摘要
全息显示具有能够真实再现原物波的优势,在信息显示领域具有较高的研究价值。近年来基于空间光调制器的全息显示得到了越来越多的研究,特别是彩色全息显示技术。本文开展了基于液晶空间光调制器的彩色全息显示技术相关研究。主要研究内容包括:基于液晶空间光调制器的全息光电成像理论分析、彩色显示过程中的色差分析与补偿、核心器件液晶空间光调制器的调制特性测试及全息图的优化、彩色全息显示系统的构建。
基于傅里叶光学理论,分析了空间光调制器有效区域及死区在像面的成像分布,为实现全息显示及成像优化奠下了基础。着重分析了液晶空间光调制器开口率对成像能量分布的影响,提出了在位相型全息图中加载数字闪耀光栅提高全息再现像能量的方法,并进行了实验验证。分析表明,在开口率为87%的情况下,加载单向数字闪耀光栅再现像能量可以提高65.0%,加载双向数字闪耀光栅再现像能量可以提高172.2%。
在彩色全息显示中,加载全息图的液晶空间光调制器作为衍射光学元件使全息成像受到了严重的色差影响。本文分析了倍率色差、横向位置色差、轴向色差产生的原因。根据计算全息的优点,本文提出了对物信息进行差别采样实现对倍率色差的补偿,通过在位相全息图中加载相应周期与方向的数字闪耀光栅实现对横向位置色差的补偿,在位相全息图中加载二次型位相分布实现对轴向色差的补偿。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效的对色差进行补偿,且不需要消色差光学元件等,不增加系统成本。
液晶空间光调制器是实现彩色全息显示的核心器件。本文建立了反射式向列型液晶空间光调制器对光实现位相调制的理论模型,依据泰曼-格林干涉光路建立了反射式空间光调制器位相测试系统。测试了空间光调制器PLUTO-VIS对R、G、B三色激光(670 nm,532 nm,473 nm)的位相调制特性曲线,依据查表法及调制特性曲线对全息图进行了优化,并对优化前后全息图的再现结果进行了比较,结果表明优化后全息图的再现像质量得到了明显提高,同时也验证了调制特性曲线的正确性。本文还探讨了斜入射对空间光调制器PLUTO-VIS
位相调制特性的影响,得出了在实验中应尽量减小入射角的结论。在进行成像理论分析、色差补偿及全息图优化的基础上,本文依据时分复用方法搭建了基于空间光调制器PLUTO-VIS彩色全息显示系统。系统主要包括:三色激光器组成的光源模组,激光器与空间光调制器的同步装置,激光滤波、扩束器件,空间光调制器PLUTO-VIS等光学元件。对实现彩色显示过程中产生串色现象进行了研究,本文提出了对激光工作时序图进行相应的修正方法来消除串色现象,实现了彩色信息的正确显示。
There are many advantages of holographic information display for it can reconstruct information without aberration. In recent years, many researchers pay much attention on real-time holography using spatial light modulator, especially for color holography. This paper did research on key technology for color holographic display using liquid crystal spatial light modulator(LC-SLM). The study composed of: theoretical analysis of image reconstruction from hologram loaded by pixelated spatial light modulator; Chromatism’s analysis and compensation have been made in the process of color image reconstruction based on LC-SLM; The modulation property of LC-SLM used in our experiment has been tested and the phase hologram has been optimized based on the modulation property. At the end of this paper a color holographic display system has been built with time-sharing method.
This paper did analysis on how images reconstructed form holograms loaded by LC-SLM based on Fourier optics theory. The images reconstructed by active area and dead area of spatial light modulator were respectively analyzed. The analysis it made pave the way to color holographic display using spatial light modulator. It paid attention on fill actor’s affection to energy distribution of reconstructed image. This paper proposed to superimpose digital blazed grating to phase hologram to improve the energy of reconstructed image which has been verified by experiment. According to our analysis, with the fill actor of 87% of SLM, the energy of reconstructed image can be improved by 65.0% with one direction blazed grating and by 172.2 with two directions.
In the process of color holography display, the reconstructed images were spoiled by chromatisms for spatial light modulator act as diffractive optical element. This paper analyzed the causes of magnification chromatism, transverse and longitudinal ones. Considering the merit of computer generated hologram, it proposed to resample object information to compensate magnification chormatism. Blazed grating with proper period and direction was loaded to holograms to compensate transverse chromatism. It also compensated longitudinal chormatism by adding quadratic phase distribution. The experiment shows that the methods we proposed are effective and without any hardware such as achromatic optical element.
LC-SLM is the core device in the full color holographic display system. The theoretical model of phase modulation property for reflective SLM with nematic liquid crystal has been created. This paper built test system for reflective SLM based on principle of Twyman-Green interferometer. The modulation property of PLUTO-VIS is achieved for three colors red (670 nm), green (532 nm), blue (473 nm). The computer generated holograms we used are optimized according the modulation property with look up table method. A comparison has been made between reconstructed image with and without optimum. The result shows that the image quality has been improved significantly after optimum. This also verified that the phase modulation property achieved by us is correct. We also analyzed modulation property for oblique incidence. The analysis shows that the incident angle should be as small as possible.
We built full color holographic display system based on PLUTO-VIS. It composed of R, G, B laser combined by dichroscope,the synchronous circuit for laser and information displayed on LC-SLM, the filter and expander for laser, spatial light modulator(PLUTO-VIS) and some other optical elements. For color break problem encountered in time-sharing method for color information display,this paper proposed to update time sequence chart of laser. The phenomenon of color-break has been removed and correct color information was achieved.
引文
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