]Snow C.The Two Cultures[M].Cambridge:Cambridge Uuiversity Press,1998:4.
[5]Snow C.The Search[M].New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,1934:1-2.
[6]斯诺C P.两种文化[M].陈克艰,秦小虎,译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003:21.
[7]Leavis F.Two Cultures?The Significance of C.P.Snow[M].London:Chatto&Windus,1962:31.
[8]曹莉.“两种文化?C.P.斯诺的意义”:回顾与思辩[J].杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(6):53.
[9]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.作为“意识形态”的技术与科学[M].李黎,郭官义,译.上海:学林出版社,1999.
[10]埃德加·莫兰.复杂思想:自觉的科学[M].陈一壮,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2001:95.
[11]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.交往行为理论(第一卷)---行为合理性与社会合理化[M].曹卫东,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2004.
[12]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.现代性的地平线[M].李安东,段怀清,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1997:59.
[13]章国峰.关于一个公正世界的“乌托邦”构想---解读哈贝马斯《交往行为理论》[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2001:17.
[14]Habermas J.The Theory of Communicative Action(Vol.2)-Lifeworld and System:A Critique of Functionalist Reason[M].tra.McCarthy T.Boston:Beacon Press,1987.
[15]陆建德.从C.P.斯诺的《新人》看“两种文化”[J].外国文学,1996(3):62.
[2]斯诺C P.新人[M].程雨民,译.太原:山西人民出版社,1984.
[3]David S.C.P.Snow[M].Boston:Twayne Publishers,1975:1.
[4]Snow C.The Two Cultures[M].Cambridge:Cambridge Uuiversity Press,1998:4.
[5]Snow C.The Search[M].New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,1934:1-2.
[6]斯诺C P.两种文化[M].陈克艰,秦小虎,译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003:21.
[7]Leavis F.Two Cultures?The Significance of C.P.Snow[M].London:Chatto&Windus,1962:31.
[8]曹莉.“两种文化?C.P.斯诺的意义”:回顾与思辩[J].杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(6):53.
[9]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.作为“意识形态”的技术与科学[M].李黎,郭官义,译.上海:学林出版社,1999.
[10]埃德加·莫兰.复杂思想:自觉的科学[M].陈一壮,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2001:95.
[11]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.交往行为理论(第一卷)---行为合理性与社会合理化[M].曹卫东,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2004.
[12]尤尔根·哈贝马斯.现代性的地平线[M].李安东,段怀清,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1997:59.
[13]章国峰.关于一个公正世界的“乌托邦”构想---解读哈贝马斯《交往行为理论》[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2001:17.
[14]Habermas J.The Theory of Communicative Action(Vol.2)-Lifeworld and System:A Critique of Functionalist Reason[M].tra.McCarthy T.Boston:Beacon Press,1987.
[15]陆建德.从C.P.斯诺的《新人》看“两种文化”[J].外国文学,1996(3):62.