发达国家农业支持政策的经验及启示——以美国、日本、欧盟为例
|
摘要
农业是一个国家的基础产业,对于每个国家来说都至关重要,每个国家都很重视农业的生产和发展,因此也都出台了各种支持和保护农业的政策。但是各个国家的基本国情和综合国力是不一样的,因此出台的农业支持政策也不同。对于美国来说,它为了保障世界最大农产品出口国的地位,出台了农产品价格补贴、生态补贴和贸易补贴政策;对于欧盟,则对价格补贴政策做了一些改进,它为了规避WTO规则,出台了单一农场价格补贴政策,另外还增加了支持农村发展的内容;而日本永远都在高筑贸易壁垒保护本国农业。这些都是发达国家的农业支持政策,文章在总结这些发达国家农业政策的实施历程与成果的基础上,对中国提出了具体的政策建议。中国作为一个人口众多、幅员辽阔的发展中大国,更应该建立一个与本国国情相适应的农业支持体系,并根据国内外环境的变化,不断优化这一体系。
Agriculture is a basic industry of a nation and is vital for every country in the world. Every country values the production and development of agriculture, so it introduces various policies of supporting and protecting agriculture. However, fundamental realities and comprehensive national strength of every country are different. Therefore, agricultural supporting policies are different. For America,it introduces agricultural product price subsidy, ecological subsidy and trade subsidy policies, for the sake of safeguarding the status of the biggest agricultural product exporter, while EU improves the price subsidy policy, introduces a price subsidy policy for single farm and also increases content of supporting rural development to avoid from WTO rules, and Japan also builds a trade barrier to protect domestic agriculture. All of these are agricultural supporting policies of developed countries. On the basis of summarizing implement course and achievements of agricultural policies in developed countries, this paper proposes specific policy advice. As a developing country with a large population and a vast territory, Chinese should establish an agricultural supporting policy suitable for the national conditions of China and optimize this system constantly in line with environmental changes at home and abroad.
Agriculture is a basic industry of a nation and is vital for every country in the world. Every country values the production and development of agriculture, so it introduces various policies of supporting and protecting agriculture. However, fundamental realities and comprehensive national strength of every country are different. Therefore, agricultural supporting policies are different. For America,it introduces agricultural product price subsidy, ecological subsidy and trade subsidy policies, for the sake of safeguarding the status of the biggest agricultural product exporter, while EU improves the price subsidy policy, introduces a price subsidy policy for single farm and also increases content of supporting rural development to avoid from WTO rules, and Japan also builds a trade barrier to protect domestic agriculture. All of these are agricultural supporting policies of developed countries. On the basis of summarizing implement course and achievements of agricultural policies in developed countries, this paper proposes specific policy advice. As a developing country with a large population and a vast territory, Chinese should establish an agricultural supporting policy suitable for the national conditions of China and optimize this system constantly in line with environmental changes at home and abroad.
引文
[1]王新志,张清津.国外主要发达国家农业政策分析及启示[J].农业经济研究,2013(01):74-77.
[2]胡子君,齐楠.美国农业保护政策研究[J].世界农业,2014(04):74-77.
[3]白凌子,何忠伟.农业支持政策的国内外比较研究[J].北京农学院学报,2013(07):38-40.
[4]王德祥.明治维新以来日本的农业和农村政策[J].现代日本经济,2008(02):42-47.
[5]徐世平.欧盟共同农业政策变迁探析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2005(06):10-11.
[6]杭帆,郭剑雄.发达国家农业可持续增长的经验及启示——人口转型与技术进步[J].技术经济与管理研究,2014(08):121-124.
[2]胡子君,齐楠.美国农业保护政策研究[J].世界农业,2014(04):74-77.
[3]白凌子,何忠伟.农业支持政策的国内外比较研究[J].北京农学院学报,2013(07):38-40.
[4]王德祥.明治维新以来日本的农业和农村政策[J].现代日本经济,2008(02):42-47.
[5]徐世平.欧盟共同农业政策变迁探析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2005(06):10-11.
[6]杭帆,郭剑雄.发达国家农业可持续增长的经验及启示——人口转型与技术进步[J].技术经济与管理研究,2014(08):121-124.