基于负荷频率特性的低频减载方案优化
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摘要
针对当前低频减载整定方案大都没有计及负荷重要性,及负荷切除对于系统频率恢复的灵敏性的问题,本文建立了同时考虑上述两种负荷特性的低频减载优化新模型。该模型基于对系统负荷的分类、设置与每类负荷对应的低频减载方案。在保证全局统筹切负荷的情况下,以系统切负荷量最小和频率偏移最小作为优化目标,基于机电暂态仿真与粒子群算法相结合的方法,对低频减载方案中各类负荷的各轮次切负荷比例参数进行优化,从而获得最优的低频减载方案。实际算例证明了本文方法的有效性与正确性。
Focusing on the issue of not considering the importance of load and the sensitivity of frequency recovery,this paper builds a novel optimization model for under frequency load shedding(UFLS)considering both of the above factors. Based on the classification of power load,this model sets the UFLS scheme corresponding to each type of load.It ensures the global co-ordination for load shedding,takes the minimum amount of both system load shedding and frequency offset as optimization objectives,optimizes the proportion of each round of load shedding for each UFLS scheme based on the combination of electromechanical transient simulation and particle swarm optimization algorithm,and eventually achieves the optimal under frequency load shedding scheme. Simulation results of an actual power system illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Focusing on the issue of not considering the importance of load and the sensitivity of frequency recovery,this paper builds a novel optimization model for under frequency load shedding(UFLS)considering both of the above factors. Based on the classification of power load,this model sets the UFLS scheme corresponding to each type of load.It ensures the global co-ordination for load shedding,takes the minimum amount of both system load shedding and frequency offset as optimization objectives,optimizes the proportion of each round of load shedding for each UFLS scheme based on the combination of electromechanical transient simulation and particle swarm optimization algorithm,and eventually achieves the optimal under frequency load shedding scheme. Simulation results of an actual power system illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
引文
[1]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[2]Mitchell M A,Lopes J A P,Fidalgo J N,et al.Using a neural network to predict the dynamic frequency response of a power system to an under-frequency load shedding scenario[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.Seattle,USA:2000.
[3]Delfino B,Massucco S,Morini A,et al.Implementation and comparison of different under frequency load-shedding schemes[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.Vancouver.Canada:2001.
[4]王晓茹,阮铮,刘克天(Wang Xiaoru,Ruan Zheng,Liu Ketian).电力系统扰动后稳态频率预测直接法改进(Improvement of direct predictive algorithm of power system steady frequency after disturbances)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2010,22(4):1-5.
[5]熊小伏,周永忠,周家启(Xiong Xiaofu,Zhou Yongzhong,Zhou Jiaqi).计及负荷频率特性的低频减载方案研究(Study of underfrequency load shedding scheme based on load frequency characteristics)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2005,25(19):48-51.
[6]李爱民,蔡泽祥(Li Aimin,Cai Zexiang).基于轨迹分析的互联电网频率动态特性及低频减载的优化(Frequency dynamics analysis and load shedding assessment based on dynamic simulation trajectory of interconnected power system)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2009,24(9):171-177.
[7]解大,何恒靖,常喜强,等(Xie Da,He Hengjing,Chang Xiqiang,et al).计及同调分区和全局优化的电力系统低频减载方案(An approach to design power system under frequency load shedding scheme taking coherent area and global optimization into account)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2010,34(6):106-112.
[8]解大,何恒靖,常喜强,等(Xie Da,He Hengjing,Chang Xiqiang,et al).电力系统低频减载的同调分区定义与割集算法(Coherent-area definition and its cut-set algorithm of under frequency load shedding)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2011,23(3):58-62,117.
[9]Hsu C-T,Kang M-S,Chen C-S.Design of adaptive load shedding by artificial neural networks[J].IEE ProceedingsGeneration,Transmission and Distribution,2005,152(3):415-421.
[10]李秀卿,蔡泽祥(Li Xiuqing,Cai Zexiang).电力系统低频减载控制优化算法(An optimal algorithm of low frequency load shedding in power system)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),1998,22(10):23-25.
[11]佘庆媛,沈沉,乔颖,等(She Qingyuan,Shen Chen,Qiao Ying,et al).电力系统低压减载和低频减载协调控制策略(A coordinated load shedding scheme for both undervoltage and under-frequency load shedding)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2008,32(23):23-27.
[12]汪震,宋晓喆,甘德强,等(Wang Zhen,Song Xiaozhe,Gan Deqiang,et al).考虑系统频率恢复性能的低频减载参数优化模型(A parameter optimization model of under-frequency load shedding considering frequency recovery performance)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2012,36(6):17-22.
[13]韩肖清,侯嫒媛,韩肖宁(Han Xiaoqing,Hou Yuanyuan,Han Xiaoning).基于PSASP/UPI节点PV曲线的快速求取(Fast method of getting P-V curve based on PSASP/UPI)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2008,20(5):45-50.
[14]张辉,蒲天骄,王刚,等(Zhang Hui,Pu Tianjiao,Wang Gang,et al).基于实测频率轨迹的机组调速器参数辨识(Governor parameter identification of generation system based on measured frequency curve)[J].电力系统保护与控制(Power System Protection and Control),2014,42(1):24-32.
