“重返阶级”:理论与意义
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摘要
"重返阶级"是作为对"阶级消亡"的回应和反击而出场的。"重返阶级"论主张,社会阶级结构和阶级关系的确在历史中变化,但阶级和阶级关系的本质没有改变,阶级继续存在并持续地影响着社会,阶级分析仍然是分析社会的有效工具。"重返阶级"的努力得益于将工作场所作为权力体系和阶级对抗场所的当代劳工研究,这种从"工场权力"的角度来划分阶级的研究正确地揭示了社会阶级不平等的现象。阶级话语的再出场是社会不平等的理论回声,新时代阶级存在表现出工人阶级"新贫困"、中产阶级"再无产阶级化"和全球工业阶级形成等新特点和新趋势,应当重返阶级,把工人带回分析的中心,以新视角坚持和重塑阶级话语。
"Return to class" is a response and counterattack to "class extinction".The theory of "return to class" maintains that social class structure and class relations have indeed changed in history,but the essence of class and class relations have not changed;class continues to exist and affect society,and class analysis is still an effective tool to analyze the society.The effort of "return to class" is attributed to the contemporary labor research that regards workplace as the place of power system and class confrontation,which correctly reveals social class inequality from the perspective of "workshop power".The reappearance of class discourse is the theoretical echo of social inequality.In the new era,the existence of class shows the new characteristics and trend such as the "new poverty" of the working class,the "proletarianization" of the middle class and the formation of global industrial class.We should return to class,bring workers back to the center of analysis and adhere to and reshape class discourse from a new perspective.
"Return to class" is a response and counterattack to "class extinction".The theory of "return to class" maintains that social class structure and class relations have indeed changed in history,but the essence of class and class relations have not changed;class continues to exist and affect society,and class analysis is still an effective tool to analyze the society.The effort of "return to class" is attributed to the contemporary labor research that regards workplace as the place of power system and class confrontation,which correctly reveals social class inequality from the perspective of "workshop power".The reappearance of class discourse is the theoretical echo of social inequality.In the new era,the existence of class shows the new characteristics and trend such as the "new poverty" of the working class,the "proletarianization" of the middle class and the formation of global industrial class.We should return to class,bring workers back to the center of analysis and adhere to and reshape class discourse from a new perspective.
引文
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[16] 菲尔·赫斯.“自在”还是“自为”:工人阶级的阶级意识瓦解了吗[J].罗丽平,摘译.马克思主义研究,2009(10):141.
[17] 让·卢日金内,皮埃尔·库尔萨利,米歇尔·瓦卡卢利斯.新阶级斗争[M].陆象淦,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[18] BERCH B.Class and Class Conflict in the Age of Globalization[M].MD:Lexington Books Press,2009:129.
[19] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[20] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:739.
[21] 俞可平.全球化时代的“马克思主义”[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998:79.
[22] 周嘉昕.马克思主义经典著作研究与马克思主义哲学方法论自觉[J].求索,2018(5):31.
[2] CLARK T N,LIPSET S M.Are Social Classes Dying?[J].International Sociology,1991(4):397-410.
[3] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[4] 吉尔·伊亚尔,伊万·塞勒尼,埃莉诺·汤斯利.无需资本家打造资本主义[M].吕鹏,吕佳龄,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008:143.
[5] HOUT M,BROOKS C,MANZA J.The Continuing Existence of the Class in Post-Dustrial Society[J].International Sociology,1993(3):259-277.
[6] 哈里·布雷弗曼.劳动与垄断资本[M].方生,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1978.
[7] 迈克尔·布若威.制造同意——垄断资本主义劳动过程的变迁[M].李荣荣,译.北京:商务印书馆,2008:79.
[8] 李友梅,孙立平,沈原.当代中国社会分层:理论与实证[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006:59.
[9] ZWEIG M.The Working Class Majority:America's Best Kept Secret[M].NY:Cornell University Press,2000.
[10] 彭恒军,等.工人与国家:认同与责任——工人作为“阶级”的政治逻辑[M].北京:光明日报出版社,2014:42.
[11] 沈原.社会转型与工人阶级的再形成[J].社会学研究,2006(2):15.
[12] 约瑟夫·E·斯蒂格利茨.不平等的代价[M].张子源,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2013:序言6-7.
[13] 张严.资本主义福利国家的当代困境与内在悖论[J].国外理论动态,2019(1).
[14] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:562.
[15] 罗斯玛丽·克朗普顿.阶级与分层[M].陈光金,译.上海:复旦大学出版社,2011:254.
[16] 菲尔·赫斯.“自在”还是“自为”:工人阶级的阶级意识瓦解了吗[J].罗丽平,摘译.马克思主义研究,2009(10):141.
[17] 让·卢日金内,皮埃尔·库尔萨利,米歇尔·瓦卡卢利斯.新阶级斗争[M].陆象淦,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[18] BERCH B.Class and Class Conflict in the Age of Globalization[M].MD:Lexington Books Press,2009:129.
[19] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[20] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:739.
[21] 俞可平.全球化时代的“马克思主义”[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998:79.
[22] 周嘉昕.马克思主义经典著作研究与马克思主义哲学方法论自觉[J].求索,2018(5):31.