褶曲构造内陷落柱形成机理及巷道支护技术
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摘要
为了确保长平煤矿43211、43212巷安全快速地通过陷落柱,同时保证后期回采过程中工作面通过破碎带巷道围岩的稳定,在分析矿井褶曲构造内陷落柱的形成机理、数值仿真原始应力状态的基础上,提出了前期须锚网带与架棚主被动联合支护、中期须注浆加固围岩、后期巩固围岩强度的支护措施。研究结果表明:溶洞形成后,原岩应力发生变化,由于不同层位的岩层受张力与挤压力作用,背斜构造陷落柱截面呈正楔形,而向斜构造中陷落柱形状则反之;正楔形陷落柱在正常岩层边界产生局部应力集中,柱体内垂直应力整体呈低应力状态,柱体内水平应力小于正常岩层应力;现场初期支护使用主被动联合支护措施作用于应力集中带,中期取合理注浆滞后时间20 d,采取深部、浅部混合注浆模式,后期为了防止外载荷的扰动进一步巩固围岩强度,采用架棚支护提高柱体影响带强度,矿压监测围岩状态稳定。
To guarantee the roadways of No.43211 and No.43212 of Changping Coal Mine pass through the collapsed pillars safely and quickly and the stability of the roadway surrounding rock in the broken zone in the following mining process,the formation mechanism of the subsidence column in the fold structure in the mine and numerical simulation of the original stress state are regarded as the theoretical basement. The authors proposed the reinforcement measures including the pre-anchor net,the shed passive joint support,reinforcing surrounding rock by medium-term grouting and later-stage strength of surrounding rock. The results show that the original rock stress changes after the formation of karst cave. Because of different layers of rock under tension and pressure anticline collapse column section shows the positive wedge geometry. While the syncline collapse column is adverse,local stress concentration occurs at the boundary of normal rock strata for a wedge-shaped subsidence column,and overallthe vertical stress in the column is low. The horizontal stress in the column is less than that in the normal rock strata. The combined support measures are used to act on the stress concentration zone in the initial stage in the field. In the middle stage,reasonable grouting lag time is 20 days. The deep and shallow mixed grouting mode is adopted. In the later stage,to prevent disturbance of external load and further consolidate the strength of surrounding rock,roof support is used to enhance the strength of column fracture zones. Monitoring results of the field stress showed that the surrounding rock is stable.
To guarantee the roadways of No.43211 and No.43212 of Changping Coal Mine pass through the collapsed pillars safely and quickly and the stability of the roadway surrounding rock in the broken zone in the following mining process,the formation mechanism of the subsidence column in the fold structure in the mine and numerical simulation of the original stress state are regarded as the theoretical basement. The authors proposed the reinforcement measures including the pre-anchor net,the shed passive joint support,reinforcing surrounding rock by medium-term grouting and later-stage strength of surrounding rock. The results show that the original rock stress changes after the formation of karst cave. Because of different layers of rock under tension and pressure anticline collapse column section shows the positive wedge geometry. While the syncline collapse column is adverse,local stress concentration occurs at the boundary of normal rock strata for a wedge-shaped subsidence column,and overallthe vertical stress in the column is low. The horizontal stress in the column is less than that in the normal rock strata. The combined support measures are used to act on the stress concentration zone in the initial stage in the field. In the middle stage,reasonable grouting lag time is 20 days. The deep and shallow mixed grouting mode is adopted. In the later stage,to prevent disturbance of external load and further consolidate the strength of surrounding rock,roof support is used to enhance the strength of column fracture zones. Monitoring results of the field stress showed that the surrounding rock is stable.
引文
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[5]姚邦华,茅献彪,魏建平,等.考虑颗粒迁移的陷落柱流固耦合动力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):30-35.YAO Banghua,MAO Xianbiao,WEI Jianping,et al. Study on hydrodynamic coupling model of collapse column considering particle migration[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):30-35.
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[8]乔卫国,乌格梁尼采A B,彼尔绅B B.巷道注浆加固合理滞后时间的确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(S1):2409-2411.QIAO Weiguo,OUGLIANITSA A B,PERCHINE B B. Determination of reasonable lag time for grouting reinforcement in roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S1):2409-2411.
[9]常聚才,谢广祥.深井巷道围岩滞后注浆加固的合理时间[J].黑龙江科技大学学报,2011,21(5):373-376.CHANG Jucai,XIE Guangxiang. Reasonable time for lagging grouting reinforcement of deep roadway[J]. Journal of Heilon-gjiang University of Science and Technology,2011,21(5):373-376.
[10]王连国,陆银龙,黄耀光,等.深部软岩巷道深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):11-18.WANG Lianguo,LU Yinlong,HUANG Yaoguang,et al. Study on deep-shallow coupled full-section bolting and grouting support in deep soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(1):11-18.
