秦川牛肉用选育改良及产业化开发
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摘要
秦川牛系中国黄牛的代表性品种,主产于陕西关中地区,被毛紫红、肉役兼用、肉质优良。各级政府和科技人员历来都比较重视秦川牛选育改良工作,其肉用选育改良经历了"役用-役肉兼用-肉役兼用-肉用"的过程。尤其是近30年来,西北农林科技大学以保持秦川牛固有优点为基本出发点,以肉用为目标,长期坚持本品种选育,成功选育出秦川牛肉用新品系,其体型外貌和产肉性能得到了明显改善;通过引入国外肉牛品种杂交改良秦川牛,其后代产肉性能较秦川牛得以大幅提高。同时秦川肉牛产业化开发也已初具规模,产业集群效应开始显现,社会经济效益显著。本文介绍了秦川牛肉用选育改良过程、新品系特点和推广应用成效,讨论了中国黄牛选育改良应该注意的几个技术环节,对指导我国地方黄牛肉用选育改良及产业化开发,促进我国肉牛种业发展等具有重要意义。
The Qinchuan cattle is mainly breeding in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province, and has good reputation for its purple hair, capacity for drafting as well as superior performance in growth and productivity.The governments and scientific researchers have put significant emphasis on improvement and industrialization of Qinchuan cattle. The process of breeding and improving has been accelerated into the direction of producing beef instead of laboring. With maintaining the inherent advantages of Qinchuan cattle as the basic breed,new strain with significant advances in shape and meat performance has been bred by Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University through more than 30 years. Meanwhile, by introducing the foreign breeds, crossbred breeds were well developed to improve the meat performance. Qinchuan beef industry has fundamentally taken shaped and brought significantly benefits to both economy and society. In this article, the process of selection and improvement, features and popularization situation of the new strain of Qinchuan cattle were introduced.Critical issues related to key techniques have been discussed in yellow cattle selection and improvement in China. This paper will be very important to guide the improvement and industrialization of Chinese indigenous cattle, and promote the development of China beef cattle breeding industry.
The Qinchuan cattle is mainly breeding in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province, and has good reputation for its purple hair, capacity for drafting as well as superior performance in growth and productivity.The governments and scientific researchers have put significant emphasis on improvement and industrialization of Qinchuan cattle. The process of breeding and improving has been accelerated into the direction of producing beef instead of laboring. With maintaining the inherent advantages of Qinchuan cattle as the basic breed,new strain with significant advances in shape and meat performance has been bred by Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University through more than 30 years. Meanwhile, by introducing the foreign breeds, crossbred breeds were well developed to improve the meat performance. Qinchuan beef industry has fundamentally taken shaped and brought significantly benefits to both economy and society. In this article, the process of selection and improvement, features and popularization situation of the new strain of Qinchuan cattle were introduced.Critical issues related to key techniques have been discussed in yellow cattle selection and improvement in China. This paper will be very important to guide the improvement and industrialization of Chinese indigenous cattle, and promote the development of China beef cattle breeding industry.
引文
田军德,穆国鹏,蔺彦龙等.2011.安秦、和秦及和安秦杂交肉牛的产肉性能分析[J].中国牛业科学,37(6):24-28.(Tian J D,Mu G P,Lin Y L,et al.2011.Analysis of beefperformance of Angus×Qinchuan cattle,Wagyu×Qinchuan cattle and Wagyu×Angus×Qinchuan cattle[J].ChinaCattle Science,37(6):24-28.)
昝林森,梅楚刚,王洪程.2014.我国牛羊肉市场价格走势分析及产业发展对策[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),14(5):56-59.(Zan L S,Mei C G,Wang H C.2014.Analysis of beef and mutton prices trend andcountermeasures on development of beef cattle andsheep industry in China[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Social Science Edition),14(5):56-59.)
昝林森,梅楚刚,王洪程.2014.我国牛羊肉市场价格走势分析及产业发展对策[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),14(5):56-59.(Zan L S,Mei C G,Wang H C.2014.Analysis of beef and mutton prices trend andcountermeasures on development of beef cattle andsheep industry in China[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity(Social Science Edition),14(5):56-59.)