我国独立审计风险的防范与控制研究
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摘要
在国外,注册会计师涉案日益增多,特别是20世纪60年代以来,由于经济环境的不确定性增强,大量公司不是倒闭就是陷入财务困境,而且伴随着资本市场的迅猛发展,社会公众对注册会计师的审计报告的依赖程度越来越强、期望也越来越高,审计风险呈快速上升趋势,注册会计师已经进入了“诉讼爆炸”时代。伴随着我国注册会计师事业的不断发展,注册会计师的责任与其地位都在增长的同时,涉及注册会计师与会计师事务所的诉讼案件也时有发生,审计风险日益引起了国内审计职业界的重视,加强对审计风险的研究,提高注册会计师的风险意识,这是关系到我国注册会计师事业生存与发展的大事,也是关系到社会主义市场经济有序运行的大事。本文在把握一般风险概念及特征的基础上对审计风险的概念及特征进行了深入的分析;对其形成原因做了详细的探讨,其形成原因有审计主体自身的原因、审计客体方面的原因、审计客体内外部环境方面的原因等;为了加深对审计风险的理解与认识,按各种标准对审计风险进行了分类。审计风险是审计的本质内容,在审计理论体系中居于重要地位,因此论文的第二部分对审计风险与审计责任、审计重要性、审计准则、审计质量、审计效率、审计证据、审计工作底稿的区别及其联系予以剖析。论文的第三部分对审计风险模型的三个要素即固有风险、控制风险、检查风险的含义及其关系做了详细的论述与说明,指出它们对总体审计风险的影响,并对三个风险要素进行定性、定量的分析与评估。研究审计风险的目的在于防范和控制审计风险,提高审计效率和审计质量,在论文的第四部分提出了审计风险管理的一般模式及控制审计风险的具体措施、建议;理论要指导实践,在论文的第四部分就部分重点审计领域的风险防范与控制提出了具有可操作性的方法、程序。
Cases involving CPAs are increasingly multiplied in developed countries at present. Because the economic environments become more uncertain, quite a few enterprises have gone bankrupt or confronted with financial difficulties since 1960s; With the fast growth of capital market, in order to make right investment decision, the level that the public depending on the audit reports and the expectation of the public are becoming higher., Audit risk is increasing with high-speed, CPAs have entered an age of "litigation explosion". In China, with the steady growth of CPA causes, CPAs have been widely acknowledged and attached much more importance to. Correspondingly cases concerning CPAs and the public accounting firms arose continuously. These sound the alarm for CPAs, It's time we put an end to the ignorance of audit risk. Further study on the audit risk and enhanced CPA's awareness of audit risk have much bearing not only on the survival and development of our CPA causes, but also the proper function of our socialist market economy. This article analyzed deeply the concept and features of audit risk based on the generally accepted concept and characteristics of the term "risk". The reasons that the audit risk emerged are analyzed concerning CPAs and the public accounting firms, the subjects audited, the internal and external environments of the subjects ,and so on. In order to get deeper understanding and wider knowledge about audit risk, it is classified on different standards. Since audit risk is the essence of audit, which is of cardinal significance in the auditing theoretical system. In the chapter two, the relationship and difference between audit risk, audit liabilities, audit materiality, audit standards, audit efficiency, audit evidences, audit manuscripts are analyzed. The factors of audit risk model are inherent risk, control risk, detection risk. Their implication and the relationship between each other are discussed in the chapter three; the effects that the three factors have on the audit risk are pointed out, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the three factors are also discussed one by one. In the chapter four of the thesis, the general model of audit risk management and the specific measures to control audit risk are put forward. Theories should guide practices, so in the last chapter, the article proposes manipulative measures to control audit risk in some hazardous auditing fields.
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