[11]张海洋.云驾岭矿深部回采巷道围岩稳定性评价及支护技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.
[12]王卫军,侯朝炯.软岩巷道支护参数优化与工程实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):647-650.WANG Weijun,HOU Chaojiong. Support parameter optimization and engineering practice of soft rock roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):647-650.
[13]李建民,娄玉民.软岩支护技术在特殊硐室中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(12):3-5.LI Jianmin,LOU Yumin. Application of soft rock support technology in special chamber[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(12):3-5.
[14]左建平,孙运江,李楷,等.陷落柱影响区软岩巷道加固段长度及其底鼓控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,30(1):18-26.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,LI Kai,et al. Study on reinforcement length and bottom drum control of soft rock roadway in affected area of collapse column[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2017,30(1):18-26.
[15]宋卫华,史苗壮,赵春阳,等.大断面矩形巷道采动条件下过断层组破碎带研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):117-124.SONG Weihua,SHI Miaozhuang,ZHAO Chunyang,et al.Study on fracture zone of cross fault group in large section rectangular roadway undermining conditions[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):117-124.
[2]张茂林,尹尚先.华北型煤田陷落柱形成过程研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):26-29.ZHANG Maolin,YIN Shangxian. Study on formation process of collapse column in north china coal field[J]. Coal Geology and Exploration,2007,35(6):26-29.
[3]张村,屠世浩,白庆升,等.陷落柱周边应力变化及推采控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):974-980.ZHANG Cun,TU Shihao,BAI Qingsheng,et al. Study on stress variation and push control of surrounding column[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):974-980.
[4]付力伟.陷落柱破碎带中巷道围岩控制技术研究[J].煤矿现代化,2016(5):40-42.FU Liwei.Study on the control technology of roadway surrounding rock in collapse column fractured zone[J]. Modernization of Coal Mine,2016(5):40-42.
[5]姚邦华,茅献彪,魏建平,等.考虑颗粒迁移的陷落柱流固耦合动力学模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):30-35.YAO Banghua,MAO Xianbiao,WEI Jianping,et al. Study on hydrodynamic coupling model of collapse column considering particle migration[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):30-35.
[6]许进鹏,梁开武,徐新启.陷落柱形成的力学机理及数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):82-86.XU Jinpeng,LIANG Kaiwu,XU Xinqi. Study on mechanical mechanism and numerical simulation of formation of falling columns[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):82-86.
[7]陆银龙,王连国,张蓓,等.软岩巷道锚注支护时机优化研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):119-125.LU Yinlong,WANG Lianguo,ZHANG Bei,et al. Study on optimization of bolt and grouting support in soft rock roadway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):119-125.
[8]乔卫国,乌格梁尼采A B,彼尔绅B B.巷道注浆加固合理滞后时间的确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(S1):2409-2411.QIAO Weiguo,OUGLIANITSA A B,PERCHINE B B. Determination of reasonable lag time for grouting reinforcement in roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S1):2409-2411.
[9]常聚才,谢广祥.深井巷道围岩滞后注浆加固的合理时间[J].黑龙江科技大学学报,2011,21(5):373-376.CHANG Jucai,XIE Guangxiang. Reasonable time for lagging grouting reinforcement of deep roadway[J]. Journal of Heilon-gjiang University of Science and Technology,2011,21(5):373-376.
[10]王连国,陆银龙,黄耀光,等.深部软岩巷道深-浅耦合全断面锚注支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):11-18.WANG Lianguo,LU Yinlong,HUANG Yaoguang,et al. Study on deep-shallow coupled full-section bolting and grouting support in deep soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(1):11-18.
[11]张海洋.云驾岭矿深部回采巷道围岩稳定性评价及支护技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.
[12]王卫军,侯朝炯.软岩巷道支护参数优化与工程实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):647-650.WANG Weijun,HOU Chaojiong. Support parameter optimization and engineering practice of soft rock roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):647-650.
[13]李建民,娄玉民.软岩支护技术在特殊硐室中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(12):3-5.LI Jianmin,LOU Yumin. Application of soft rock support technology in special chamber[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(12):3-5.
[14]左建平,孙运江,李楷,等.陷落柱影响区软岩巷道加固段长度及其底鼓控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,30(1):18-26.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,LI Kai,et al. Study on reinforcement length and bottom drum control of soft rock roadway in affected area of collapse column[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2017,30(1):18-26.
[15]宋卫华,史苗壮,赵春阳,等.大断面矩形巷道采动条件下过断层组破碎带研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):117-124.SONG Weihua,SHI Miaozhuang,ZHAO Chunyang,et al.Study on fracture zone of cross fault group in large section rectangular roadway undermining conditions[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):117-124.