中日合资C&S汽车公司跨文化管理研究
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摘要
第二次世界大战结束后,跨国公司的兴起与发展,使生产与资本走向国际化。而全球经济一体化进程的加快,使得经济和文化间的关系也越来越密切,呈现出经济和文化交融的大趋势。一方面,任何经济活动都是以一定的文化样式进行,都直接或间接地蕴含各种文化因素并建立在一定的文化基础之上的;另一方面,文化又表现为一种动力和资源,发挥着推进和润滑剂的作用。进入二十世纪七十年代后,全球进入了合资经营时代,合资企业既创造了经济奇迹,又面临许多管理困惑。随着跨国公司的增加和跨国经营规模的扩大,文化的差异对管理的影响显得愈来愈重要,因而对跨国集团海外企业的跨文化管理研究,就具有非常重要的意义。
     本文以C市的中日合资企业C&S汽车公司作为研究对象,运用当代跨文化管理的激励理论,对案例中的中日文化冲突现象进行分析。合资公司管理层来自中国和日本,由于中日双方文化背景不同,形成文化差异,表现在双方的价值观、思维方式以及制度文化上具有差异,由此产生了冲突,特别是人力资源管理上的冲突。通过对合资公司人力资源管理状况的探讨,分析冲突产生的主要原因是对员工的关注度差异、中外经济制度的差异、以及现代管理制度与中国传统管理制度的差异所造成。根据对本案例中文化冲突的研究,提出了实施跨文化管理的措施:合资企业需要全员参与,建立以人为本的企业文化,树立企业的共同价值观;建立和完善规范的管理制度,加强激励机制的建设,增强公司的凝聚力;改善环境,促进沟通,开展跨文化培训,使各方最大程度地减少冲突予以融合。
     本案例的研究说明,要实现合资企业的预期目标,管理者在处理与企业文化关系最为密切的人力资源管理时,必须充分了解冲突的原因,采取积极有效的措施来减少或避免冲突的发生,加快文化融合的进程,使合资各方的沟通合作变得简单容易,同时使积极的企业文化价值观深入人心,企业的凝聚力增强最终达到提高企业的综合经济效益和市场竞争力。中日合资C&S汽车公司经过实施具体的跨文化管理,得以平稳有效地运作和健康的发展。
After World War II, with the rise and development of transnational corporation, production and capital have been widely internationalized. The speed up of global economical integration makes economy and culture interact with each other more and more deeply, showing a grand trend of blending. On the one hand, all economic activities are performed in a certain cultural way, more or less involved in various cultural elements and based on culture to some degree; on the another hand, culture behaves as a motivation and resource, playing the role of push and lubrication.
    After 70s' in last century, the global economy has come into the time of jointly operation. While having created a lot economic miracles, jointly operation is also perplexed by many management issues. With more transnational corporations coming up and the expanding of their business, the influence to the management due to the cultural difference becomes more and more important, thus the cross-cultural management research makes a lot sense now.
    This article takes Sino-Japanese Joint Venture C&S Motors Company in C city as the study case, analyzes the cultural conflicts between China and Japan using the contemporary cross-cultural management principles. The management team of the joint venture is from China and Japan, the different cultural background brings up the gap on thinking style, social and politic views. This results in various conflicts, especially on human resources management. After studying the human resources management problem in the joint venture, we found the conflicts are mainly caused by how much you take care the employees, the difference of the economic system between China and overseas, moreover, the discrepancy of the modern and traditional Chinese management. Based on the conclusion of this culture case study, we proposed the following cross-cultural management strategies: Let all employees participate, build the enterprise culture based on employee, establish common values about the enterprise; build and improve the formal management system, enforce incentive mechanism, increase the enterprise cohesion; improve working environment, help communication, make cross-cultural training, reduce the conflicts to the maximum degree and replace it with cooperation.
    This study case shows, in order to reach the joint venture's expected goal, when deal with the human resource management which is most involved with cultures, we must get to know what causes the conflicts, and take positive steps to reduce or prevent the
    
    
    
    conflicts, and help the cultural integration, simplify the communication among all partners, let everybody understand the enterprise culture, make the enterprise cohesion reach the best position, enhance the enterprise's benefit and market competing capability. After utilizing the cross-cultural management, Sino-Japanese Joint Venture C&S Motors Company has been running efficiently and healthily.
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