[15]王武双,王晓茹,黄飞,等(Wang Wushuang,Wang Xiaoru,Huang Fei,et al).电力系统仿真软件PSASP接口研究与应用(Development and application of interface for power system analysis software package)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2011,35(7):113-117.
[16]吴中习,周泽昕,张启沛,等(Wu Zhongxi,Zhou Zexin,Zhang Qipei,et al).《电力系统分析综合程序》用户程序接口(PSASP/UPI)的开发和应用(The development and application of user program interface based on power system analysis software package(PSASP/UPI))[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),1996,20(2):15-20.
[17]李欣然,翟文杰,周二专(Li Xinran,Zhai Wenjie,Michael Zhou).面向对象的电网仿真程序中负荷模型扩展方法(Extension approach for load modelin objectoriented power system simulation software)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2009,21(2):96-103.
[2]Mitchell M A,Lopes J A P,Fidalgo J N,et al.Using a neural network to predict the dynamic frequency response of a power system to an under-frequency load shedding scenario[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.Seattle,USA:2000.
[3]Delfino B,Massucco S,Morini A,et al.Implementation and comparison of different under frequency load-shedding schemes[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.Vancouver.Canada:2001.
[4]王晓茹,阮铮,刘克天(Wang Xiaoru,Ruan Zheng,Liu Ketian).电力系统扰动后稳态频率预测直接法改进(Improvement of direct predictive algorithm of power system steady frequency after disturbances)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2010,22(4):1-5.
[5]熊小伏,周永忠,周家启(Xiong Xiaofu,Zhou Yongzhong,Zhou Jiaqi).计及负荷频率特性的低频减载方案研究(Study of underfrequency load shedding scheme based on load frequency characteristics)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2005,25(19):48-51.
[6]李爱民,蔡泽祥(Li Aimin,Cai Zexiang).基于轨迹分析的互联电网频率动态特性及低频减载的优化(Frequency dynamics analysis and load shedding assessment based on dynamic simulation trajectory of interconnected power system)[J].电工技术学报(Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society),2009,24(9):171-177.
[7]解大,何恒靖,常喜强,等(Xie Da,He Hengjing,Chang Xiqiang,et al).计及同调分区和全局优化的电力系统低频减载方案(An approach to design power system under frequency load shedding scheme taking coherent area and global optimization into account)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2010,34(6):106-112.
[8]解大,何恒靖,常喜强,等(Xie Da,He Hengjing,Chang Xiqiang,et al).电力系统低频减载的同调分区定义与割集算法(Coherent-area definition and its cut-set algorithm of under frequency load shedding)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2011,23(3):58-62,117.
[9]Hsu C-T,Kang M-S,Chen C-S.Design of adaptive load shedding by artificial neural networks[J].IEE ProceedingsGeneration,Transmission and Distribution,2005,152(3):415-421.
[10]李秀卿,蔡泽祥(Li Xiuqing,Cai Zexiang).电力系统低频减载控制优化算法(An optimal algorithm of low frequency load shedding in power system)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),1998,22(10):23-25.
[11]佘庆媛,沈沉,乔颖,等(She Qingyuan,Shen Chen,Qiao Ying,et al).电力系统低压减载和低频减载协调控制策略(A coordinated load shedding scheme for both undervoltage and under-frequency load shedding)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2008,32(23):23-27.
[12]汪震,宋晓喆,甘德强,等(Wang Zhen,Song Xiaozhe,Gan Deqiang,et al).考虑系统频率恢复性能的低频减载参数优化模型(A parameter optimization model of under-frequency load shedding considering frequency recovery performance)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2012,36(6):17-22.
[13]韩肖清,侯嫒媛,韩肖宁(Han Xiaoqing,Hou Yuanyuan,Han Xiaoning).基于PSASP/UPI节点PV曲线的快速求取(Fast method of getting P-V curve based on PSASP/UPI)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2008,20(5):45-50.
[14]张辉,蒲天骄,王刚,等(Zhang Hui,Pu Tianjiao,Wang Gang,et al).基于实测频率轨迹的机组调速器参数辨识(Governor parameter identification of generation system based on measured frequency curve)[J].电力系统保护与控制(Power System Protection and Control),2014,42(1):24-32.
[15]王武双,王晓茹,黄飞,等(Wang Wushuang,Wang Xiaoru,Huang Fei,et al).电力系统仿真软件PSASP接口研究与应用(Development and application of interface for power system analysis software package)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2011,35(7):113-117.
[16]吴中习,周泽昕,张启沛,等(Wu Zhongxi,Zhou Zexin,Zhang Qipei,et al).《电力系统分析综合程序》用户程序接口(PSASP/UPI)的开发和应用(The development and application of user program interface based on power system analysis software package(PSASP/UPI))[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),1996,20(2):15-20.
[17]李欣然,翟文杰,周二专(Li Xinran,Zhai Wenjie,Michael Zhou).面向对象的电网仿真程序中负荷模型扩展方法(Extension approach for load modelin objectoriented power system simulation software)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA),2009,21(2):96-103.