摘要
井间储层非均质性是影响油气田勘探开发效果的重要控制因素，以储层预测为主要研究内容、对储层非均质性进行综合评价是精细油藏描述的核心内容之一。针对惠民凹陷油气勘探的实际情况，本论文综合应用专家决策模型、神经网络、分形几何、地质统计学及流动单元等多种理论、方法和技术，力图通过对临邑-商河结合部的基山砂岩体的精细储层预测研究，揭示做为惠民凹陷主力油气分布区的中央隆起带在沉积相空间分布、相控下的井间砂体连通性、储层参数分布、储层综合流动性能等方面的非均质性特征，为惠民凹陷及油田的勘探开发提供重要的技术支持。
以地质统计学变异函数为工具，以砂砾岩厚度为区域化地质变量，研究获取了工区沉积砂体的物源来源、展布主轴方向、长宽厚的比值等空间规模信息；以岩心分析总结的沉积相模式为基础，从测井资料中提取了具有沉积地质意义的测井相表征参数，通过神经网络误差反传算法结合人工经验，给出了单井剖面沉积微相解释结果，并用数学模型对厚度、距离、垂向位置、方位及邻井相关性等各种影响专家决策的信息进行定量描述，创新性地建立了一种三维相模拟的专家决策数学模型和算法，经资料处理建立了三维相数据体，通过立体图、剖面图和水平切面图等对基山砂体沉积特征进行了综合分析；以三维相模拟数据体为基础，建立了砂体连通性判定算法；以岩心刻度测井方法建立了储层参数解释模型并进行了资料处理，通过重构相空间法和变尺度极差分析法分析了测井曲线及储层参数的分形结构特征，设计完成了以连续随机加法为主的井间参数分形预测算法、以迭代函数系为主的二维曲线、三维曲面分形构建算法，建立了参数预测数据体并进行了较详细的地质分析；在储层流动性能预测与评价研究中，创新性地提出了同时对储层进行流动单元细分和类型识别的“切片合并”方法，完成了单井剖面的流动单元解释，在此基础上创新性地提出了反映储层总体流动性能的“综合流动指数”，并把分形插值算法用于储层流动性能预测。同时，整个研究过程也是区域储层地质知识库的建立、利用和完善的过程。最后，利用这些研究成果对工区成藏条件、剩余油分布等进行了综合分析，对油田进一步的勘探开发提出了指导意见。
论文成果提供了一种以测井资料为主要基础数据，以地层对比、三维相模拟和砂体连通性为宏观控制，以储层参数解释及井间分形预测、流动单元划分及综合流动性能评价为精细研究内容的储层预测研究思路和实用方法，为油藏非均质性研究提供了可以借鉴的方法。
Interwell reservoir heterogeneity was an important controlling factor affecting exploration and development. Comprehensive evaluation of reservoir heterogeneity, which takes reservoir prediction as the primary content, was one of the most important researching contents in reservoir description. In view of the rigor situation of hydrocarbon exploration in Huimin Depression, the paper try to reveal the characteristics of distribution of sedimentary facies, connectivity of sandbody, distribution of reservoir parameters and flowing property of the central uplift belt, the major oil and gas distributed area of Huimin Depression, by the detailed researching of reservoir prediction of Jishan Sandbody. Many theories, methods or technologies such as the specialist decision model, artificial neural network, fractal geometry, geostatistics and flow-unit theory, and so on were used in the researching. And this was believed to be great technical support for exploration and development of Huimin Depression.
Many spatial information, such as the provenance,the sandbody’s major extension axis, the ratio of sandbody’s length, width and thickness were gained by regarding the thickness of sandstone as the regionalized geological variable and taking variogram as the main researching tool. Some parameters with geological meanings were extracted to characterize the facies model gained from drilling cores. Microfacies of all wells were acquired by incorporating the expertise and BP algorithm of ANN. On this basis, some factors that impact the specialist’s decision-making, such as thickness, distance, vertical position, azimuth and correlation of neighboring wells, were describe by quantitative mathematical models. A new innovative decision-making model and algorithm was developed and be used to construct the 3D data volume of facies simulation. And, some 3D and 2D figures were extracted from this data volume to analyse the sedimentary characteristics of Jishan Sandbody. Sandbody’s connectivity decision algorithm was set up based on the 3D facies data volume. By calibrating the logging data with core analysis, interpretation models for the reservoir parameters were established and used. It was proved that well logging curves and reservoir parameters matched the fractal structure through phase space reconstruction and rescaled range R/S analyses, so the paper designed and established a fractal interpolating algorithm by taking SRA as the key method, a restruction algorithm for 2D curves and 3D surfaces by taking IFS as the key tool. The data volume of predicted parameters was then set up and evaluated in the geological meanings. A new method named“slicing and merging”was proposed innovatively to perform reservoir subdividing and identifying simultaneously. This method was used in flow-unit interpreting, reservoir flowing property predicting and evaluating. A new parameter named Integrative Flowing Index (IFI) was originally proposed and used to characterize the integrative flowing property of reservoir. Also, interwell fractal interpolation algorithm was used to predict the reservoir flowing property. On the other hand, this prediction researching can also be regard as a processing of construction, application and improvement of regional geological knowledge library. Lastly, conditions of hydrocarbon reservoir-forming and distribution of remaining oil were analyzed based on above researching results. And this can be used to direct the oilfield’s exploration and development.
This dissertation supply a good idea and practical research method for reservoir prediction, which mainly based on well logging data, macro-controlled by strata correlation, 3D microfacies simulation and sandbody connectivity, and take reservoir parameters interpreting and its interwell fractal predicting, flow units subdividing and evaluation of reservoir flowing property as the fine researching contents. This may be very useful for reference in reservoir heterogeneity study.
引文
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